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Nursing Role in Preventing Medication Errors, 2008.
A look at the role of professional nurses in the prevention of medication- related errors.
1,312 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the role of the nursing profession in the prevention of medication-related errors in any hospital. The author provides an account of the procedures in place and concludes with the statement that although internal challenges exist, the external challenges can be remedied, albeit slowly.
From the Paper
"Apart from administering medications, they are responsible for the preparation, labeling, and identification of the patient to whom it is given. With regard to this a mnemonic to aid in making sure errors do not occur in medication administration has been created based on six rights: right patient, right medication, right amount, right route, right time and right charting. Firstly, the correct person must be paired with the correct medication. The medication in turn, must be of the correct effective dose to produce a therapeutic effect; underdosing is evidently ineffective in producing any type of change in clinical course whereas overdosing may have an impact on one or more organ systems that benefit or are harmed by its presence, or clear it from the body. The correct route of delivery must also be determined, as this may affect a drug's effectiveness, particularly in the case of oral medications as they are metabolized and rendered chemically inert by the liver in the case of most drugs. The right timing of a drug must also be followed, as therapeutic levels of a drug within the body must be maintained for a given period of time to have the desired effect in vivo. Proper acknowledgment of a medication order by the physician must be documented. In the same light, documentation of administration of the drug must be carried out in a patient's chart. With the advent of technology that bypasses paper chart orders such as through the telephone or computer, documentation must still be carried out without fail."
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Preventing Medication Errors, 2006.
A discussion on fatal errors in hospitals and how they can be avoided.
1,237 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the prevention of medication errors in the healthcare environment, particularly with elderly individuals and older adults who may need help in taking their medication in a hospital setting and where medication errors are perhaps more serious. It details the many things that hospitals can do to reduce the likelihood of medication mistakes by staff members and analyzes how practical and successful these methods are.
From the Paper
"In terms of analysis of this issue, there are many things that hospitals can do to reduce the likelihood of medication mistakes by staff members whether they are physicians, nurses, or other healthcare professionals. First of all as mentioned the healthcare provider can provide education on a continuous basis to its employees. Many people after they get out of nursing school don't remember all of the complicated drug interactions and medication interactions which are constantly changing as well. So displaying these in an easy to read chart format predominantly in the hospital can keep the information easily at hand to reduce errors. Also as mentioned there is the technique of color coding or bar coding medications and patients, to separate them from each other and to make the medications match being the predominant issue here. These are systems which have advanced far beyond traditional color coding and gone to a bar code system which is registered in a networked computing environment system. "All meds have a bar code on them, and the patient ID band also has one," Sublett says. "We have an online system, and when a nurse pulls up the screen, it highlights the meds to give. Then you scan all the meds, and if one is wrong, the system alerts you. If it is all right, you scan the bracelet and get an immediate warning if it's not the right patient" (Bar, 2005). It is assumed that even if some nurses use dubious methods of getting through school because they don't know what is going on, once out in the field they are quickly going to be found incompetent if they can't do something like scanning a bracelet right and matching patient medication. However, as mentioned, human error seems to be ultimately a variable that cannot be left out of any equation, in many cases even due to administrative oversight.
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Reducing the Incidence of Medication Errors, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons for and the ways to prevent medication errors in the healthcare setting.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of medication errors. It describes the most common types and causes of medication errors and discusses the impact of medication errors on patient care. The paper then provides some strategies that can be used in virtually any healthcare setting in order to help reduce the number of medication errors that occur and therefore improve patient care.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Definition of Medication Error
Causes of Medication Errors
Impact on Client Care
Strategies to Prevent Medication Errors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research and empirical observations suggest that because healthcare professionals are just human, medication errors will happen and the consequences of such errors can be severe. The research also showed, though, that nursing staff in particular can benefit from the above-stated five "rights" to help them avoid some of the most common types of medication errors which were shown to include improper dosages, the wrong drugs and the wrong route of administration. Because the consequences of medication errors can be so dire, it is vitally important for all healthcare providers to take the time necessary to use the strategies outlined above to help guide them in the proper preparation, dispensing and administration of all medications."
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Medication Administration Errors, 2004.
An examination of what nurses perceive as the causative factors contributing to medication administration errors.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, too often, health care systems do not take the time necessary to define causative factors for medication administration errors and how, rather, it is more convenient to simply assign blame. It looks at how studies suggest that medication administration errors are on the rise and how far more errors happen than are currently reported. It proposes a study to investigate how health care systems contribute to medication administration errors and to better define exactly what critical factors are most to blame for those errors. It aims to examine the notion that systematic errors are in large part to blame for administration errors, rather than individual errors. It also intends to develop a framework for identifying potential causes for errors, thus supplying nursing care professionals much needed tools to enable them to prevent such errors.
Outline
Introduction
Background of Problem
Significance of the Problem
Problem Statement
Conceptual Framework
Preliminary Literature Review
Method
Research Design
Data Collection Procedure
Ethical Considerations
From the Paper
"In a health care environment, a system may be defined as the following: an integrated delivery system, a centrally owned multi-hospital system, an operating room, an obstetrical unit or an oncology unit (NAP, n.d.: 45). To understand how errors might happen in a system, one must first examine the more far reaching elements of a system. For example, the operating room can be tied to the larger surgical department, which is part of a hospital, which is ?part of a larger health care delivery system? (NAP, n.d.:45). This makes the process of identifying an error within the system more challenging, because there are greater areas to examine."
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Medication Errors, 2005.
This paper is based on an ethical case study of a nurse and preceptor who makes a medication error.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that medication errors extend to the very core issues of nursing. The author points out that the nurse and preceptor, who made the medication error in this case, involves the nursing student by asking her to ignore the error and say nothing. The paper relates that it is very clear that this individual is not suitable to be a nurse or a preceptor and that she should be reported.
From the Paper
"Every situation involving a medication error is a serious matter and a potential legal case (Smetzer, 1998). Medication errors extend to the very core issues of nursing. The most pertinent of those issues is accountability. "In the legal sense, if one is accountable, one is liable to be called to account for the extent to which the actions taken were consistent with the nurse's responsibilities" (Snowdon & Rajacich, 1993, p. 5). In this situation (#2), only two options are available. As will be demonstrated, the only option which conforms to the concept of accountability is the second choice."
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Medical Errors, 2005.
How mandatory reporting systems and computer technology are addressing the issue of medical errors.
8,105 words (approx. 32.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a detailed look at what the health care industry is doing in order to combat the current crisis of deaths due to preventable medical errors. The paper also examines the benefits and challenges to the system, which the health care industry is implementing to deal with the problem, and provides recommended guidelines for improving patient safety.
Table of Contents
Medical Errors Background Information
Stakeholders
Type of Errors
Mandatory Reporting Systems
Challenges
Legal Protection of Error Information
Public Disclosure of Errors
Legislation
Patient Involvement
Recommended Guidelines
Elements Impacting Mandatory Reporting Costs
The Mandatory System at Work: Florida and NY
Use and Analysis of Data: Florida
Use and Analysis of Data: New York
Cost Analysis of Reporting Programs
From the Paper
"The solution is to crate an atmosphere in hospitals that fosters less blame, not more, according to the IOM report. A blue-ribbon pane appointed by the IOM argues that the failure to acknowledge and analyze mistakes deprives hospitals of important information that could help prevent similar mistakes in the future. However, many in the healthcare industry argue that mandatory reporting of errors will foster an atmosphere of lawsuits and backlash by the public. The end results would be increased costs, higher insurance premiums, and an overall distrust of hospitals and other healthcare facilities."
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Medication, Errors and Technology, 2008.
This paper looks at the electronic medication administration record (E-MAR) system of medication administration.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the E-MAR that consists of a combination bedside medication administration tool and electronic medication administration record (E-MAR) which is designed to provide safety and flexibility in medication administration. The writer explains that the primary function of bar-coded medication administration is to reduce medication errors at the point of care. The E-MAR makes use of bar-code scanning technology which scans the patient's ID, identifies the caregiver and the medication. The writer then discusses advantages and disadvantages to the use of the E-MAR. The writer notes that the most significant benefit of the E-MAR is that it greatly reduces the potential for drug errors. The writer concludes that bar-coded medication administration should be adopted because of its contribution to optimal patient safety.
Outline:
Benefits of the E-MAR
Disadvantages
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The system contains its own built-in decision making tools related to certain medications. It is also designed to conform to regulatory compliance. Use of the E-MAR assists in preventing drug interactions as well as missed doses. These tasks are achieved through reminders received at the nurses' station that display a window of opportunity for effective dose administration along with identifying critical drugs that require priority administration. The system is designed to capture pre- and post-dosage clinical charting. The E-MAR identifies the patient to the system, and determines the medications that have been ordered. The system then checks for allergies and drug interactions, and reviews the dosing schedule. The E-MAR also can manage its own inventories for medication supplies on the floor.
"The E-MAR system assists in documentation since it provides reminders related to charting, assessment, or documentation of an outcome. In addition, the E-MAR allows for complete point of care documentation, automated ordering of medications, along with critical pre- and post-dosing clinical charting support."
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Risk Management: Medication Errors, 2005.
Examines errors in drug administration in the health care industry.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses risk management at hospitals and medication errors that occur. It shows what hospitals can do to correct the problem with computer based order entry and education.
From the Paper
"This resource provided to the rounding physicians, fellows, residents, and interns provides on the spot educational resources during rounds and decreases the risk of medication errors by providing correct dosing, drug-drug interactions, appropriate medications for treatment of disease and possible patient outcomes on the chosen medications. These methods of correction have decreased the order writing errors at facilities throughout the nation. These actions have addressed the percentage of errors in the order writing, transcribing, and dispensing phases of the medication process."
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Medication Errors in Hospitals, 1999.
Examines causes, statistics and prevention; focusing on potassium chloride.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"In hospitals in the United States, over one million medication errors occur each year, resulting in 120,000 deaths.
The problem is so prevalent that the American Medical Association has launched a Medication Error Reduction Initiative (Voelker, 1996, pp. 1537-1538). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has reviewed more than 200 sentinel events and found that the most common category of such events was medication errors. Of these, the most frequently implicated drug was potassium chloride according to the Sentinel Event Alert (1998). This paper will look at ways in which hospitals are responding to reduce these mistakes.
A recent study of two hospitals found four major causes for medication errors (Davis, Leape, Nightingale, Weart, & Galper, 1997, p. 30). The four causes were: lack of adequate knowledge.."
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Medication Errors, 1995.
Examines this issue in health care institutions. Discusses incidence, dangers, nine types and safety guidelines.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 14 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"MEDICATION ERRORS
Introduction
This research examines the issue of medication errors in health care institutional settings. Recent high profile cases of death and serious but lesser harm stemming from medication errors have alarmed the general public and prompted calls for corrective action (Altman C1; Brink 53; Cowley, Rosenberg, and Brant 54; Gorman 60). Errors in prescribing and administering medications occur at all hospitals in the United States according to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (Assessing C8). One estimate is that medical errors, a broader term that included medical errors, results in up to 80,000 deaths each year in American hospitals (Gorman 60). One recent study found, however, that approximately 60 percent of all medication error ..."
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Medication Error: Causes, Concerns and Solutions, 2002.
A review of directions to counter mistakes in medication taking.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper serves as a guideline for a medical team that will help promote awareness of the causes of medication error and how the team can best work to stop such errors.
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Medical Calculation Error, 2006.
This paper discusses the errors in the case of a woman with cancer.
1,071 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a medical error concerning a woman diagnosed with breast cancer. The paper describes how the events unfolded: the doctor sent her to a surgeon who had no experience regarding cancer. The surgeon told the patient that the patient would be cured which was probably a mistake by the surgeon. Then they discovered another lump and realized that preventive measures for stopping the progress of the disease should have been applied earlier. The cause of the problems was that an expert was not consulted in the beginning. The paper concludes that it is not a crime to commit an error. Better education is the only possible solution.
From the Paper
"The first question was of detection of the cancer and this occurred when the doctor found a lump in the breast of the patient. The doctor was correct at this stage to suggest a biopsy to determine whether the patient had cancer. It was determined that the patient was suffering from cancer. Then there were subsequent problems in the treatment of the patient due to the lack of proper suggestions from the doctor who sent her to a surgeon who had no experience regarding cancer. The correct procedure should have been to go to a cancer treatment center where they would have been able to suggest the correct treatment. This was the first mistake and it may have been due to the inexperience and fright of the patient, but at the same time, she was determined not to have a mastectomy which was probably the right procedure for her. The concerned doctor then called in a surgeon who performed a subcutaneous mastectomy where the outside tissue is not removed, but the breast tissue is removed. The surgeon had told the patient that that the patient would be cured. This is probably a mistake by the surgeon."
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Medication Dispensing in Nursing Homes, 2005.
This paper establishes guidelines for the safe storage and record keeping of medications used in nursing homes.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper establishes guidelines for the storage, safety, record keeping, consent forms and stock medications used in nursing homes. It is based on federal laws and state regulations and describes how the medications should be dispensed, how records should be kept, the need for informed consent, safety measures and stock medications kept in nursing homes.
From the Paper
" All medications should be stored in a locked cabinet at all times except where they are required to be kept by a resident on his her person because of the need for frequent or emergency use as determined by their physician..."
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Nursing Interventions to Prevent Post-operative Complications in COPD Patients, 2002.
A discussion of a number of strategies and intervention that nurses can employ to prevent complications after surgery for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Discusses a number of strategies & interventions nurses can employ to prevent complications ater surgery for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Description of COPD including prevelance, conditions, symptoms. Sociodemographics & medical profile. Risks. COPD education. Examines nursing interventions including exercises & weight loss program.; psychosocial support. Value of physical assessment data. Nursing applications.
From the Paper
"Nursing Interventions to Prevent Postoperative Complications in Copd Patients
Introduction
Madison, and Irwin (1998) define Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a sort of umbrella term that refers to a large group of lung diseases which can interfere with normal breathing. In their discussion of the various illnesses that are associated with the condition, COPD Support (2001), notes that there are three basic conditions which COPD patients can suffer from: emphysema (the progressive destruction of the grape-like sacs that exchange oxygen in the air for carbon dioxide); chronic bronchitis; and chronic asthma. Not all patients have all three conditions, although a few do.
In a report issued by the National Institutes of Health..."
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Analysis of the Medical and Nursing Professions., 2002.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This is an analysis of medical and nursing professions and how they differ. Nurses are separate from doctors in power. Some doctors regard nurses as their servants. When certain doctors drop a pen, they expect the nurse to pick it up. One reason is that doctors usually are men while nurses are women. Another reason is that doctors often see only themselves as being professional. The way the system works leads to that sort of thinking.
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