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Obesity in America, 2008.
This paper examines the issues of obesity in America, focusing on the youth.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer notes that there can scarcely be any question that obesity is a growing problem among American youth and a growing concern in the United States. Most of all, the simple reality is that there is no clear consensus on what factor contributes more so than any other to the rapid spread of obesity among young Americans. The writer discusses that some scholars favor the idea of physical inactivity as the cause, while others emphasize diet and still others insist that genetics are at play. The writer maintains that the uncertainty or ambiguity around the problem is brought into sharp relief by the fact that all of these factors undoubtedly play a role; we just do not know the precise extent to which each plays a role.
Outline:
Introduction
Obesity is a Growing Concern in the United States
Defining the Issue
Establishing that it is an Open-Ended Problem
Theory One
Theory Two
Theory Three
Discussion and Critical Evaluation of the Evidence
Quality of the Evidence
Conclusion: Solutions, Limitations and Recommendation
From the Paper
"The "Obesity as a Disease" perspective. Many individuals find evidence put forward in defense of this thesis problematic inasmuch as many people who have overweight parents do not become overweight themselves; the converse is also true. The problem with this evidence is also that, with such a strong correlation between physical activity and diet and obesity, there appear to be other factors which merit greater regard from academics. At the same time, the National Institute of Health and the World Health Organization (Edlin, 2004) both recently designated obesity as a disease - even though this designation, as Hwaley's 2006 work attests, has met with scrutiny among scholars who believe that obesity does not fit the criteria for being called a disease."
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Obesity and the Culture of Thinness In North America, 2005.
A discussion of eating disorders in North America.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how cultural beliefs, gender issues and sexual politics are all contributing factors to the relationship between eating disorders and the culture of thinness in North America. The paper discusses the issues that make analyzing this relationship complicated as well as the fact that most studies tend to concentrate on women only. Understanding this relationship could contribute to better preventive interventions.
From the Paper
"Analysis of the relationship between obesity (food and the withholding of food) and the culture of thinness in the North American region is necessarily complicated by the size of the geographic/population area to be covered, as well as variations in the patterns of consumptions and ideals of beauty across the continental space. Moreover, it is also necessary to recognize that this is a gendered area of study in that, as almost all studies on the culture of thinness and its relationship to eating disorders in North America note, this is a "female" issue."
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Fast Food and Obesity, 2004.
Reviews different literature concerning the problem of obesity in America.
1,492 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the article by Eric Schlosser, "Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal", which asserts that fast food is a major contributor to the obesity problem in America. Other articles on the subject are then examined, which have concluded that there are other factors just as significant, if not more so, that have contributed to America's obesity problem. The paper argues that there are a great many factors that need to be considered when studying the problem of obesity in America.
From the Paper
"Everyone seems to agree that the "fattening" of America carries a tremendous cost, both to individuals and society. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that more than half of all Americans are either overweight or clinically obese and that the medical costs associated with obesity approach $117 billion dollars annually. Yet, there?s no general consensus on whose fault the problem is or what to do about it. Theories on causes of obesity range from damning condemnations of the fast food industry, overworked Americans who have no other choice but to eat on the run, genetic factors that we can?t control, lack of exercise, psychological issues such as depression and low self-esteem, and poor consumer choices regarding their food intake, just to name a few candidates. While it seems to be fashionable lately to latch onto a single scapegoat, the truth is more likely to be that some or all of these factors, depending on the individual, come together to form the perfect storm that leads to severely overweight Americans."
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Obesity In Children, 2002.
A report on the problem of obesity in America with particular emphasis on obesity in children and the medical complications arising from obesity.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Obesity is a major problem in America. Children are becoming obese and this will lead to obesity as an adult. Obesity can lead to serious disease in children such as diabetes. It is time that America take action and stop obesity in children.
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Obesity Epidemic, 2006.
This paper argues the case for an income tax for obese people in America.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that $122.9 billion is the estimated annual cost of obesity in America. Directly related costs account for $64.1 billion, and indirect costs cover the remaining $58.8 billion. The writer points out that direct costs are associated with prevention, diagnostic, and treatment expenses. Indirect costs are attributed to lost wages, sick pay, and earnings lost due to premature death. The writer further notes that obesity is expected to soon surpass the number of deaths caused by tobacco and take the lead position as the number one preventable cause of death in the U.S. The writer maintains that it is time for the Federal government to take action and educate the public about the effects of obesity and to tax those that are obese. The writer concludes that the solution to obesity is education and prevention of excessive weight gain, and for funds that would be generated from a tax on obesity to be put towards preventative education programs and the national healthcare budget.
From the Paper
"The idea of a tax on fast food has recently been in the news. This ideal of taxing fast food if enacted, would have minimal effects on obesity and would be devastating to our economy. Fast food companies would be hit hard, plummeting sales would force them to close stores and layoff many people. The deep-pocketed fast food industry would also fight tooth and nail against any tax of this kind. Although this tax would slow down America's junk food purchases, this would only be short-term solution. Eventually people would get accustomed to paying the higher price for the food they desire and consumption rates would rise again. A tax on fast food also punishes those who are not obese. Almost everyone has stopped at a fast food restaurant at some point in their lives, including those that are not obese. People that are not obese should not have to pay for those that are. Many people will also blame fast food for solely causing obesity, but this is wrong. Anything in excess will cause health problems. For example, taking too many vitamins can cause health issues like poisoning and organ failure. A fast food tax is a misplaced solution to America's obesity, and the U.S. government should shift their attention towards prevention and education."
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Obesity, 2004.
A look at the primary cause of obesity in America.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how advanced technology, so readily available in America, is the primary cause of obesity among American citizens. The paper gives some examples of technology that have contributed to this growing public concern and points out that educating parents and their children about healthful lifestyles is the most effective way to fight this trend.
From the Paper
"Recent attention has been given to the growing number of obese Americans. In a nation notorious for technological advancements, the American population is also becoming popular for its growing girth. The primary cause of obesity in America can be traced to the evolution of technology. Everything we have invented to make our lives easier has also made us lazier. With the invention of vehicles, we stopped walking so much. Individuals prefer to stay indoors and watch television rather than go outside. Fast food is often selected over preparing meals in the kitchen strictly because of the convenience it provides. In fact, our technological advancements have made it possible to never leave the house for days. Considering these factors, it is no wonder that Americans are becoming fatter and unhealthy. While many would like to blame their ?genes? for this condition, it appears that obesity is a condition that is learned over years rather than inherited. Parents who have bad eating and exercising habits cannot help but teach their children the same habits."
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Obesity, 2003.
Discusses the concept of obesity from an anthropological point.
1,834 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
Although the primary function of a culture is to help a society deal with its problems and thus ensure survival, cultural success does not necessarily yield biological success. The paper shows that one of the fundamental principles in anthropology is the holistic perspective. An ethnographer uses this viewpoint to understand a cultural system through all of its ?cultural institutions- social, political, economic, etc.? The paper shows that by analyzing various cultural factors in America, one can discern that the growing prevalence of obesity among Americans is due largely to their culture. In other words, we live in a society that discourages obesity, yet all of our cultural institutions support it. By comparing American culture to that of other countries the world over and by using the holistic perspective, the paper shows that the rise of obesity in America over the past twenty years is due to the media, lifestyle and productive economy in the U.S. today.
From the Paper
"The effects of American culture on eating habits and obesity are more obviously noted by studying immigrants in the United States. For example, numerous studies conducted by anthropologists at the University of Michigan have found that ?Asian American and Hispanic adolescents are over twice as likely to be obese as first-generation immigrants? to America (Smith 994). Moreover, an in depth ethnography of Maya-American children, assesses that immigration to America increases the likelihood that children will develop obesity. By comparing the average BMI across samples of Maya-American children and Mayan Children, anthropologists were able to determine that the Maya-American children have higher average BMI than do Maya children living in Guatemala. This is a reflection of the fact that the Maya-American children?s diet and physical activities changed dramatically under Western influence. Most notably, the Maya-American children reported TV and video games as their favorite leisure activities and claimed to eat unhealthy American fast-food regularly (Smith 999). By studying the effects that American culture has on the lifestyle of U.S immigrants, anthropologists have been able to confirm that U.S. culture does, indeed, cause obesity and have gone further to pinpoint what the major contributing factors of American culture are."
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Obesity, 2004.
An extensive analysis of the growing epidemic of obesity in the United States.
5,293 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper claims that it is becoming obvious that there are numerous causes for the obesity epidemic in America, ranging from easy accessibility of food of all sorts, diminished opportunities to walk as part of daily life, invention of attractive sedentary activities such as computer game playing, genetic factors and possibly others as yet undiscovered. The paper contends that in order to change this process, the attention and cooperation of adult Americans is needed. The paper assesses that pointing out the immediacy of the problems caused by obesity is a place to start; educating American adults about the most effective food choices is another, as is encouraging exercise. The paper explains that because the connection between the myriad health problems is not of concern to most Americans, until they have experienced ill health, it might be necessary not to frighten them away from ineffective behaviors, but to reward them for adopting effective ones. With the cost of obesity to the nation as a whole, it would seem worthwhile to investigate the possibility of rewarding companies for creating foods that more closely follow the updated guidelines and rewarding citizens for participating in nutritional education and exercise programs that enhance, rather than damage, health.
Outline
Introduction
Pockets of Obesity
Obesity in Adults
Obesity in Youth
Children in WIC Program
Costs of Overweight and Obesity in Georgia
Epidemic Proportions
Etiology of Overweight and Obesity
Effects of Obesity and Overweight
Reducing the Incidence of Obesity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are various concepts concerning the development of overweight and obesity, from the purely genetic to the purely environmental to a combination of the two. Spence-Jones notes that "The chronic nature of obesity develops as a result of the interaction between an individual's genetic structure, cultural influences, lifestyle behaviors, and other environmental factors" (2002). As subsets of those findings, Spence-Jones notes that some view obesity as a behavioral problem based on poor nutritional knowledge and poor eating habits, along with scant exercise. Acknowledging that possibility, Spence-Jones notes that society has experienced increased reliance on motor vehicles because of urban sprawl, removing significant daily walking from human behavior in those areas. In addition, such leisure activities as video games and computer surfing have increased the number of hours people spend in sedentary activities. In addition, Spence-Jones notes, some believe the abundance and easy accessibility of 'junk' food has contributed to the problem, as has advertising: "The food industry spends an estimated $26 billion on annual advertisement" (Spence-Jones 2002) and much of it is for fast-food chains and snack foods."
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Public Health and Obesity, 2007.
An analysis of the epidemiological principals of obesity and the case for deeming obesity a public health issue.
896 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses epidemiological principles in identifying who is affected by obesity. It also looks at what constitutes obesity, its changing trend over time and where obesity is most prevalent. The paper analyzes the literature regarding the epidemiology of obesity and examines the case that is made for deeming obesity a public health issue worldwide.
From the Paper
"As there are many diseases associated with obesity as a risk factor, causality must be determined between obesity and the disease. For example, obesity is one component of metabolic syndrome, which is a syndrome comprised of insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In a cross-sectional study by Yoo, Niklas, Baranowski, Zakeri, Jau-Yang, Srinivasan et al (2004) attempted to explore the relation between metabolic syndrome risk factor acquisition and diet in young adults. 1181 young adults aged 19-38 were risk-stratified (no risk, 1-2 risk factors and 3 or more risk factors) and their dietary habits recorded using a self-administered food group consumption questionnaire, where the group with no risk factors tended to consume more fruits, fruit juices and vegetables than those with 1-2 risk factors (3.30 +/- 0.09 vs. 2.99 +/- 0.07 servings per day; p < 0.05) (Yoo, Niklas, Baranowski, Zakeri, Jau-Yang, Srinivasan et al, 2004). In addition, this study also found that sweetened beverage intake among whites with one or more risk factors (1.45 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.77 +/- 0.07 and 2.22 +/- 0.15 servings per day, respectively, in men; 1.26 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.05 and 1.78 +/- 0.13 servings per day, respectively, in women; P < 0.001) was significantly higher compared to subjects without risk factors, and was not significant in African Americans (Yoo, Niklas, Baranowski, Zakeri, Jau-Yang, Srinivasan et al, 2004)."
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Obesity, 2005.
An overview of the problem of obesity in America, which some say is reaching epidemic proportions.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of obesity in America, looks at some of its causes and the effects of obesity, discusses some of the treatments and programs available to fight obesity, and looks at ways to prevent obesity.
Introduction to Obesity
Causes and Effects of Obesity
Treatment and Programs for Obesity
Obesity Prevention: Conclusions and Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), in 2000, the majority of American adults were either overweight or obese (CDCP, 2004). Obesity is best defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. (Stunkard, p14) The amount of body fat (or adiposity) includes concern for both the distribution of fat throughout the body and the size of the adipose tissue deposits. Body fat distribution can be measured by skinfold measures, waist-to-hip circumference ratios, or a variety of other techniques, including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging."
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Childhood Obesity, 2008.
An overview of the issues concerned with childhood obesity with a focus on San Diego, California.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that childhood obesity is reaching epidemic proportions all over the United States. The paper then explains that obesity can be controlled by the individual who experiences it and that, although some individuals might be unable to control obesity caused by physical factors, they might be able to reduce other factors that cause obesity. The paper then discusses how, for that reason, the city of San Diego has instituted some measures that may reduce the incidence of childhood obesity in the area. This paper then focuses on some of the causes of childhood obesity and suggests some ways for families to address the issue.
Outline:
Childhood Obesity Overview
Causes of Obesity
Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Berry et al. (2004) explains that diet and exercise, as well as nutritional education, have all been proven to have an influence both on weight loss and on preventing obesity. Restricting calorie intake is proven to create the negative energy balance required to lose weight, while increased activity both enhances the speed of the weight loss and increases the probability that weight will remain off (Berry et al., 2004). One weight loss diet mentioned in the article is the "traffic light diet," also known as the glycemic index diet. This diet color codes dietary components by the number of fat grams that they contain. This diet, according to the authors, has been shown to produce a "significant short-term decrease in obesity," while it encourages improved eating patterns (Berry et al., 2004, p. 432). "
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Childhood Obesity, 2007.
An examination of how childhood obesity affects society both in the present and in the future.
1,732 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how childhood obesity rates are continuing to rise and how effective actions need to occur to prevent childhood obesity and lower rates of obesity. The paper looks at how many factors contribute to childhood obesity and how there are many prevention strategies. It also examines how obesity increases the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma and many other chronic diseases. The paper contends that childhood obesity not only affects the parents and the children, but everyone, including the money spent on obesity related healthcare. This epidemic is changing our society, and America needs to wake up and change how the food industry is working right now.
From the Paper
"Moreover, childhood obesity can have a big impact on the child's health. Type II diabetes was referred as Adult diabetes because adults were the ones who were mainly affected and were at risk for this disease, however since so many children are being affected by this disease it is now referred to as Type II diabetes. "The parallel increase of obesity in children and adolescents is reported to be the most significant factor for the rise in diabetes" (American Obesity Association). Childhood obesity can also lead to asthma as well as hypertension; obese children are nine times more likely to suffer from hypertension than a non-obese child (American Obesity Association). Children who are obese can also suffer from orthopedic conditions because their bones are not strong enough to hold the excess weight their bodies have."
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Obesity in Ethnic American Women, 2004.
An analysis of why obesity is prevalent among African-American and Hispanic women.
2,658 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Much research and many studies have been conducted to examine the increasing phenomenon of obesity among youth and adults in many countries around the world. With the United States and England as the two nations having the highest growth rate of people with obesity, research and studies on obesity have focused on the comparison and analysis of people in these nations grouped into classes of age, race, and socio-environment. This paper is a literature review on the subject of obesity. This review gathers information and data from previous research and studies, journals and articles, which cover an analysis and discussion of obesity among women across Hispanic and African-American ethnic groups. It gathers information about why the prevalence of obesity within these groups is significantly higher than other groups. To enable further and better understanding of the topic, this paper includes a discussion of the causes and effects of obesity and the obesity treatments that are medically available.
From the Paper
"Obesity has been a growing concern of many health care professionals around the world for some decades now. A multitude of treatment methods and medical procedures are being studied in the field of medicine to cease the uncontrollable growth rate of people who develop over-eating disorders, or what is commonly known as Obesity.
Medically, the main concern of health professionals regarding obesity is the threat it poses to the diverse aspects of an individual?s health. Obesity is found to be the root cause of many health
problems and diseases such as hypertension, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Aside from these, the well being of an individual?s behavioral, psychological, and sociological aspects are significantly affected by obesity."
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Content Analysis of Childhood Obesity, 2008.
This essay analyzes the problem of childhood obesity and includes a working definition of childhood obesity, a look at its causes and effects, and suggestions for solving the problem.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the problem of childhood obesity and is based on a systems analysis approach to the problem. The author first defines the key terms that are involved in the problem of childhood obesity, and then determines how the problem as a whole can be dealt with. The author concludes that child obesity is a significant problem in modern society fortified by mass media, but that there must be more active familial responsibility in order to correct childhood obesity.
From the Paper
"Although this is a systems analysis, the role of cause and effect cannot be overlooked. The problem of childhood obesity cannot be solved without looking at what might cause this problem. What are some of these causes? Many experts who study nutrition and diet have concluded that a big cause is today's culture. First, people want things quickly and done easily, as their time seems to be limited. As a result of this cause, parents give their children too much "fast food" and other types of prepackaged and prepared foods that are often highly unhealthy and filled with fats and cholesterol. The second cause is today's high-tech media, which gives many people, including children, a very "sedentary" or nonactive life style."
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Obesity, Weight Loss, and Relationships, 2004.
Qualitative study of obese persons and their partners.
25,208 words (approx. 100.8 pages), 167 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper attempts to identify the particular problems that arise from obesity and how they affect the couple relationship. The paper is a qualitative study that looks at the experiences of obesity and weight loss from the standpoint of the obese individual, their non-obese partner, and the couple.
Overview of the Study
Introduction to the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Need for the Study
Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms
Research Questions
Literature about the Problem of Obesity
Hypothesized Interactional Patterns
Obesity and Poor Self/Body Image
Weight and Self-Esteem/Body Image
The Link Between Mind and Body
Psychopathology and Psychological Distress
on the Individual and Within the Marital Relationship
Obesity as a Mental Disorder
Obesity, Marital Satisfaction, and Intimacy in the Couple Relationship
Obesity, Psychopathology, and Marital Satisfaction in the Couple
Relationship
Obesity and Sexuality in the Couple Relationship
Obesity and Partner Support
PhotoTherapy
Rationale for the Methodology
Semi-Structured Interviews
Population, Setting and Sample
Subjects
Procedure
Instruments
Researcher Information and Biases
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Trustworthiness of the Data
From the Paper
"Literature about the problem of obesity indicates that it is attributable to a host of other problems that likewise contribute to the pain and suffering of these individuals. This includes problems with physical health, as well as emotional difficulties, and these will be covered in Chapter Two. Many of these problems are psychological in nature; however, the psychological problems that come from being obese can be equally, or even more, destructive to the individual than the largely recognized physiological problems. Both the experience of obesity and the treatment of weight loss need to be focused upon if the associated psychological effects and problems are to be identified and treated. Unchecked, these problems can help to perpetuate the cycle of obesity and weight loss, maintaining the high rate of recidivism associated with weight loss treatment programs."
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