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The Northern European Power Shift, 2004.
Looks at the shift in the balance of power from Portugal and Spain to Northern Europe.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the historical factors and events during the 14th and 15th centuries that caused the balance of power to shift away from Portugal and Spain and toward the Netherlands, France, and England.
From the Paper
"In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the dominant explorers of the time hailed from Portugal and Spain, and these countries were made quite wealthy as a result. Their position, however, as significant empires would not last forever, and soon, the countries of Northern Europe ? in particular, the Netherlands, France, and England ? set out to take their share of the riches, too. These countries improved on the Spanish and Portuguese methods of exploration, ship building, and trade. The English had faster, more agile ships that were more maneuverable then those of Portugal and Spain."
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The Eastern European Shift from Communism to Capitalism, 2002.
Explores the institutional changes required of East European governments as they move towards capialist economies.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The post-Glasnost transition from Communism to Capitalism in Eastern Europe has presented various challenges and achievements which vary in their importance, from country to country. This paper concentrates most upon the realities of Institutional change as it is imperative to both economic life and democracy.
Introduction
Cultural and Attitudinal Factors
Military Affairs, Law and Order
Technological Factors
Promoting Capitalist Activities
Fiscal Matters
Labour
Social Welfare
Concluding Notes
References
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T. R.Berger's "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland", 2007.
This paper applies the critical-emancipatory paradigm and the constructivist-interpretive paradigm to T. R.Berger's 1988 book "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland: The Report of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry".
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the critical paradigm recognizes that reality is the product of history and analyzes it accordingly through social, political, cultural, economic, ethnic and gender values developed over time. The author states that, when applying the critical-emancipatory approach to T. R. Berger's "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland", the observer understands that the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction to historical reality issues especially the importance of the First Nation people and the environmental supporters in deciding against the pipeline project. The paper relates that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm assumes that to understand the world and its meaning, one must interpret it. The author underscores that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm can be applied to Berger's work in that his assessment of the Mackenzie Valley pipeline is heavily subjective and based upon interpretation of multiple realities.
Table of Contents
The Strengths and Weakness of the Critical Paradigm
Application of the Critical-Emancipatory Approach to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"
The Strength and Weakness of the Constructivist-Interpretive Paradigm
Application of the Critical Constructivist- Interpretive Paradigm to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"
From the Paper
"It is easy to analyze the Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland document in terms of the critical-emancipatory approach. Indeed, the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction of social, political, cultural, economic and ethnic issues derived from processes over history. The writer, Berger, has assessed the contentious issue of the pipeline development firstly in terms of economic issues: that is, that it will be good for the Canadian economy, particularly the northern Canadians who will be brought now into the "mainstream of the Canadian economy" (Berger, 1988, p. 3). Ultimately, however, Berger has acknowledged the role of ethnicity in appraising the pipeline project and assessing its worth. His final position assumes the First Nation Canadians are correct; environmentally-speaking, the project should not go on). The role of acknowledging the importance of the First Nation people and the environment in deciding against the pipeline project display evidence of cultural, social, political and ethnic values in evaluating the situation.
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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Night Shift & Rotating Shift Nursing, 1999.
Effects on nurses' physiology, psychology and performance. Looks at the phenomenon of substance abuse amongst nurses.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"EFFECTS OF NIGHT SHIFT WORK ON NURSES AND NURSING PERFORMANCE
Introduction
This research examines the effects of night shift work on nurses and nursing performance. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions of the biological effects of shift work on nurses, the effects of night shift work on nursing performance, the relationship between shift work and substance abuse by nurses, and the implications for the profession of nursing of the effects of shift work on nurses and nursing performance.
Biological Effects
In the overall American work force, 15.9 percent of workers are assigned to shift work. Within the context of shift work, 6.3 percent of all American workers work evening shifts, 4.3.."
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The Northern Renaissance as Expressed On Canvas, 1998.
This paper discusses the rich art history that stemmed from the artistic renaissance in northern European countries.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the notable masterpieces of the artistic Renaissance in Northern Europe. The author pays close attention to the new styles of the times, the use of oils, light and shadow, and how expressing inner emotions became more prevalent than outer appearances on the canvas. The author looks in particular at the portraits " The Arnolfini Portrait" by Jan van Eyck, and "The Ambassadors" by Holbein the Younger.
From the Paper
?While the Southern renaissance is better known, the countries of the north? Germany, The Netherlands, France, and England? also enjoyed a rich artistic renaissance, though slightly delayed. Historians dispute reasons as to why this so. Some argue that for reasons such as the bubonic plague and economic depression, it took the Northern countries a longer time to emerge from the dark ages. Another argument is that Northern artists were simply more reluctant to switch from the Gothic style they used in the past. In any case, European patrons and artists prized their work and they were praised for their talents in working with oils and their mastery of detail. Northern art managed to progress at a surprising pace despite it?s delays. The two paintings used as references in this portfolio, ?The Arnolfini Portrait? by Jan van Eyck and ?The Ambassadors? by Hans Holbein the Younger, stand as examples of this. With only 100 years difference between them, it is important to examine what accounts for the changes by comparing the paintings in areas of characterization, chiaroscuro, medium, and artistic symbolism. In this way, the differences between Early and Late Northern renaissance art can be clearly defined.
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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The History of the US Education System, 2005.
A look at the influence that Northern European immigrants have had on the American education system.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This graduate paper examines the history of American education and the influences of the values of northern European immigrants on the school system. According to this paper, schools in the USA have very much reflected the ethic and values systems of Northern Europe. This paper further explores this idea and draws attention to the various aspects that reflect this influence.
From the Paper
"Ever since colonial times, American schools have historically been a reflection of the value system of northern European immigrants, a value system that is characterized by a strong belief in competition and rugged individualism. Social psychologists who have done extensive research on the culture of American schools, characterize this as a focus on seeking an object or getting what one needs. They note that over the past two centuries, the United States has created a nation of schools that reflect that Northern European ethic and value systems. Sleeter and Grant (1994) note that our schools have required until recently that students sit in straight rows, and consider talking or sharing between students as cheating. "
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Thomas More's "Utopia", 2002.
Examines the cultural and historical contexts of More's work as a critique of 16th Century Northern European society.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Examines the cultural and historical contexts of More's work as a critique of 16th Century Northern European society. More's creation of ideal conditions that exist on the imaginary island of Utopia. Adverse effect of pride. Place of religion. The ideology of the Renaissance. More's humanist vision. Details the Utopia life.
From the Paper
"Thomas More?s Utopia is a work that is a complex critique of sixteenth century northern European society. This critique is accomplished by way of postulating various ideal conditions that exist on an imaginary island called Utopia, and then these conditions are contrasted with the conditions prevalent in the Europe of More?s day. One of these ideal concepts that Utopia gives us is the description of how perfection has been achieved, namely, through the eradication of pride ? the root of all evil in humankind. Let us examine this concept more closely, while being mindful of the socio-historical contexts of the sixteenth century.
By the..."
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"Northern Mists", 2002.
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the work "Northern Mists," by Carl O. Sauer.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Carl O. Sauer's book "Northern Mists" in which he advances and argues the theory that the Norse country of "Vinland" was in reality part of Southern New England. Carl Sauer was a respected geographer and historian and "Northern Mists" is a well-known and cited commentary discussing the geographic history of "Vinland" and how the Northern Europeans discovered North America. The paper looks at the overall message the author is trying to convey, and how he manages to communicate it to his readers.
From the Paper
"Why did the Norse look for new lands? Sauer seems to answer this himself when he compares their country to the lovely country of New England. "The bleak and windswept Strait of Belle Isle (through which I once passed in early July) bears no resemblance to the gracious country of deciduous woodlands and grapevines of Vinland, bordered by wide tidal flats" (Sauer). He also attributes their exploration to changes in climate in Northern Europe, which drove them to look for a climate that was warmer and less hospitable as time went on. "There is evidence, discovered in Scandinavia and northern Britain, that the climate of northern Europe was milder in the tenth and eleventh centuries, became more extreme in the thirteenth, and ameliorated in or after the fifteenth" (Sauer)."
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The Europeanization Process.
This paper is a research project which discusses the Europeanization of Europe through the European Union (EU).
15,550 words (approx. 62.2 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the concept of Europeanization by examining the geo-social framework in which this process is taking place, along several key dimensions, including labor, immigration and refugees; financial and securities and legal considerations. The author uses a methodology that includes an interpretive approach to the scholarly literature followed by an analysis of relevant statistical data, which are indicative of the key dimensions being investigated to identify past, current and future trends in the Europeanization process. The paper relates that the research clearly showed that, in sharp contrast to the United States being the "melting pot" of the world, the nations of Europe have historically been fiercely proud of their unique and distinct cultural and political heritages, making the transition to an integrated political and economic entity all the more problematic. Many charts and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Areas of European Harmonization
Labor, Immigration and Refugees
Finance and Securities
Advantage:
Disadvantages
Legal
Methodology
Data Analysis
Labor and Immigration
Finance and Securities
Legal
Synthesis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Although these are the same types of forces that have historically fueled societal growth around the world, the EU appears to be experiencing them in more profound and pervasive ways than have ever been experienced before. As a result, the integration of the European community has continued its rocky but relentless course throughout the last decade of the 20th century, including the creation of a European Union and a single currency in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, as well as the subsequent deepening of integration in the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty which extended the use of qualified majority voting and the delegation of powers to supranational institutions. However, a recurring preoccupation over such projects of European unification, both popularly and in academia, has been the issue of the grounds for furthering the concept of common sense of belonging in throughout the Europe Union today."
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Labor and the Growth of the Northern US Colonies, 2006.
An in-depth look at the development of northern colonies in America, primarily by brave volunteers from European countries.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of the settlement and development of the northern colonies of the USA, and the foreign merchants and adventurists that settled these colonies, venturing to the 'new country' in search of a better life. These foreign immigrants were mainly representatives of middle and lower classes of England and continental European states, who dreamed about economic opportunities and religious freedoms.
From the Paper
"Colonists in the New World received religious freedoms on the hand with autonomy from metropolitan government. Immigrants were basically representatives of middle and lower classes of England and continental European states (merchants and farmers), who dreamed about economic opportunities and religious freedoms. First Puritan colonies in Massachusetts appeared in the year of 1628 , as Massachusetts received certain privileges together with Virginia. Religious motives played the key role as well in the foundation of Maryland colony as Lord Baltimore, a very rich catholic wanted to found a religious shelter for his coreligionists and principality for himself. Between colonies of New England and Maryland there were territories which were later colonized by Dutchmen and Swedes. Swedes founded Delaware colony in 1638. Central article of Dutch colonization was town of New Amsterdam founded in 1626 (future city of New York). Local New Netherlands and New Sweden were later reorganized into 4 English colonies: New Jersey, New York, Delaware and Pennsylvania. "
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European Union, 2006.
A review of the European Union's communities and policies.
2,001 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a brief look at the various European Union's economic policies, such as the European Economic Community and the European Monetary Union. According to the paper, the EU has maintained the momentum of its internal economic integration agenda.
Outline:
Activities of the EEC
Structure Of European Union
European Council
European Commission
Functioning of the EEC
European Monetary Union
Common Market Policy
EURO - The New World Currency
The Current Scenario in the European Union
From the Paper
"Regional Development Policy: The objectives of the Regional Development Policy of the EEC is to promote balanced development of the member countries by reducing regional disparities and by developing rapidly the backward regions. To achieve this objective, the EEC provides financial assistance for the development of the backward regions of the member countries. The Financial assistance is provided through."
"European Investment Bank: EEC established this bank in 1958. It provides loans and guarantees the loans raised by the member countries for the development of the backward regions. It grants loans for modernization, conversion and development projects that are beyond the financial abilities of the member governments. It also provides loans for the projects in which member governments have common interest."
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The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), 2007.
This paper is an extensive literature review of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) of the European Union, especially with regard to the inclusion of Georgia.
15,620 words (approx. 62.5 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) was developed to combat some of the European security issues that exist in Europe. Authorities believe that the ENP would enhance the European Union's ability to secure the region against terrorism and would help promote the economy and overall quality of life of the region. The author points out that originally the ENP applied to its direct neighbors: Algeria, Belarus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. Later, however, it was extended to include the countries of the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) with whom the present candidate countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey, share either a maritime or land border. The paper concludes that by eradicating terrorists or criminal activities and by strengthening the political and justice systems in the country, the ENP will be helpful to Georgia. The paper includes many quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Study
Introduction
Background/ History
Theoretical Framework
European Integration Theory
Social Theory and International Negotiation Theory
Literature Review
Purpose of the EU
EU Pursues Two Main Types of Policies towards the Rest of the World
Economic Policies
Foreign and Security Policies through the Common Foreign and Security Policy and Defense Policy Cooperation
Enlargement
Development of ENP
ENP Framework: Objectives, Principles and Instrument
European Security Strategy as a Foundation of ENP
The European Neighborhood Policy
Trade and Competitiveness
Development
Strategic Relations, Political Dialogue and CFSP
EU-Georgia Relations
From Partnership to Neighborhood and beyond Neighborhood Policy
EU-Georgia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Analysis
Looking at the Neighborhood from Georgian Perspective
Why is ENP Important for EU and for Georgia?
The Military Sector
The Economic Sector
The Education Sector
The Environmental Sector
The Society Sector
The Political Sector
How Sectors are Synthesized
EU Interests towards Black Sea Region: Why Georgia Matters?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the commission's report these agreements permit the expansion of cooperation and economic amalgamation across a variety of domains. The effects of these agreements have not been realized at the current time. In any case, the ENP provides a foundation for improved cooperation in many distinct domains so that the EU and its partners can realize the full benefit of the structures that are in place (European Neighborhood Policy). To this end, the Action Plans will establish key priorities to be tackled in the years to come."
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The European Economic Community.
This paper discusses the history of the European Economic Community (EEC), organized in 1958, which predated the European Union (EU), organized in 1992, especially the positions of Germany and the U.K. (Britain).
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the European Economic Community (EEC) was established to lower custom barriers between European countries and to create greater political cohesion and ultimately an economic entity, which would increase Europe's power in the world market. The author points out that the major reasons Germany, which was more familiar with federalism, wanted the states of Europe to join together as a European federal state were: (1) The quicker the integration process, the shorter time period needed for Germany to overcome the loss of the war and the status of being the 'loser' of the war and (2) if a European union would control all members, then there would be less or even complete avoidance of discrimination towards Germany by other nations. The paper stresses that the major reasons Britain, on the other hand, did not want to be a part of a united Europe were: (1) They viewed unification as a European super-state being run by the Britain's oldest rivals French and German and (2) Britain, having had a stable democracy for many centuries and never having been subject to totalitarian rule, saw themselves as different and unlike any fellow European member.
From the Paper
"At the end of the Second World War, Europe was devastated and economically exhausted, and its most urgent need was to restore its economy. In this situation two great powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, uneasily confronted each other across Europe. Europe would be organized in such a way that war between Western European countries could not recur. There was an urgent need to construct war shattered economies that led the countries of Western Europe to begin working together. Finally, after long and complicated negotiations, the "Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on March 25, 1957 and came into affect in January, 1958." (Palmer and Lambert, 1968, 33). What this Treaty established was a European free trade eliminating all tariffs on trades between members of the EEC, which included Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, France, Luxembourg, and the Federal Republic of Germany."
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