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Observational Studies of Police, 2007.
This paper discusses the ethics and risks involved in the research of police officers.
2,731 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines observational studies of the police officer and the risks, including ethical risks, that one might face in the course of conducting such a study. The paper notes the danger that is presented in one 'going native' and losing his/her objectivity, thereby clouding the research. The paper reviews various studies about the risks in such a research initiative. This paper finds that optimally one would research from a more detached or objective view and certainly accompany an observational study of the police officer with other types of data and analysis methods. The paper concludes how it is clear that the observational study of the police officer is one with inherent risks that the researcher should be well-prepared for.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem of Access
Impartiality
Going Native
Overt Vs Covert
Ethics
How Reliable/How Valid
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another factor to consider is the confidentiality of the information one might obtain in the conduction of research and the fact that a court order might order disclosure compliance and simultaneously conflict with principles in research and ethics. Related in one report are two specific instances when a court order might demand confidential research information being disclosed. Those two situations are: "(1) When maintaining confidentiality would undermine a defendant's right to full answer and defense, and (2) When public safety is endangered. (Lowman and Palys, nd)"
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Police Case Study: The Easy-Money Department, 2007.
This paper discuses problems of leadership, communication and motivation in the police case study of the Easy-Money Department.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the lack of effective leadership, the absence of horizontal communication and the critical component of expectancy
motivation were the critical factors in the deviant organizational behavior that resulted in the degree of employee de-motivation depicted in the case of the Easy-Money department. The author points out that the failure of the division commander, who was the sole administrator of police services for that section, is evident in his inability to restructure his force and his unwillingness to accept the blame for what happened. The paper relates that expectancy theory of motivation holds that the consequential relationship between effort, performance, reward, expectancy, instrumentality and the value of a reward are all essential components of motivation, which are conspicuously absent in this case.
From the Paper
"The blunt fact is, however, that for whatever reasons, the Chief did
not demonstrate the two crucial behaviors of leadership: "consideration", ("concern for others") and "initiating structure" or in
this case, restructure. The result was that the personnel who comprised his force found themselves on a rudderless ship without anywhere to turn because the officer task force he formed to present "some"(!) of their concerns to the Divisional management was a pathetic effort and not really taken seriously by management, who did not allow them to remain throughout the Divisional meetings."
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Two Police Organizational Case Studies, 2007.
This paper compares two police organizational case studies: "Easy-Money Department A" and "The Police Department".
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that each case study concerns a specific department, which is a "subsystem" within a larger entity, that displays "deviant organizational behavior". The author points out that an accurate analysis of feasible solutions needs to reference the harmful external forces and inadequate internal responses that characterize both cases. The paper concludes that the effect of the decentralization process was not the primary cause of the Maidstone Field Office problems but rather these problems were the result of an
institutional inertia that did not encourage effective work. The author suggests that the police officers themselves should have been empowered to find the solution to the problems, which might have included replacing the division commander with a more proactive officer who is aware of his or her leadership role.
From the Paper
"The Easy-Money section of the Maidstone Field Office, a revenue-
producing department of a governmental ministry, has been the only
section singled out and adversely affected by the organization's new
policy of decentralization. Although decision-making is still centralized in the Head Office, it is unclear whether the Territory Managers or the Production Head Managers are responsible for operations in this section. This has resulted in an internal stalemate because the Field Office Manager, Mr. Jones, and the Audit Supervisor, Mr. Smith, are unable to work together."
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Police Technology ? Police Safety, 2004.
A thesis paper on the effects that technology has had, or has not had, on the job of a police officer.
3,285 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to address the question of whether or not the technological advances made in today's society have affected the police officer, and if they have, in what manner they have done so. The paper begins with an historical look at police officer safety and then delves into the greater focus of the paper regarding the effects, both negative and positive, of technology on police safety, as well as the evolution and development of technology used for police work.
Outline
Historical Facts of Police Officer Safety
The Creation of 911
The Community Policing Era:1970
The Role of the National Institute for Justice
in the Development of Law Enforcement Technology
New and Emerging Developments in Technology
Statistical Data
From the Paper
"The police officer?s job is one that is demanding as well as dangerous. From the routine traffic stop to the pursuit of someone armed and dangerous, the police officer depends on the technology and equipment that are the tools of his trade. The advancement of technology in the twentieth century was one of rapid acceleration and has proven to be effective both in the control as well as the perpetration of crime. The technology provided to the police officer is being at all times defended by offensive creations and implementations by the criminal element in society."
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Police Brutality and Monetary Judgments, 2006.
A case study on police brutality and the resulting lawsuits, and the effect these have on government agencies.
2,708 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses police brutality and whether financial damages awarded equals justice. The paper further discusses the different degrees of brutality and the frequency of occurrence. The writer looks into the potential damages to public agencies and whether town, city and county governments face bankruptcy or financial ruin because of these judgments against them. In conclusion the paper examines whether this need to sue reflects problems in society and whether there is a cultural basis for it.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions and Sub-Questions
Definition of Police Brutality
Limitations of Study
Brief Review of Related Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Part of the problem is most aspects of police abuse, its data collection and lawsuits resulting for "police brutality" is inadequate. Some cities do not even distinguish amounts paid in cases of misconduct, including excessive force, from damages arising because of traffic accidents. This allows lack of concrete data just allows the trend to continue. Other information includes a myriad of police actions not even associated with misconduct or monetary judgments, rather they are completely different police matters somehow thrown in the mix. For instance the data collection at Atlanta's police department had no system intact and one wonders why the agency out of cities surveyed pays the most lawsuits."
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Undercover Police, 2006.
This paper is a complete research study to evaluate the potential for crime among undercover police personnel.
10,820 words (approx. 43.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 214.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objective of this study is to establish that there is an increased risk of undercover officers crossing the line of legality, whether in the line of duty or otherwise. The author points out that, because of the lack of available empirical data from police sources, this study uses a meta-examination of published data from (1) M. Girodo's study of 271 undercover agents for indications of drug corruption, (2) FBI statistics on corruption cases, (3) Mieczkowski and Lersch's reported results of drug testing of police officers and recruits and (4) Girodo's study of self reported and observer reported dissociated states. The paper reports that the data indicated that undercover police officers are more likely to commit crimes than other police officers because there is a direct relation between drugs and corruption amongst police officers, undercover investigations are highly stressful environments and it is becoming increasingly more likely for an undercover agent to commit a crime in the line of duty. Many tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background of the Study
Problem Statement
Purpose and Objective of Study
Rationale
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Research Hypothesis
Summary of Remaining Chapters
Review of the Literature
Background of Undercover Police Operations
Psychological Studies of Undercover Work
Nature and Extent of Police Corruption.
Methodology
Description of the Subjects
Description of the Research Instruments
Results
Discussions, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Discussion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The traditional training techniques were strict and included such tactics as sleep deprivation, surprise exercises, social manipulations, eavesdropping, and so on to keep the trainee off-balance and ready for any circumstances, as well as to prepare them for the pressures of maintaining their false identities. These techniques simulate conditions that can cause the trainee to feel "less inhibited, less capable of self-regulation, and foster compliance and cult-type deindividuation." While these methods can achieve the desired result of helping the trainee slip into their new identity, they can also contribute to later health and misconduct problems in the field."
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Women Police Officers, 2004.
This paper is a complete research study of the recruitment and retention of women police officers.
7,725 words (approx. 30.9 pages), 77 sources, MLA, $ 168.95
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Abstract
This research paper is an observational study involving historical practices and a survey sampling qualified female officers and personnel working in Southern California law enforcement agencies. The author states that the study proves women are still being unfairly discriminated against in a majority of law enforcement agencies, even though the new contemporary model of community policing is attractive to many potential female candidates; yet, a majority of agencies have not enacted true measures to attract, retain, and promote female candidates. The paper stresses that job descriptions still target traditional models of police agents, those that emphasize strength and force over problem solving and communication skills.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Problem Statement (or Purpose)
Significance of the Study
Assumptions
Limitations
Review of Relevant Literature and Research
AS-IS Status: Reasons and Impact
Advantages of Women in Police
Traditional Hiring Methods
Research Methodology
Research Technique
Research Design
Sources of Data
The Data Gathering Instrument
Reliability
Validity
Results
Discussion
Recommendations
Instrument or Survey or Data Set
Proposed Project Schedule
Methodology Worksheet
From the Paper
"Another study reveals that police training instructors often have indicated that female officers are at an advantage over males in a variety of areas, most notably in their ability to have empathy toward others and ?interacting in a way that is not ?designed in a way to prove something.? Traditionally female officers have also reported greater interest and support for community policing, which as mentioned before is becoming the new emphasis in law enforcement agencies; female agents have also reported feeling less cynical, and in general have reported feeling more respectful in their view of citizens."
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Affirmative Action and the Police, 2006.
An assessment of affirmative action within the police force.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the morality and efficacy of following an affirmative action policy for making decisions regarding the hiring and promoting of police officers. The author bases his findings on a case study of the Pittsburgh police force, focusing in particular on the hiring of women.
I Introduction to Affirmative Action and the Pittsburgh Police Department
A. Affirmative Action as a Policy
B. Affirmative Action Under Attack
II The Pittsburgh Police Department
A. Statistics on New Cadets Over the Past Three Years
III The Importance of a Diverse Police Department
A. Moral Question
B. Psychologically Important for Victims and Witnesses
C. Psychologically Important for Young People
D. Potentially Better Suited for Job
IV Census Statistics
A. Population of Pittsburgh
B. Gender Breakdown of Pittsburgh
C. Racial Breakdown of Pittsburgh
D. Minority Officer/Resident Ratio in Pittsburgh
V Pittsburgh P.D.'s Policy Effect on Women
A. Number of Females in the Pittsburgh Police Department
B. Effect of the Policy Change on Number of Women in Pittsburgh Police Department
C. Comparison with Number of Female Police Officers in Other Large Cities
VI Police Department Hiring Procedures that are a Deterrent to Females and Minorities
A. Military Record
B. College Requirement
VII Conclusion
From the Paper
"Affirmative action. Only a few public policy issues, namely abortion and capital punishment, can evoke such strong opinions as affirmative action. Some say that it is an outdated policy that is no longer needed while other claim that affirmative action is needed now more than ever. Some claim that affirmative action is grounded in the constitution while others claim that the whole concept of affirmative action is unconstitutional. Today, affirmative action policies are under attack. Universities are under fire for using race as a component in admission processes as are private companies making hiring decisions based on race. Every day in the news seems to bring more news of affirmative action. How then is a company or a local government to handle this policy? Some have taken the steps of reaffirming affirmative action, private schools claiming that they will continue the policy even if the courts make it illegal for public schools to do so. Companies, striving to be as community-friendly as possible saying that they will continue to be blind in their hiring process, while other institutions and local governments have gotten rid of affirmative action altogether."
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Police Informants in the U.K., U.S.A. and Australia, 2004.
This paper reports and highlights the issues on the management of the police informants undertaken in Australia, United Kingdom and United States of America.
12,200 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 36 sources, MLA, $ 235.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to see how different countries handle police informants and face up to the problems associated with their use, especially those that lead to miscarriages of justice. Moreover, there have been only limited studies on police informants, most of which are greater than five years old. Since the use of police informants is widespread, and often vital in some police investigations, a thorough examination of how they are used is beneficial to understanding their unique role.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Rationale For the Study
Relevance of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Background
The Problem of the Human Source
Motivation
Criticisms/Problematic Issues of Informants Use
Ownership Issues
Legal Limitations
Australia
Becoming an Informant
Management Techniques
United Kingdom
Management Techniques
Safeguarding the Informant
United States of America
Becoming an Informant
Management Techniques
The Approach Utilized
Data Gathering and Utilizing Method
Comments on the Originality and Limitations of Data
Discussion
Differences
Themes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All the informants are encouraged to expand their abilities, knowledge and suppleness through incessant learning. They give a wide variety of development opportunities to provide them for novel roles and to hold up the individual development plans that are an essential part of the evaluation system (Goldstein, 1987). On joining, all the informants enter a prearranged introduction program geared toward the work they are to take on. Informant officers pursue programs encompassing courses, work experience, as well as one-to-one mentoring. A number of expert staff arrives with the necessary experience and knowledge to take up assignments immediately, at the same time as others might undergo rigorous training (Goldstein, 1987)."
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Ethnic Police Officers.
This paper discusses the effect of ethnic police offices on the overall police culture in the U.K..
4,765 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while white male officers continue to form the majority population of the British police force, the hiring patterns over the past years have brought many women, blacks, Hispanics and Asians onto the police forces. Each of these groups brings with it a variety of cultural traits that become police sub-cultures. The author points out that today's leaders believe the composition of the police force and the police workshops should reflect the ethnic diversity of Britain which will enable the constabularies to offer a more sensitive service to the minority ethnic groups, to foster a positive view of the context within which the members of these groups are positioned and to improve the quality of their relationships with them. The paper relates that the Self-Categorization theory, a social psychological theory developed by John Turner and colleagues, states that at different times, a person perceives him or herself as a unique individual and, at other times, as a member of various groups and all of which are equally valid expressions of self: The degree to which a person defines him or herself is both flexible and antagonistic.
From the Paper
"When looking at the concept of organizational culture among police officers, many paradoxes arise. Existing literature focuses mainly on police deviance caused by the existence of cultural traits. Many organizations spend a great deal of time and effort to encourage these same traits in their members. For instance, solidarity among the "rank and file" is seen as the primary reason for police deviant conduct. However, solidarity also provides the basis for exemplary organizational cooperation and teamwork in addition, many police take great pride in the mission of police work, due to its uniqueness and potential to make a difference. At the same time, organizationally, police tend to isolate themselves from their communities, often becoming arrogant and consumed with maintaining the organization for the sake of the force."
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"Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force", 2002.
A review of Jerome Skolnick's and James Fyfe's "Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force" on police excessive force and police brutality.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This essay reviews James Skolnick's and James Fyfe's "Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force". It discusses the authors' examination of police excessive force and police brutality. In their view, the answer to this problem lies in better accountability. The paper adds a sociological perspective, arguing that police excessive force is related to the phenomenon of social control. The existence of prisons, for instance, necessitate police excessive force, since social elites have a need to criminalize a certain portion of the population.
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Police Behavior in America, 2002.
This paper looks at the debate over police behavior and police brutality in America.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the nature of police behavior and looks at why it reveals some disconcerting elements of abuse in the way that they treat citizens. By addressing these issues, the writer demonstrates the nature of police brutality in America.
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African-American Police Officers in the U.S., 2001.
This paper looks at the way in which black police officers have been slowly working their way to becoming highly respected and equal members of the police force, the past several decades.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The following paper traces the history of discrimination against African-American police officers from the system, their peers and society. The author traces this discrimination according to several aspects: the hurdles after the war, black police groups, police brutality, gains in law enforcement and measures to fight discrimination.
From the paper:
"W. Marvin Delaney portrays the black experience in American police departments from the post-Civil War period until today in his book, Black Police in America. The book follows black police officers from a time when they were treated as inferior officers to the present, where many of the nations? top law enforcers are colored".
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Roles of Police Chief, 2007.
This paper explores the many roles of the Chief of Police.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in addition to there being differences between the ways in which the position of Chief of Police is handled from one jurisdiction to the next, and between cities and county areas, there are also consistent differences between the functional role of the Chief of Police in a "big city" versus a "small town." The writer points out for example, that in a small town, the Chief of Police may be the only real police officer. In this case, a paid Chief of Police would have a staff of volunteers to help with paperwork and other duties. The writer notes that in contrast, in a big city, the Chief of Police is the boss of many thousands of sworn police officers that serve on the force, as well as thousands of other paid civil employees that work for the police department. In this paper the writer looks at the various roles of the Chief of Police.
From the Paper
"According to Javert Wilkinson, a police officer that has served in both a Northern city and a Southern small town, there are very notable differences between the job roles of a Chief of Police in each environment. In a small town, the Chief of Police is like the captain of a larger police department, and he directly supervises the officers that are actually going out on the street. In a small town, the Chief of Police is also likely in charge of administrative decisions, such as what kinds of cars and guns to buy and in what quantity. The small town Chief of Police often also has to secure funding from the local government to run the police force. He would also probably have field supervisors report to him, but he would not spend much time out of the office or on the street, unless it was a very small town in which there very few or no other police officers. However, in a big city, the Chief of Police is more a politician than a street cop."
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Police and Society, 2007.
This paper explores policing in America today and the challenges American police officers face in the future.
2,020 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that understanding the history of policing helps make sense out of modern police departments' policing. The paper looks at administration, patrols as well as challenges officers and administrators face in the future, including implementing community-oriented policing. The paper discusses the public perception of modern police departments and what can be done to improve this perception. The paper concludes that it must change to meet the changing needs of society and citizens. Modern police officers face many more challenges than their early counterparts did; terrorism, violent crimes, and drugs take up much of the police officer's attention. The paper concludes that remaining adaptable and open to change are probably two of the best essentials a police officer can possess.
From the Paper
"Policing in America has become increasingly complex as rural areas merge into large cities, and large cities expand their scope and influence. Funding for most police departments in America falls short of public need, and police officers face challenges and dangers on the streets - and off them as well. Policing in America is ever evolving, as the history of policing shows. Only one thing is absolutely certain. Policing will change and grow as America continues to grow and evolve."
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