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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A critique of the film "What About Bob?" by Frank Oz and book
"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Latest Assessment and Treatment Strategies" by Gail Steketee.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a critique of a film, What About Bob", and a book, "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The latest Assessmentand Treatment Strategies, which are both about obsessive compulsive disorder. The paper explains that the author learned from the film that the sociopathic, interpersonal behaviors, which the character of Bob in the film exhibits, are some of the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). The paper then relates that a major area of contention in the book is the use of medications to help resolve the common symptoms of OCD. The author stresses that Steketee provides a great deal of insight about behavioral therapy, which provides far more solutions to OCD than the medicinal and surgical treatments often found in other studies done for patient treatment.
From the Paper
"Some of the others question about Steketee's reliance on behavioral therapy for treatment is the Appendix where she describes many of the findings of clinical studies that provide information about behavioral therapy. Certainly, the success rates of behavioral therapy need to be addressed far more often than the heavily sponsored pharmaceutical studies being done due to their massive financial resources. Steketee provides the foundation for behavioral studies that give her the premise of providing more behavioral solutions for patients that are suffering from this disorder."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A discussion of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among Americans.
1,953 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In particular, the paper describes what the disorder is, how prevalent it appears to be among Americans, what the etiology of the disease is, and what treatments are available to combat it. In addressing these matters, the paper looks at some empirical studies that have emerged in recent years and how they shape our understanding of this still largely inscrutable illness. In conclusion, the paper shows that it appears as though behavioral therapy is the best course of action - and considerably more preferable than any drug regimen.
From the Paper
"The same path-breaking empirical work also goes further with regards to evaluating sub-categories of obsessive-compulsive neuroses. For one thing, there are six discrete sub-categories of obsessive-compulsive thoughts that researchers as early as the middle 1970s found enormously important and pervasive among patients. For instance, there is the motif of "dirt and contamination"; the theme of "aggression"; the theme of "inanimate-impersonal"; religious motifs; sexual obsessions; and miscellany of one sort or another that could not be comfortably placed in any of the preceding categories."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2003.
Explores the effects of OCD on children in relation to learning.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in children. It begins by examining the characteristics of the disorder and then discusses what causes OCD. The paper also explores different treatment options, as well as prevention methods.
From the Paper
"Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder. By definition, anxiety disorders are ?psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety? (Myers, 2001, p. 557). In the case of OCD, it falls under the categories of both persistent anxiety and behaviors used to reduce this anxiety. Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder consists of two main behaviors: obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are ?recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, and impulses that interrupt normal thinking, cause anxiety or fear, and will not go away? (The Cleveland Clinic [TCC], 2002). Compulsions are ?behaviors or rituals that are repeated intentionally to try to control the obsessions? (TCC, 2002). This disorder usually manifests in childhood or early adolescence, and occurs equally in men and women, and in people of all different races and socioeconomic backgrounds. Currently, this disorder affects approximately 3.3 million adults and over 1 million children and adolescents in the United States (TCC, 2002). The review of this disorder will focus on four different aspects: 1. Diagnosis and characteristics of the disorder; 2. Causes of the disorder; 3. Treatment of the disorder; 4. Prevention and outlook of the disorder."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2000.
An examination of the disease, its diagnosis, treatment and symptoms.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
A history of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and how it is understood today. The author examines how it is diagnosed and treated as well as the different types of symptoms of the disorder.
From the Paper
"Obsession Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder where a person has recurrent and unwanted ideas or impulses (obsessions) and an urge or compulsion to do something to relieve the discomfort caused by the obsession. Its symptoms and diagnosis, as well as treatment are different than that of many other mental disorders. The obsessive thoughts range from the idea of losing control, to themes surrounding religion or keeping things or parts of one's body clean all the time. Compulsions are behaviors that help reduce the anxiety surrounding the obsessions. Most people (about 90%) who have OCD have both obsessions and compulsions. (Lakin 12)The thoughts and behaviors a person with OCD has are senseless, repetitive, distressing, and sometimes harmful, but they are also difficult to overcome."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2004.
This paper discusses Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a brain-based psychological disorder characterized by uncontrollable obsessions to perform repeatedly behavioral rituals.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) must be distinguished from Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), which is a completely different psychiatric disorder. Despite some similarity between the irrational themes underlying each disorder, OCPD patients do not typically perform compulsive rituals; rather, they tend to become preoccupied with perfectionism or with ordered regularity or rules. The author points out that Behavioral Modification Therapy is unsuccessful by itself, but it is often combined with Cognitive Therapy, in which the therapist discusses the irrationality of the specific fears underlying the patient?s fears and compulsions. The paper states that the first goal of pharmacological treatment of OCD is to maintain a sufficient level of serotonin in the brain to eliminate OCD symptoms.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Symptoms
Treatment
Prognosis
From the Paper
"The first line of medications used in conjunction with treatment of OCD is anti-anxiety medications or mild sedatives to counteract the increased anxiety that is often brought on by behavioral and cognitive psychotherapeutic approaches. If the patient is unresponsive (or not satisfactorily responsive) to a combination of behavioral and cognitive therapy, the next approach is usually the prescription of a Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitor. Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors are classified either as Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRI) or Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). As their names imply, both SRI?s and SSRI?s block the reuptake (or absorption) of the neurotransmitter seratonin to address seratonin insufficiency in the brains of patients exhibiting OCD symptoms. SSRI?s are usually employed first because they affect only seratonin; whereas, SRI?s also impinge upon other neurotransmitters that are unrelated to OCD symptoms. Consequently, SRI?s are more likely to result in coincidental unwanted side effects, such as weight gain, tiredness, dizziness, as well as blood pressure changes and even cardiac irregularities."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2002.
An overview of the causes and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a psychological disorder that causes the same stressful or alarming and worrisome thoughts to occur over and over, obsessively, in the mind of the person with the disorder.
Outline
What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
What is OCD Like?
How does One Get OCD?
How is OCD Diagnosed?
How is OCD Treated?
From the Paper
"Children tend to show specific patterns. They may avoid sharp things out of a concern regarding injuring self or others. OCD often makes a child appear to dawdle when the child is actually repeatedly checking or counting something. They may appear to daydream when they?re actually stuck in an obsessive thought. If they have hand-washing rituals, they may spend extended amounts of time in the bathroom. Repeated checking and insistence on a stylized perception of perfection can cause late schoolwork. There may be signs of many erasures on papers. It may be hard to spot these things, because people with OCD often work hard to hide their traits so no one will try to make them give them up (Gale Ency., 2001)."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2002.
A detailed exploration of the psychological disorder OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder).
1,692 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
OCD is a psychological problem which leads the person afflicted to act in an extremely compulsive manner, such as washing hands obsessively. The paper examines the causes and symptoms of the disorder and shows how these symptoms manifest in six different areas - washing, checking, religious obsession, counting, sexual obsession and violent obsessions. The paper discusses the outcome of the disorder, the affect on the family and various treatments available including therapy and medication.
From the Paper
"OCD has historically been difficult to treat. The various medications that were tried were ineffective and psychotherapy was not always successful. Over the years the mental health industry continued trying various treatment methods, while rejecting those that failed and by the early 1960?s there was at last some hope for those who suffered with OCD. The concepts that were laid as a foundation in the 1960?s were built on and by the 1980?s patients, who for years had been told there was no help were getting their symptoms under control for the first time in their lives. This is a promising answer, but the battle is not over. There are still 25 percent of OCD sufferers whose anxiety from the disorder does not go away."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2005.
This paper discusses the anxiety disorder called obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which was once considered a rare disorder but now is among the most common psychiatric diagnoses.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the DSM-IV-TR lists criteria for the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as: (1) Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses or images, which are intrusive, inappropriate and cause anxiety during the disturbance, (2) these cannot be excessive worries about real-life problems, (3) the person attempts to ignore, suppress or neutralize them with another thought or action and (4) the person recognizes that these obsessive thoughts, impulses or images are a product of his or her own mind. The author points out that the most common life event, which can lead to OCD, is a strict home environment while growing up. The paper examines the psychoanalytical and behavioral theories of causation of OCD, which relate directly to the selected treatment; however, the behaviorist's systematic-desensitization process is the most successful with a rate of 80% if maintained over several years.
From the Paper
"The course of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder is generally chronic, meaning life-long. However, the intensity of the symptoms fluctuates throughout life and occasionally has been reported to remit spontaneously. The most common event that leads to OCD becoming chronic, happens when the patient suppresses rituals because of the unusual symptoms. They usually become withdrawn and introverted as to hide their symptoms from others. This leads to depression which then leads to them getting treatment for that depression, which then in turn leads the psychologist to discover the more serious underlying cause of OCD. By the time the OCD is discovered it's usually too late and the OCD is already set in stone and becomes life-long."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2006.
This paper examines the causes and treatments of obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD).
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explores in-depth the various underlying causes of OCD which is diagnosed like all Neuropsychiatric disorders by history, physical symptoms and lab tests. OCD is diagnosed as a psychiatric disease characterized by obsessions, repetitive thoughts, compulsions and ritualistic behaviors. This paper also discusses the myriad of treatments and medications available in controlling this mental disorder.
Topics covered in this report include:
Introduction
Causes of OCD
Genetics
Abnormality of the Brain
Diagnosing OCD
Mistakes in Diagnosing OCD
Treating OCD
Footnotes
References
From the Paper
"A more controversial theory on what causes OCD may come from some research in the last couple of years on how infections can cause OCD. In order to explain why this theory has been considered, we must look at a similar problem with Strep. Rheumatic fever is a heart disease caused by a person getting Strep throat. In the process of their body's fighting off the disease, the person's body begins to have an autoimmune response to the bacteria. What happens is the person's body starts confusing the cells on the heart valves with the Strep bacteria."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2005.
An examination of the anxiety disorder known as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
OCD is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and/or repetitive behavior. This paper explains that no definitive cause for this condition exists, although serotonin brain uptake is thought to play a significant role. It shows that specific criteria exist for diagnosis of OCD. It discusses that effective treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder are available and that research is yielding new, improved therapies that can help most people with OCD and other anxiety disorders lead productive, fulfilling lives.
From the Paper
"Treatment of OCD in adults has demonstrated that medications are effective, and the existing studies of children with OCD using medications also tend to suggest some benefit (Angst et al., 2005). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are preferred over the other classes of antidepressants because the adverse effect profile is less prominent (Mataix-Cols et al., 2005). These SSRIs are considered to be the first-line medications for treatment of OCD. Fluoxetine and paroxetine have been demonstrated to be effective in controlled studies (Kaplan & Hollander, 2003). Most experts recommends trials with two or three of the SSRI medicines before switching to a different class of medication (Kaplan & Hollander, 2003). With all of these medicines, a large number of persons with OCD do not respond until 8-12 weeks of treatment. Approximately one third of patients do not respond to a particular SSRI, and the likelihood of responding drops significantly after 3 SSRI trials (Kaplan & Hollander, 2003)."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2006.
This paper offers an overview of obsessive-compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder.
1,747 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety driven mental illness that results in life altering behaviors and relates that it is the fourth most common psychiatric handicap or disability in the United States today. The paper discusses the symptoms, the available treatments and how one can live with the stigmas involved. The paper concludes that diagnosing and treating patients with OCD is vital to their health and well-being. New research continues to offer promising new revelations regarding OCD and other anxiety driven psychological disorders.
Outline:
Overview OCD/Diagnosis
Symptoms OCD
Treatment OCD
Living With The Stigma of OCD
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD is one of many treatable anxiety disorders that pose "significant mental health problems" and "impair social functioning and quality of life" for patients diagnosed with the disease (Valente, 2002: 125). Anxiety disorders like OCD are among the more common forms of psychiatric disorders, yet they often receive relatively little attention with regard to research and medical history (Valente, 2002). Rasmussen & Eisen (1992) define OCD as the "fourth most common" psychiatric handicap or disability in the United States today."
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Interventions for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses two methods of intervention applicable to working with children and young people with obsessive compulsive disorder.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Within the context of multi-disciplinary practice, relevant legislation and social policy, this essay outlines and evaluates two methods of intervention applicable to working with children and young people with a mental health disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The methods of intervention that are outlined and evaluated are cognitive behavioural therapy and opportunity led work. The essay also addresses the challenges inherent in practicing across different value bases and theoretical understandings of the medical and social model of mental health. Throughout the essay, an awareness of oppressive and discriminatory practice is present.
From the Paper
"There are two theoretical perspectives to take into consideration when working with people with mental health issues; the medical model and the social model. The medical model has a broad application however it does originally sit in the field of medicine. The medical model follows a general series of events; diagnosis stage, prescriptive stage and curative stage. The diagnostic stage is when the individual goes to see the professional, be it a doctor or a psychologist. The prescriptive stage is when the individual describes what is wrong with them or explains what is happening to them. The curative stage is the resolution stage where the professional attempts to find a solution to the problem. The medical model does not take into consideration any external forces such as family or social networks when dealing with the individual whereas the social model is based on these external influences on the individual. The medical model is defined by a set medical framework and this then defines how the individual will be viewed, this differs from social work as the interventions are always client led."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2003.
A review of childhood Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
2,760 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper studies obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children. The paper begins by discussing the lack of a precise known cause of OCD. Next the paper looks at treatment of a psychiatric condition that may be both neurobiological and psychological. The paper also examines the debilitating impact of this anxiety disorder and some solutions.
From the Paper
"Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD is a complicated and still puzzling psychiatric disorder that has been called one of the most debilitating of the anxiety disorders. Recent studies suggest that approximately..."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2005.
An overview of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in adults and children. The paper begins with a discussion of the etiology and prevalence of the disease. Next the paper reviews co-morbid diseases. The paper then focuses on the symptoms and treatment of OCD, with special emphasis on the role of the nurse as therapist and educator.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2000.
A comprehensive overview of obsessive- compulsive disorders.
2,675 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It explains the nature of this mental illness and discusses the two main theories about how it occurs. Treatment methods and their effectiveness are looked at. The writer concludes that behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment method.
From the Paper
"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that traps people in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors and must repeat certain actions over and over to relieve that stress or to obtain from danger. Pierre Janet described obsessive-compulsive disorder by using the term psychasthenia. Sigmund Freud described obsessions and compulsions as psychological defenses used to deal with sexual and aggressive conflicts in the unconscious mind (Bruce Bower: 1987). OCD is also known as ?The Doubting Disease,? because it?s as though the mind doesn?t register when the person does a certain action, which triggers the source of the obsession (USA Today:1995). Unlike most people with anxiety disorders, those diagnosed with OCD are more obsessed with what will happen to others instead of themselves (Edna Foa: 1995). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder occurs in a spectrum from mild to severe. At some point the person will see the actions or thoughts as unreasonable and senseless. All people have habits and routines, but what makes obsessive-compulsive people different is the fact that their obsessions and compulsions interfere with their daily lives (American Family Physician: 2000)."
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