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Nobility and the French Revolution, 2002.
Examines the role of the French nobility in the causes of the French Revolution of 1789.
2,531 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
It is impossible to assign to any group--nobility, monarchy, bourgeoisie, peasantry, urban commoners, clergy, or philosophers--sole responsibility for creating the conditions that ended in the French Revolution of 1789. The paper shows, however, that in any of the dominant historical explanations, the role of the nobility remains the strongest element in setting the scene for the Revolution. This is true whether one considers the passive or active nature of its influence. A review of some common theories of the origins of the Revolution in this paper demonstrate that the nobility always bore major, and often primary, responsibility for setting the scene of Revolution.
From the Paper
"The popular image of the French Revolution is that of the haughty, remote, untalented Louis XVI and the spendthrift, irresponsible Marie Antoinette driving the country to near-bankruptcy and causing a general reaction against the selfishness and autocratic ways of the absolute monarchy. There is, of course, some truth in the claim that the royal couple's ineptitude was the major cause of the Revolution. Bernier holds, for instance, that when, on the day Louis XV died, the new king dismissed the old ministers, because "Marie Antoinette insisted," the "seeds of the Revolution were sown" (52). Louis XV had started to change the tax system so that the rich would assume a more proportionate share of the burden. The nobility objected strongly and Louis XVI, to gain popularity with them, rejected the ministers and the reforms that might have saved his throne."
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The French Revolution, 2005.
This paper analyzes whether the French Revolution was a class war
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the classes represented in the French Revolution are (1) "The First Estate", which was the clergy, (2) "The Second Estate", which represented the nobility and (3) "The Third Estate" which was at the bottom of the hierarchical ladder, representing the poorer and lower classes of people in France. The author points out that no philosophies, either in whole or in part, actually caused the French Revolution; but, because the philosophers of the Enlightenment attacked the established order and authority of any kind, their ideas helped to produce what can only be called a "revolutionary mentality". The paper concludes that the French Revolution was a war of the classes: However, the lines are not clearly drawn dividing the classes; therefore, it is clear that the French Revolution was a war of and a war within the social classes in the society of France.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Beginning of the Revolution
Classes Represented in the French Revolution
First, Second and Third Estates Grow Dissatisfied with Their Lot
Americas' Influence on the Revolt of the French
Effects of the Enlightenment in Relation to the French Revolution
Beliefs of the Revolutionaries
From the Paper
"At the time of the French Revolution France was under the rule of an absolute monarchy and was a monarchy that was under the rule or reign of King Louis XIV (1643 - 1715). Louis XIV encouraged both trade and manufacture and centralized the country during this time period. The individuals represented by all three estates, The First, Second and Third Estate has grown dissatisfied with their lot in life for one reason or another. The main reason for the Nobility's dissatisfaction was the longing to regain the power that the monarchy had stripped from them. The peasant class as well as the bourgeoisie class was extremely unhappy over the system of taxation that operated in France and the Bourgeoisie resented deeply the privileges enjoyed by the Nobility class in France during that time period."
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The French Revolution, 2005.
A discussion of the notion that the French Revolution (1789-1799) was a victory for the aristocracy.
1,878 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of the nobility in the French Revolution, examining the nobility's attempts to block the power of the King (Louis XVIII) and by so doing increase their own power. It examines a number of issues associated with the French Revolution including: Enlightenment philosophers, French elites, the French Parlements, the Estates-General, and Napoleon.
From the Paper
"The crisis of the Revolution began with the aristocracy's attempts to further their own power and influence though limiting the power and influence of the king. Moreover, while the French nobility was too diverse to be a cohesive and self-confident ruling class, it was at the same time too exclusive and powerful to permit the upward mobility of a large, talented, and ambitious middle class.5 The 1760's were a period of governmental failure for the French. The defeat in the Seven Years' War, and in the colonial world, contributed catastrophically to an already large national debt.6 Compounding the governmental problem, absolutism no longer reigned as it had under Louis XIV. Further, "the court at Versailles, the world of the grand aristocracy, intruded on the affairs of the state."7 Competition at Versailles among the various special interest groups was fierce, as various individuals sought the attentions of the king."
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The French Revolution, 2006.
A look at the causes and possible prevention of the French Revolution.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the French Revolution was begun by certain "liberal" revolutionary leaders who sought to end the outmoded government controlled by the French aristocracy, particularly the monarchy and the reign of Louis XVI. It also discusses how the monarchy of France was greatly responsible for the revolution as were the nobility and the aristocrats, due to their greed and desire for absolute power over their French underlings. It contends that Louis XVI should have seen the revolution coming and should have done everything in his power to prevent it.
From the Paper
"In May of 1789, King Louis XVI attempted to enforce limited economic reforms, and by June, the Third Estate, made up of representatives of the French people who were neither aristocrats nor clergy, established itself as the National Assembly; this was followed by the clergy who then joined the Third Estate. In response, a Paris mob stormed the Bastille, a huge government-run prison, on July 14 which marked the beginning of the end for the French aristocracy and the reign of Louis XVI. This led in August to the formation of the Constituent Assembly that ratified the "Declarations of the Rights of Man" which abolished feudalism and established a constitution that greatly limited the powers of the monarchy. "
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Revolution, 2002.
A study of the revolutions of America, France, and Russia.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the American, French and Russian revolutions, and analyzes their immense change, not only politically but also in the nature of the way its citizens were governed. It investigates the nation's individual social circumstances that the caused these revolutions. The paper discusses the political ideas of Marx and Lenin, and the great class struggle against nobility in all these nations? revolutions.
From the Paper
"Revolution means change on a massive scale, and the revolutions that took place in America, France, and Russia were all revolutions in the political sense, not simply changing regimes but changing the very nature of government and its relationship to the governed. The causes of the three revolutions were different, as were the governments against which the people rebelled. The American and French revolutions have the most in common, while the Russian Revolution had features that set it part from the other two. All three revolutions, however, signaled a major change in the way the people of each country would be governed thereafter. The most successful of these recognize that the force, which brought about revolution will continue and need to be accommodated within the new system."
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The French Film Industry as a Reflection of French Society, 2002.
This essay analyzes two French films, and discusses how they mirror the social rifts in modern France.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problem of fracture sociale in France. The author examines this problem as seen in ?Le D?ner du Cons? and ?La Haine? and compares the two with particular attention to class and social barriers in modern France.
From the Paper:
"?Le D?ner de Cons? is a farcical comedy about a club of bored, successful and obnoxious Parisians whose lives revolve around a male adolescent game of one-upmanship. Pierre Brochant is an arrogant publishing executive who livens up his upper class existence by attending idiot dinners. The concept is discomforting, rooted as it is in an attitude of arrogant superiority."
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Nobility and Commoners in Shakespeare's "King Henry IV", 2004.
Character analysis of the main characters in "King Henry IV".
2,171 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a character analysis of Henry and Hal, two of the main characters in Shakespeare's play, "King Henry IV", and shows how Shakespeare, by comparing and contrasting these two characters, was able to display the attitudes of both the nobility and the commoners and foreshadow Hal?s ability to become a stable, successful ruler.
From the Paper
"Hal?s feelings towards his father reflect the feelings of the commoners towards the king. Hal?s soliloquy, ?I know you all...? (I, ii 183-205) reveals Hal?s moral awareness and scorn towards the character he has used to disguise his true frustration with the standards that the king has disgraced. A noble and virtuous young man deliberately masquerading as a dissolute prodigal, Hal is not likely to overlook the deep moral blemishes in his father nor the hypocrisy of Henry IV?s assumption of rightful kingship. However, as the King?s subject and heir, Hal is denied all means of expressing his contempt for the dishonorable means by which Henry IV has maintained and stolen power. By showing contempt for the king, Hal would be following the example of Henry IV?s disloyal behavior towards Richard II, and siding with the rebels who now challenge Henry IV?s fitness to rule."
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Nobility and Power, 2006.
This paper examines the theme and setting for the usurpation of power in "A Midsummer Nights Dream" by William Shakespeare.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the complex variables of oligarchic settings in this play reveal the constant flux of power that exchanges hands within this family. In many ways, power is a relative abstraction that goes beyond title or other means of status that exists within the many lovers in this comedy. The paper shows how the often hilarious setting makes a buffoonery of nobility and its supposed power in society, marking a trend toward love as the real power center in regards to usurping power over one another.
From the Paper
"This drama study will analyze the setting and theme for the usurpation of power in "A Midsummer Nights Dream" by William Shakespeare. The key thematic connection of the usurpation of kingly power is a central focus in Shakespeare's characters in this play. By integrating the theme of love in this analysis, one can realize the trickery and guises through romance that instigate plot tension within these works by William Shakespeare. In essence, the setting and theme of Shakespeare's play reveals the revolving door of leadership in the usurpation of power in "A Midsummer Nights Dream." The usurpation of power in the play "A Midsummer Nights Dream" is a patriarchal issue that relates to Egeus and his daughter Hermia."
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The Peasants and the French Revolution, 2001.
Examines the role of the large population of French peasants in the French Revolution of 1789.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the role of the farming peasantry of France in pushing forward the French Revolution. What grievances and suffering had the peasants endured that led to open revolt in 1789, and what revolutionary responses did they take? While not representative of the political or intellectual strength that provoked the French Revolution, the peasant?s role in toppling the old regime cannot be ignored. This essay describes and evaluates that role.
From the Paper
"It should be said before beginning that during the initial struggle between the status quo and the other classes (aristocracy, bourgeoisie, workers), the peasants had played little or no role. In fact, they had literally no part in ?provoking? the first responses and revolts, and before July, 14, 1789 there was scarcely any question of the peasants. Their grievances and complaints were of little interest to the National Assembly, in which they had no members (Lefebvre 131). Yet, if one examines the story of the French peasantry and evidence provided by Georges Lefebvre, it can be argued that they had had been suffering longer and had more to complain about than any of the other classes of French society and that their actions in July and August, 1789 were utterly crucial ones. In the end, it was the mass peasant uprising of 1789 that pushed forward the revolution, destroying the remnants of the manorial and feudal system, and finally bringing all the non-aristocratic social classes in France fully together in their efforts to topple the status quo."
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Bonaparte and The French Revolution, 2002.
Examines Napoleon Bonaparte's role in the French Revolution and other French military campaigns.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper will consider the impact that Napoleon Bonaparte had in his involvement with the Revolution in France, and the effect of his military campaigns in Europe.
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French Art Auctions, 2007.
A look at the impact of the French auction market legislation reform on the French art market and international art auction business.
8,770 words (approx. 35.1 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the effects of the opening of the French auction market to foreign auction houses on local French auction houses, the international auction market and the French art market in general. Specific problems that are investigated in include the impact of the French auction market reform on local French auction houses and whether they have thrived in competition with their larger international counterparts.It also looks into related issues, such as whether the change in French legislation has led to the export or import of more works of art into France for sale and whether the high taxes and stringent regulation regarding the sale and exportation of works of art from France offset any increase in the market share that would have come from the liberalization of their auction market.
Outline:
Introduction
Background Information
A Brief History of the Auction Market in France
Changes Brought By the Reform
Impact of the Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ever since the profession of auctioneer was invented in France, some five hundred years ago, they have been government officials, a kind of civil servants appointed by the Ministry of Justice because the art auctioning business was viewed as a public service just like justice and internal affaires. This monopoly was established by a royal edict of Henri II in 1556. All the profits from the activity went to the French state. All these authorized auctioneers were holding a monopoly over the art sales that were conducted on the French market. They were not only controlled and appointed by the government, they are actually considered to be government officials. "
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Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Revolution, 2002.
This paper discusses that the Age of Napoleon Bonaparte has its roots in the French Revolution and that it was Napoleon Bonaparte who spread the teachings of the French Revolution throughout Europe.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the French Revolution ignited new ideas regarding equality, justice, freedom and the very nature of social interaction; but, ironically, it was a dictator, Napoleon, who perpetuated and spread many of these ideas. The paper points out that the Napoleonic Code, the introduction of liberal ideas to Egypt, and the beginning of the drive for the unification of Italy were all things that resulted from ideas derived from the French Revolution that spread because of Napoleon and his rule. The author believes that the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon?s dissemination of its ideas can be demonstrated by the fact that even after the defeat of Napoleon, none of the old European monarchies or regimes ever enjoyed the absolute power that they once held.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The French Revolution
Napoleon Early in the Revolution
Quest for Power
Napoleon as a Ruler and Conqueror
The Tragedy of Napoleon?s Life
The Legacy of Napoleon and the French Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Napoleon is a tragic figure in that few have had so much and lost it all. From being the world?s most powerful man to becoming a lonely exile must have been a bitter pill to swallow. Napoleon?s life is also tragic in that so many people were fanatically loyal to him, yet his first love Josephine, was unfaithful to him and never provided the male heir that he so desperately wanted. But, the greater tragedy is the waste of Napoleon?s talents. True, he achieved monumental military accomplishments, but his conquests were ephemeral; they did not last. Universally recognized as one of the great military minds, Napoleon was equally talented as an administrator. If he had turned his attention to these pursuits, he could have done so much lasting good. He was also a man of contradictions. Vain, arrogant, and ambitious, he loved himself, but he was not afraid to recognize and praise ability in others. He was ruthless when necessary, but he does not seem to have been driven by hate as some later dictators were. All in all, he still fascinates us today."
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French-Iraqi Economic Relations, 2002.
An examination of French-Iraqi economic relations and the reasons for French opposition to the war against Saddam Hussein.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the French attitude towards the war effort to disarm Iraq and how France remains opposed to the use of force to achieve such goals. It looks at how the French position is influenced by its economic ties with Iraq, which is its largest trading partner in the Middle East region. It evaluates how the reasons for the French position range from political considerations to economic interest and analyzes some of these interests and the future consequences of war on them.
From the Paper
"Preventing war against Iraq would help France maintain its economic interest in Iraq. As its former colony, France does not want the United States to replace it; such condition would lead to a loss of the French influence in the region. There are charges that the US is also interested in the Iraqi oil, and if Iraq were defeated, the United States would become the temporary ruler in Iraq, and would gain from such effort, by winning oil concessions. Clearly, it is not in France?s interest to be pushed aside in Iraq, it is also a blow not only to its prestige, but also to its economic interests."
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French Revolution, 2006.
A look at the underlying causes of the French Revolution.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The time before the French Revolution was called the Old Regime. Under the Old Regime France was a nation with a large population, a powerful army and a glamorous court system. Paris, the capital, was the center of culture. Educated people in all of Europe spoke French, read French literature and copied French customs. France seemed to be the leading nation in a glorious age. Nevertheless, according to this paper, the French Revolution actually had roots deep in 18th century French society. More specifically, the paper explains that, in spite of the political, economic, and military power France held under the Old Regime, the stability of the Old Regime was already at risk because of serious troubles brewing beneath the surface that had been ignored for too long.
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The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 2003.
This paper analyzes the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, written in 1791, following the French Revolution.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike the United States' Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of Rights was written first, as a statement to the French people of the supreme guarantee of rights and as a symbol of liberty and egalitarianism, which was modeled after the beliefs of the American Constitution. The author points out that the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ensured freedom to a society under absolute rule and outlined the basic fundamental principles enjoyed by a free society: No longer is the power invested in the king but in the people. The paper stresses that the National Assembly disjoined politics and religion because they considered the Catholic Church to be an enemy of liberty, a power that would try to revoke what the Declaration had just guaranteed.
From the Paper
"In declaring sovereignty for the French, the declaration was a loose interpretation of what America had scripted fifteen years earlier. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, to break colonial allegiance with Great Britain. The document asserts the right to be free and independent states, where under a fair government there is a promise for man's entitlement to independence. Such beliefs have a direct correlation with what the French conveyed in their declaration. Jefferson wrote, "...all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" (Brophy 190). This line is almost identical to the one found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen."
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