| Papers [1-15] of 16 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "NHS": |
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NHS, 2004.
A thorough overview of the National Health System in Britain, looking at the history, the present state, and the future.
9,231 words (approx. 36.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 190.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing an in-depth history of Britain's NHS. It identifies problem areas that have emerged in relation to NHS, with an attempt made to address the manner in which such problems have historically influenced reform efforts. It then moves to the present day and examines a summary of the 2000 NHS Plan. It explains the economic and social implications of this plan. It then looks at some of the differences that may exist in health care systems. It reviews the major types of health insurance systems utilized currently within Japan, Sweden, and Canada, and then provides a brief comparison between these systems and the NHS in the UK. It finally looks at where the World Health Organization and health care funding systems fit into the NHS.
Outline
Historical Perspective
Summary of 2000 NHS Plan
Review of Healthcare Systems in OECD Countries
World Health Organization and Health Care Funding
Conclusion
From the Paper
"With the passage and associated provisions of the NHS Act of 1946, NHS was implemented in the UK in 1948. The NHS Act of 1946 served as the means by which a pattern of health service finance and provision was established in the UK following World War II (Baggot, 1998). According to Baggot, on the basis of the Act, the principle of collective responsibility by the state for the establishment of a comprehensive health service system was introduced, allowing for the planned use of services by the entire population at no cost. It was also intended that equality of access to services would be incorporated within NHS as a consequence of the availability of health services at no charge."
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The British National Health Service (NHS), 2007.
An examination of the British healthcare system, from it's inception to its current challenges.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the NHS, and describes how, in spite of inadequate budgets, both infant mortality and life expectancy rates are comparable to other modern Western countries. The paper explores how, at the same time that costs are soaring, the number of people needing services is rising, but those contributing to the social security funds are shrinking. The paper concludes that, while the NHS solved a medical emergency in 1948 when it was founded, it will have to continue to grow and evolve, and continue to find creative solutions to the problems it will face in the future, if it is to remain a viable health care solution for Great Britain.
From the Paper
"Great Britain also struggles with emergency care. In a hospital study conducted in 2003, NHS evaluators evaluated a hospital in the town of Hackney to see whether it met the government's target of a maximum of a four-hour wait for emergency care before either being admitted or released. The hospital performed quite well. However, the hospital knew the evaluation was coming. It pulled medical staff from other departments. The director of the hospital acknowledged that the hospital could not sustain that pace over time and that they had taken extraordinary lengths to keep the emergency room better staffed than it was typically."
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Development of the Welfare State and the NHS, 2000.
A discussion of how the main health problems of the poor, before 1948, would not have been solved by the provision of universal free health care.
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview health care provision before implementation of the national health service (NHS) in 1948 which bought universal free health care for all, including the impact of the industrial revolution, poor law, smallpox epidemic and Beveridge. It looks at how the provision of universal free health care worsened the accessibility to it of the poor and how although the aim of the NHS was to remove class inequalities in accessing this health care however, its implementation seems to have shifted the disadvantage of the middle classes to the lower classes.
From the Paper
"To receive care under the Poor Law had to be in receipt of a medical order, which was available from one person ? the Relieving Officer. To obtain this order the Relieving Officer had to be tracked down and then the patient had to attend a meeting to explain why he could not pay for his medical care. If the patient was unable to do this then the only other option open to him was to be treated in a voluntary hospital."
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Public and Private NHS, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of moving the British National Health Service from the public sector to the private sector.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The National Health Service (NHS) is a state run entity set up by the Labour government after 1948 as part of the welfare state, and is free at the point of entry for all patients regardless of income or health problem. It was originally run by local authorities with funding from public money allocated by central government. This paper discusses how in recent years this money has been moving to the private sector and many have speculated that this is privatisation by stealth. The paper attempts to understand this process by giving some historical context to the events of the last few decades while pointing out some of the advantages and disadvantages, and the forms it could take, of privatisation.
From the Paper
"At the same time though because of the lack of reinvestment in the NHSs' infrastructure and Gordon Browns' adherence to EU spending targets, alternative funding methods must be found. A recent study by the Health Consumer Powerhouse (HCP) (2007) showed the UK at 17th place, behind Ireland, Czech Republic and Estonia in provision of healthcare. Three countries a long way behind the economic development of the UK. In fact while per capita spending placed the UK in 12th place, the Czech Republic placed 21st showing that efficiency targets are possible if money is spent wisely. "
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Marketing in the NHS, 2004.
This paper looks at the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), its various departments and how they function and how their products are marketed to the public. The paper explains HHS functions to provide health care to those who cannot afford it and provide Americans with the best healthcare available through the efforts of the NIH and CDC.
From the Paper
"The National Health Service Corps, NHSC, is part of the larger Department of Health and Human Services, HHS, which includes the National Institutes of Health, NIH, the Food and Drug Administration, FDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, the Indian Health Service, IHS, the Health Resources and Services Administration, HRSA, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health, SAMHSA and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, HHS."
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The British Healthcare Labor Market, 2006.
This paper details the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain.
3,880 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper explores in-depth Britain's NHS which was initially instituted to provide affordable healthcare to those in need however with the development of the commercialization of British society the NHS is slowly moving into the hands of private enterprises. This paper discusses the current situation in the UK regarding doctors and nurses as being quite serious and the government's attempts to reduce the financial liability of the NHS have only worsened the situation.
From the Paper
"The planning of healthcare has however never been an area of great expertise for the doctors, and this probably makes them more easily amenable to accepting the decisions of others than making decisions on their own ability. This question has been studied by the Herald in Glasgow. There the health minister of Scotland had mentioned that the reduction in the numbers of beds at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh was decided by the clinicians when private finance came in. It was said that the number of beds were decided by them. Then the same question was put to the clinicians and they said that they were told about the maximum permitted costs and the number of beds that could be made available with that cost. Then the clinicians decided on the allocation of the beds between the different specialties."
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Organizational Change, 2006.
This paper is a literature review to study organizational change as related to the U.K. National Health Service's (NHS).
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how organizational culture and leadership style are important factors in the U.K. National Health Service's (NHS) ability to implement its proposed continually expanding and improving health and social care services. The author points out that the research indicates that organizational culture is correlated closely with an organization's ability to implement change. The paper relates that the type of leadership produced by human resources and general management can play a significant role in the ability of an organization to implement change. The paper includes some long quotations.
Table of Content
Introduction
Organizational Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, the literature on this topic that does exist asserts that HR policies can greatly influence organizational efficiency and the overall organizational culture. According to Cabrera & Bonache (1999), in their attempts at expanding the health and social care providers must already have objectives that are established. In addition, the organizations must consider the factors that need to be present to ensure that the culture of the organization is supportive of the aforementioned objectives. For instance, in the case of the health and social care providers, the organization must have a culture that is conducive to the implementation of new policies."
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National Health Service, 2004.
This paper examines the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the National Health Service (N.H.S.) in the United Kingdom. In this study, the writer claims that the N.H.S. is in crisis. The writer explains that this crisis results from extensive progress in the field of medicine, together with high expectations of the N.H.S. to offer top health care, at no cost to the individual patient. In addition, this paper explores the quality of management within the N.H.S.
From the Paper
"The N.H.S. has been in existence for many years. Each successive government has tried to reform the system in order to make it more efficient and effective. The N.H.S. is in crisis and the crisis results from the extraordinary advances in medical science, combined with expectations that the NHS will provide the finest health care anywhere at no cost to the patient. This paper explores how rationing reduces the quality of health care and the alternatives to rationing."
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UK Nationalized Health Care System, 2004.
This paper discusses the survivability of the UK nationalized health care system by reviewing its history, organization, and programs, and by comparing it to three other nationalized health services.
13,850 words (approx. 55.4 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the NHS was established on the principle of the collective responsibility of the state to implement a comprehensive health care system designed to meet the health care needs of the total population, in which all UK citizens would have equal access to health care services at no charge. The author points out that it was assumed, as health care improved, demand would decrease; but, within a very short period, the government found itself faced with too little funding to meet the persistent demand. The paper contends that Japan, Sweden, and Canada appear to have incorporated better provisions to insure that equal access is guaranteed to constituents as compared to the UK?s NHS. Table.
Table of Contents
Historical Perspective
Organization of the Study
Summary of 2000 NHS Plan
Current and Future Health Status and Healthcare Needs in the UK
Alternative Health Care Systems
Review of Healthcare Systems in OECD Countries
Japan
Sweden
Canada
Comparison of NHS with the Healthcare Systems of Japan, Sweden and Canada
World Health Organization and Health Care Funding
Current Trends in Healthcare Privatization
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Plan, as reported by the Department of Health (2000), is also designed to insure that the needs of the elderly are better met. The Plan includes the incorporation of national standards for caring for older people to ensure that ageism is not tolerated and personal care plans for the elderly and their caregivers will be provided, with nursing home services made free by 2004. There also will be an additional ?900 million package of new intermediate care services to allow older people to live more independent lives. The NHS Plan also includes further efforts to insure that inequalities amongst patients are targeted, with a focus on increasing and improving primary care in deprived areas; the introduction of screening programs for women and children; the provision of step up smoking cessation services; and the provision of free fruit in schools for 4-6 year olds."
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Selling Medical Supplies in Mozambique, 2006.
This paper is a marketing analysis of the selling of medical supplies in Mozambique.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in addition to an acute incidence of AIDS, the local disease situation including bubonic plague, cholera, dengue fever, hepatitis A, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis and typhoid fever, presents an increased opportunity for selling medical supplies in Africa's Mozambique. The author points out that Mozambique's severe, generalized AIDS epidemic handicapped by a meager health infrastructure, pockets of population concentration and increased economic contact with adjacent nations with HIV prevalence rates. The paper relates that, although the National Health System (NHS), which is the primary service provider of allopathic service in Mozambique, faces extremely limited human and material resources, the NHS has managed to enhance the coverage of the health system since the last decade through an increase in the health facility infrastructure and health sector staff.
From the Paper
"While entering Africa's anti-AIDS drug market the company has to be considered as the top performer in the Black Economic Empowerment -- BEEE in South Africa and its expansion into the remaining region of Africa is backed by the SA Health Minister Manto Tshabalala Msimang. The new sector of trade and investment into Africa will render a crucial boost to the SA Black business that believes it has a hard task breaking into the white business world. The health minister stated that the local production of the anti-retroviral HIV treatment drugs which is being backed by the World Health Program must be seen in the context of the "regional" meaning of the African continent."
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Stress Therapies in the Workplace, 2004.
This paper discusses whether the workplace in general is moving towards complimentary therapies as treatments for work-related stress.
3,213 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses and considers the ever-current topic of stress. The writer looks at the effects of stress on certain aspects of the workplace and how complimentary therapies could be used, and are being considered as an effective method for treatment and prevention. The writer notes that the costs of stress, in terms of money and health in the UK and companies in general, is extremely high. The writer also points out how small steps towards combating stress using alternative therapies can be very effective. In comparison, the relatively small cost of alternative therapy treatments versus the huge cost of long term sickness, lost work days, prescription costs and general drainage on NHS resources makes prevention of stress, using alternative therapies, a worthwhile investment. The writer concludes that many more companies should be encouraged to make the most of effective stress prevention using alternative therapies as a means of caring for their workforce and helping the UK towards being a low-stress environment in which to work.
Outline:
Early Ideas of Stress
Stress and the Individual
Work Related Stress
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Kasl's theory also suggests that psychological strain results from the joint effect of the demands of a work situation and the range of decision-making discretions available to the worker facing those demands. This theory is also supported by Wallace et al in the finding that people working in high demand but low control positions report the highest frequency of stress symptoms and have the highest level of stress related illnesses. In support of this is a study reported by European Foundations for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions found, from a sample of 1600 Swedish men, 20% of them were experiencing heart disease symptoms, of these men all reported psychologically demanding jobs with a low degree of decision making latitude. By contrast, workers who reported low psychological demands and high levels of skill discretion had no symptoms of heart disease."
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US Health Care in the New Millennium, 2006.
A proposal for a new healthcare system which would cover everyone in the US.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper is a proposal for a new healthcare system which would cover everyone and be paid for by taxation. It would combine elements of systems which now work well (the NHS and Kaiser Permanente), along with advances in information technology to improve healthcare delivery and reduce costs.
From the Paper
The current health care system in the United States does not work efficiently or effectively and is unaffordable for many if not most people. A new system needs to be developed which will cover everyone and be organized so that doctors nurses and other ..."
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Examining No-Fault, 2002.
A look at an alternative to the current tort-based system in England and Wales.
18,238 words (approx. 73.0 pages), 37 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of the economic effectiveness of tort law in the common law legal system of England and Wales, as applied to medical and clinical negligence and malpractice cases. It looks at how in response to economic concerns and a continual rise in cases, an examination of the consideration of a proposed no-fault alternative to the current system is underway. It explores the basis of the current system, the impetus for change and the characteristics of no-fault reform as experienced by other countries and its pros and cons. The principal aim of tort reform is to limit the legal or financial exposure of the NHS (National Health System) to liability for damages and to streamline the process of compensation for plaintiffs.
Outline
The United Kingdom
Introduction
Statistics Regarding Claims
The National Health System
Obstacles to Due Process
The Case for Reform
The Regulatory Environment
The Rising Cost of Litigation
Lord Woolf?s Reforms
More Cost Controls
The United States
Introduction
The St. Paul?s Pullout
The Insurance Industry
Tort Reform In America
Fleeing Physicians
Statistics for Error, Injury and Death
The Call for Reform in 2003: A Familiar Refrain
The United States Situation, in Summary
New Zealand Case Studies
The Swedish Scheme
A Comparison: Which System is Better?
First: Underlying Differences
Talking Tort: American Peculiarities
Americans Consider No-Fault
Britain Considers No-Fault
Conclusion
Works Cited
Appendix A
From the Paper
"When St. Paul?s, the largest writer of medical malpractice policies, ceased to offer the coverage in 2001-2002, it was the a consequence of the attention that had been focused on the administration of this type of coverage. A 1989 investigation of St. Paul?s and one other insurer initiated by Michael Hatch, then Commerce Commissioner of Minnesota, revealed that over a six-year period premiums had increased 300 percent while claims had not. Hatch was quoted as saying the reason for the increase was: "Because they had the opportunity to do it. There was a limited market. People need coverage. The companies knew they had a corner on it, and they raised their rates accordingly." In response, a group of surgeons from Charleston jointly sued St. Paul for "grossly poor management". St. Paul?s consequently dropped that type of coverage as part of its portfolio."
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British Health and Welfare Policy, 2003.
A discussion on how health and welfare policies are influenced by political agendas in Britain.
2,502 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses how Britain is considered to be a liberal-democracy, whereby individuals select to vote for a candidate whose beliefs and values reflect their own and who is expected to lead the government forward and to develop policy in accordance with the values set out in their manifesto and in the interests of the public. It examines a selection of health and welfare policies that appear to have political motivations such as the 1906 Education Act and the 1948 NHS Act in order to establish the extent to which politics influences policy.
From the Paper
"In post-war Britain health care was diverse. It was supplied on a private basis to those who could afford to pay for it and by voluntary organisations for those who couldn?t. There was private insurance, state insurance (for workers) and free care for those with no insurance. There was a wide variety in the quality of care received. The same could be said for the knowledge of the doctors. Their geographical distribution posed further problems due to the fact that most doctors worked in affluent areas as there was money to be made there however, it was in the poor areas that they were needed most. Hospitals were forced to borrow money from the state, as there was an increased demand for their services following the war. As a result, the hospitals were facing the threat of closure."
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Strategies for Dealing with HIV/AIDS, 2002.
This paper is an in-depth overview of the aspects of the HIV / AIDS epidemic, including the profound issues and statistics on the virus in the developing and industrialized world.
3,080 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with an overview of AIDS epidemic in terms of its derivation and the possible causes of AIDS. It describes AIDS in developing countries and those countries' national government strategy for battling it, the paper continues by investigating AIDS in industrialized countries and comparing these policies to those in developing countries. To better understanding the differences locally and internationally, certain sample countries have been used to illustrate the situation. The paper also explores the global AIDS prevention strategy and evaluates how HIV vaccine developing.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overrview of AIDS
Introduction of AIDS
Global Picture of AIDS
Distribution of AIDS
AIDS in Developing Countries
Sex between Men in the Developing World
Government Strategy on Sex between Men
Education in Asia
Strategy Effectiveness
HIV Vaccine in Developing Countries
Thailand
South America
Africa
The Spread of Injecting and Drug Use in Developing Countries
The Golden Triangle
Drugs in Russia
AIDS in Industrialized Countries
American Syringe Exchange
Strategy Effectiveness
Syringe Exchange in the UK
NHS and Local Health Authorities
Global AIDS Strategy
World Health Organization
Global AIDS Societies
Vaccine Development
Conclusion
Appendix
Reference
From the Paper
"AIDS is now found worldwide. While, what is AIDS? Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) stated, ?AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is the result of damage to the immune system: the resultant deficiency in its functions allows certain specific opportunistic infections or tumours to flourish.? It is an opportunistic virus, which could take the opportunity to damage human being?s immune system and cause death.
"In 1986, there is a hypothesis released in St. Mary?s Hospital (1986), that is the disease may have originated in Central Africa and then expand to Caribbean, USA and Europe. While there are more and more scientists argued the origin of AIDS, Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) argued that ?AIDS was first identified as a distinct syndrome in 1981 as the consequence of a cluster of cases amongst gay men in large US cities with highly visible and established gay communities.? Peter Aggleton (1994) found that how serious that AIDS expand worldwide, the epidemic has increased over 100-fold since AIDS was identified in 1981, according to the research for the Harvard-based Global AIDS Policy. By 1992 at lease 12.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV (7.1 million men, 4.7 million women, 1.1 million children)."
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