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The Nuremberg Trials, 2007.
A comparison of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Nuremberg trials.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the connection between the Declaration of Human Rights, the ICC and the Nuremberg trials. The research presented throughout this review is significant to the existing body of knowledge about this subject because it demonstrates the progression of various international laws. The paper discusses how the Nuremberg trials which laid the foundation for the Declaration of Human Rights and the International Criminal Court. The paper addresses the hypocrisy of the United States for not supporting the formation of the ICC.
From the Paper
"As a result of the Nuremberg trials and the holocausts the United Nations believed it necessary to establish the Declaration of Human Rights. The literature review explores that different articles established by the declaration. The literature review emphasizes the articles that discuss that human rights are for everyone regardless of race, sex or religion. This point is significant because the declaration of human rights was actually established before America established its own civil rights laws. The review also emphasizes that slavery and servitude should not be the condition of any human being. This article was designed to dissuade governments/institutions from instituting policies by which people are subjected to servitude or slavery."
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The Nuremberg Trials, 2004.
An overview and discussion of the long-term impact of the Nuremberg trials for Nazi war crimes against humanity.
1,788 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, after World War II, judges from Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States tried twenty-two Nazi leaders, primarily Holocaust perpetrators, for crimes against humanity, violating long-established rules of war, and waging aggressive war, and how these trials would eventually become known as the ?Nuremberg Trials.? It looks at how many have argued that the long-term impact of these trials is that they were able to establish a stigma against governments that engage in genocide. It also discusses how the greatest lasting impact of the Nuremberg Trials is that, in the some 100-plus civil wars since 1945, no international body had been convened to try aggressor nations or individuals accused of war crimes.
From the Paper
"If we look back at Nazi war crimes, we may note that despite the reluctance of nations to unite in common cause and move swiftly toward a lasting road against aggression, the hope of a more lasting peace is likely to serve as a deterrent for all future warring factions. This was essentially the best that many judges and UN officials could hope for
as Nuremberg?s brightest promise. The world had a problem of what to do about the Nazi regime that had presided over the extermination of some six million Jews and deaths of millions of others with no basis in military necessity. Never before in history had the victors tried the vanquished for crimes committed during a war. Though, never in history
had the perpetrators been involved in a plot of such a mass destruction of the human populace."
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The Nuremberg Trials, 2007.
This paper examines the legal aspects of the Nuremberg Trials.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Nuremberg Trials by questioning several legal aspects of the proceedings. The author argues that the Allies exceeded the laws of the time in their quest to punish Nazis for what they saw as unacceptable ways to conduct war. The paper concludes that the Trials also did not serve a deterrent purpose, rather they demonstrated the difficulty of using law to deal with unpredictable and unexpected behavior.
Outline:
Introduction
Allied Positions
Defendants' Views
Justice of Injustice?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Nuremberg Trials took place in Nuremberg, Germany from 1945 to 1949, following the end of World War II. They were the culmination of efforts by the victorious allies to address actions taken by the Nazis during World War II that most of the Allies believed went well beyond the boundaries of acceptable practice of warfare. However, the Allies themselves exceeded the laws of the time in their quest to punish Nazis for what they saw as unacceptable ways to conduct war."
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The Nuremberg Trials, 2002.
An analysis of the Nuremberg Trials and how they left a legacy of injustice.
1,148 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the details of the post-World War II trials of Nazi officials. It concludes that while these individuals certainly deserved punishment, the manner in which the trials were conducted violated many international standards of justice.
From the Paper
"Documentation reveals that many Germans who were peaceful and kind citizens before 1933, participated in acts of genocide for nearly twelve years and then became quiet, good people again afterwards. It has been theorized that a psychological break occurred during this time. Another personality emerged from the human psyche, summoned by the Nazi leadership. When the war was over, this evil nature disappeared as quickly as it had been created. Therefore, it cannot be claimed that executing Nazi war criminals was a matter of safety. They posed no real danger upon the war's conclusion."
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Post World War II - The Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, 2000.
Looks at the effect these trials had on international law.
9,010 words (approx. 36.0 pages), 46 sources, $ 187.95
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Abstract
This paper examines both the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials following World War II and it?s impact on international law. It begins with a history of the development of international law up until World War II. It then recounts the events that led up to both trials followed by a description of the charter of both trials. Next is a recount of the three top defendants in both trials followed by the general argument put forth by the defense attorneys. After this there is a section on the impact of the trials on international law followed by a argumentative section on why the trials were ?victor?s justice?. The concluding section focuses on the Rwanda and Yugoslavia tribunals and an outlook for the future.
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Nuremberg Trials, 1992.
An examination of Nazi war criminals including ethical, psychological and historical aspects, focusing on the bureaucratic rationalizations of Nazis in evading responsibility.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"This study will investigate the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals. The study will consider the historical elements of the trial, but will focus on the ethical, moral, and psychological aspects of the war crimes of the Nazis. One element to be explored in depth will be the role of bureaucratic rationalization which was expressed by many of the Nazis on trial at Nuremberg.
The expressions of evasion of responsibility for the war crimes of the Nazis were plentiful in both number and in the range of rationalization. As Neave writes, the leaders tried to differentiate between "social" and "political" responsibilities, implying that only those with political responsibility should have been held accountable for the crimes. We read, for example, in Neave, that: "The defence of the political leaders makes..."
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Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, 2002.
An analysis of the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This seven-page undergraduate paper examines the Nuremberg trial, and discusses the crimes, the evidence the prosecution presented, the justification or defense offered by the defendants, whether the prosecution proved its case, and why.
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The Nuremberg Trails, 2007.
A discussion on the Nuremberg trials and the International Criminal Court (ICC).
2,223 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the impact of the Nuremberg trials on the United States and the US attitude towards human rights violations. The paper examines the influence of the Nuremberg trials as it relates to the development of the Declaration of Human Rights. The paper further examines the International Criminal Court (ICC/Rome Treaty), including the U. S. involvement in the ICC and why the U.S. initially supported it. The writer proposes that the U.S. has been hypocritical in not supporting the ICC, and explores the use of torture at Guantanamo, and Abu Ghraib.
From the Paper
"The author further explains that during 1944 when it was evident that the War would soon be over President Roosevelt requested that the War Department develop a strategy for bring those responsible for war crimes to justice (Linder 2000). Prior to the plan created by the War department the Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau had developed a strategy that entailed shooting the Nazi leaders that were responsible for these crimes and forcing other that were involved to live in exile in various places around the world (Linder 2000)."
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The Salem Witch Trials. 1692, 2001.
A chronicle of the events that led up to the Salem Witch trials and a synopsis of the trials and the people involved.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper chronicles the witch trials of 1692 and argues that the main reasons why the witch trials occurred were conflicts dealing with politics, religion, family, economics, and fears of the citizens.
From the Paper
"After the investigation, Hawthorne and Corwin decided that the three women were all guilty of witchcraft. They were all taken to a Boston jail, where Sarah Osborne would later die from natural causes. Even after the three women were taken to jail, the accusations still continued in the village. "
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The Salem Witch Trials, 2007.
A discussion and background of the Salem Witch Trials.
752 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper gives the historic background of the Salem Witch Trials, highlighting the mass hysteria that lead to such an event. The author argues that we can learn from the lessons of the Salem Witch Trials, in particular with regard to terrorist accusations, or other finger pointing based on fear not fact. The paper concludes with the outcome of the trials and how the accused and/or their families were eventually compensated.
Outline:
Introduction
The Trials
Events in Salem
Causes
From the Paper
"The of the trials was based in hysteria. People did not understand what was wrong with the young girls who initially became ill and they became fearful as it spread that if it were not stopped everyone was doomed. This fear spurned a hysteria in which anyone who acted remotely different or non sociable by society standards was accused of being a witch. At that time society had a fear of the devil and the devil's abilities that could overtaken common sense and did."
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Salem Witchcraft Trials, 2006.
This paper discusses the social and economic circumstances leading to the Salem witch trials and their aftermath.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, when viewing the Salem witch trials as a historically ignominious phenomenon from the perspective of the late 17th century, the modern historian must remember that the pre-Enlightenment, Calvinist, Puritan mind was very different from American morality today. The author points out that, during the time leading up to the witchcraft trials, Salem, an early American community, was in the process of experiencing many economic, social and other changes, which affected the power structure, atmosphere and suspicious moods of the Salem dwellers, especially the wealthiest, most powerful and most influential citizens. The paper relates that the aftermath of the Salem witch trials was a period of atonement and reflection; centuries later, these trials of 1692 remain a permanent stain on American history and collective conscious.
From the Paper
"Clearly, the vast majority of those who were hunted, tried, and convicted of witchcraft in Salem in 1692 were from less than well-off backgrounds, while those who organized and took part most zealously in the witch hunt and witch trials themselves were from wealthier and more powerful backgrounds. Some accusations of witchcraft were likely driven, also, by longstanding animosities among families. For example, one of the accused who was later convicted and hanged, Rebecca Nurse was one of three Towne sisters, all identified as witches, who were members of a Topsfield family that had a long-standing quarrel with the Putnam family."
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The Salem Witch Trials, 2002.
An analyis of the Salem witch trials in the 17th century.
2,895 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the events of the Salem witch trials in Massachusetts in 1692. The paper presents physiological, psychological and sociological theories from various sources, which aim to provide a logical explanation of what happened during the Salem witch trials. The paper offers the opinion that the witch trials occured as a result of a combination of these theories or perhaps a theory not yet thought of.
From the Paper
"The Salem witch trials were an atrocity in a period of American history. Several young girls, who had heard tales of the supernatural from a West Indian slave, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused three women of witchcraft. Put in that position, the three women, in turn, named others in false confessions (Merriam-Webster 1416). This caused hysteria much like Joseph McCarthy caused in 1950 in his hunt for Communists. Unlike the McCarthy era, the penalty for ?witches? was death. Anyone that behaved in a way that people couldn?t understand was subjected to scrutiny."
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Minorities and HIV Vaccine Trials, 2004.
Discusses why minorities are unwilling participants in HIV vaccine trials.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In recent years, HIV has begun to move away from being an automatic death sentence and toward the status of being a chronic, but manageable illness. This paper presents an examination of HIV vaccine clinical trials and examines whether or not minorities are comfortable participating in them. The writer examines the historic Tuskegee syphilis trial and applies some of the problems there to the current hesitancy by minorities to participate in HIV vaccines clinical trials. The paper is based on a literature review.
From the Paper
"The medical community has a documented lack of minority volunteers willing to participate in clinical trials for HIV medications and other treatments. There are several factors that contribute to this trend including a basic mistrust that the minority will be given a fair amount of the treatment in question, as well as historic problems with medical trials and minorities in the past.
(Timeline http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/tuskegee/time.htm)
The need to recruit minority participants for clinical trials is obvious. Minority people get ill and they get disorders. They are part of the population that the medical community is attempting to assist and their participation in clinical trials can help that process move more quickly and efficiently."
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The Salem Witchcraft Trials, 2007.
An examination of the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692.
1,288 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the cause of Salem's witchcraft hysteria was not the work of the Devil, but more likely the lust for power exhibited by church leaders. The paper examines how the Salem Witchcraft Trials conflict developed into social upheaval as a result of disorder in the legal system. The paper examines how this upheaval began with the loss of the original charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, then, a colonial power struggle in the aftermath of James II's deposition in the Glorious Revolution. The paper further examines how the lack of settled English rules of trial law and the question of reliable of evidence, particularly with respect to spectral evidence, further aggrandized the disorder.
Outline:
Abstract
Role of the Massachusetts State in the Witchcraft Craze of 1692
Salem's Elite During the Craze
Salem as a Theocracy
The Trials as Dramatic Performance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The young girls who testified in open court about the effect of witchcraft on the people of Salem added to the drama by responding to invisible pinches and kicks from evil spirits, rolling about on the floor and screaming in agony . These reactions, perceived by the magistrates, many of whom were given that power because of their high rank in the church, used their religious training as a substitute for familiarity with the laws in place at the time and made rulings strictly on the basis of what they perceived to be God's will, and not the burden of law."
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Salem Witch Trials of Massachusetts, 2006.
A review of the Salem Witchcraft Trials that occurred in 1692.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials and the social psychology that dominated during this period. This paper discusses the cultural perspective of the sociology of the time that created distrust and lack of interconnected social fabric breeding. This paper also indicates that skepticism and fear dictated people's belief systems, moralities, influenced their identities and affected their interrelationships.
Contents:
Introduction
Social Psychology and Religion in the Witch Trials
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The witchcraft trials held during 1692 resulted in roughly 150 accusations and 19 executions of victims proclaimed to be witches (Salem 1). The out of control behaviors demonstrated by young women during the trials was more the result of environmental factors, perhaps including dietary deficiencies and group think than the result of actual witchery (Salem 1). The religious beliefs that dominated during the witch trials, those of the New England Puritans, helps explain why culturally members of society blamed witchery and enchantment by the devil for the woman's behavior rather than seek scientific evidence to explain bizarre behaviors demonstrated by the afflicted.
Religious leaders are also to blame for the hyper reaction many people living in Salem had to the irregular behaviors demonstrated during the trials. Many suggest that ministers acted on "the superstitious beliefs of the masses" (Gragg 208) in an effort to influence the masses toward certain religious leanings. The New England Puritans living during the time of the witch trials were if nothing else "zealously obedient to the admonishment from the apostle Peter" who suggested that citizens must be vigilant and sober as the devil "walketh about seeking whom he may devour" (National Geographic 1). "
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