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Neoliberalism in Education Reform, 2008.
This paper discusses how the welfare state's benefits for its citizens are being undermined by neoliberal thought and policies.
791 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Alan Sears' contention that the neoliberal agenda reconfigures social services to reflect its own needs of aggrandizing wealth and profits. The paper focuses on educational reform as a means by which the neoliberal ideology eliminates the social programs it considers "waste". The paper draws on journal articles to highlight how citizens' benefits of the welfare state are being eroded down to a pay your own "fare" state.
From the Paper
"At first glance it doesn't seem that the new global economy would have such a harmful effect on education. On the contrary, it would seem that more opportunities for employment would be opening up in an age of fast travel and business expansion, and what better means to prepare for it than progressive educational reform? The real question, however, is employment for whom? And the operative word is "recomposition". "Lean production" began to recompose society when wealth changed from the possession of land to that of capital. Just as the Industrial Revolution removed the farmer producers from the sources of production into the cities, so too a century later did their descendants become assembly line workers for unit production."
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The Reformation and Counter-Reformation Periods, 2005.
A brief over-view of a religiously-divided Europe during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation periods.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The following paper is a brief review of the religious schism that wracked Europe, principally France and Germany, during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation periods. The paper examines how the various leaders involved responded, and what the long-term consequences of their decisions were for their respective lands. The paper also notes how the period actually strengthened the French while weakening the Holy Roman Empire.
From the Paper
"The history of modern Europe has seen its share of troubling religious divides and more than its share of religious violence. That being said, the French monarchy was initially repressive towards religious dissent but gradually assumed a more progressive approach as the sixteenth century drew to a close. In the early decades of the Sixteenth century, however, Francis I was notorious in his brutal crack-down of the emerging sixteenth century Protestantism; this persecution was ably pursued by his successor, Henri II who also took it upon himself to contest a variety of territorial holdings with the Holy Roman Empire, England and Spain. As the second half of the sixteenth century proceeded, French efforts to thwart the Protestant upheaval grew in conviction."
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Neoliberalism, Corporatization, and Privatization, 2005.
The paper examines the predominance of neoliberalism through the past several presidential administrations.
3,015 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper examines problems in higher education that have resulted from economic neoliberalism. It examines how economic neo-liberalism has coerced concepts of privatization and corporatization throughout America and the field of higher education.
From the Paper
"Politicians, economists and proponents of free market economics maintain that when U.S. corporations are profitable, widespread economic prosperity soon follows. This assumption is founded on the belief that money accumulated at the top of society circulates throughout all economic levels and increases consumer activity. This supposed auxiliary economic action has been closely associated with the Regan administration, becoming generally referred to as "Reganomics," because his administration espoused a "trickle down" theory of fiscal distribution. Since this ideology has been firmly embraced through the past several decades of presidential administrations, radical changes in both the number and scope of social and educational programs are evident."
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Neoliberalism and Neorealism, 2005.
A discussion regarding Neoliberalism and Neorealism, two contemporary theories relating to international relations.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two of the most commonly used contemporary theories international relations, specifically with regard to the end of the Cold War. In light of the recent demise of the Soviet Union and the subsequent withdrawal of Soviet forces from Central Europe, the debate between neoliberal institutionalism and neorealism has taken on a new relevance. Neorealism and Neoliberalism concentrates on issues of conflict and cooperation with their implications for post-Cold War international relations.
From the Paper
"International relations is a branch of political science that deals with the foreign policy of countries within the international system. In political science, there are various approaches to international relations such as institutionalism, constructivism, and Marxism. In the 21st century, the most influential and predominantly used approaches to international relations are Neorealism and Neoliberalism. Neorealism claims that institutions in the international community only play a minor role in shaping international politics and that co-operation between nation states is impossible in anarchy (Powell 1994)."
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Citizenship under Neoliberalism, 2002.
An examination of the issues of citizenship under Neoliberalism from a British perspective.
2,877 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper first describes the changes Neoliberal administrations in Britain made to citizenship and the arguments that were used to justify those changes. It also critically assesses these arguments. The writer then provides a detailed illustration of how one specific group fared with respect to one or more aspects of citizenship rights over the Neoliberal period.
From the Paper
"Faulks (1998:2-5) identifies citizenship as comprising legal definitions of citizens? rights and duties as members of a nation-state, philosophical definitions concerning the role of the state to deliver a just society and socio-political definitions that consider power relations that exist and affect society. These three elements overlap. Neoliberalism in Britain placed its emphasis on replacing social rights with market forces. As Faulks (1998:pages 53, 54 and 92) explains, this was the dominant ideology of the Thatcher and Major (and Blair) governments, inspired by Hayek and Nozick. One of the key doctrines of neoliberalism ideology was the ?superiority of the free market over state planning in providing for individual freedom and prosperity?. From this, numerous issues arise, of which the following will be considered: privatisation; the relationship between individuals and society; the concept of active citizens; and the role of the state."
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Neoliberalism and Reconstruction in the Middle East, 2005.
A look at the concept of neoliberalism in the context of the reconstruction of Iraq.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses neoliberalism in the context of the reconstruction of Iraq and possible reorganization of the state boundaries in the Middle East. The paper looks at the suggestions and philosophies of Noah Feldman, Leslie Gelb and John Ikenberry for the optimal route towards reconstructing an Iraq that is most compatible with U.S. and local goals.
From the Paper
"Since the occupation of Iraq, there have been many discussions and plans as to how to best reconstruct the country and make it functional once again. One of these approaches is best described as "neoliberal," which has evolved from the neoclassical philosophies of the last century, and is often associated with corporate colonialism and globalization ("Neoliberalism"). While the language used by neoliberals to discuss their plans and ideals often sounds like it is extremely pro-democracy and for the people, the overall effect of these goals benefits corporate power, especially US corporate power. Neoliberalism is supported by multinational agencies like the IMF and the World Bank, and favors privatization over state-controlled resources ("Neoliberalism"). "
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Neoliberalism, 2002.
An examination of the principles of Neoliberalism and its application and the effects of these laws in Latin American countries.
732 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term ?Neoliberalism? has been used as an umbrella term to denote new applications of the classical liberal ideas dating back to Adam Smith. It looks at how as an economic principle, it has much in common with its liberal roots and how like liberalism, it is rooted in the market and market forces. In particular, it looks at how it allows for the concentration of wealth in the hands of private conglomerates and how this has resulted in a growing disparity between the wealthy and poor. It shows how viewed geographically, this division has occurred along the North-South divide, where corporations from the United States and Western Europe benefit from one-sided economic policies instituted in poorer countries like Mexico, Haiti and countries in Latin America.
From the Paper
"Even within richer countries like the United States, neoliberalism has resulted in the reduction of public goods and services for the needy. The increasing "corporatization of America" has allowed the private sector more opportunities to shape public policy in their own favor. By virtue of their policy-shaping power and their size, many corporations can now push ?trade deals and other accords down the throats of the world's people, mak(ing) it easier for corporations and the wealthy to dominate the economies of nations around the world.? (McChesney 18)."
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Neoliberal Collapse in Argentina, 2005.
Examines the theory that Argentina's economy collapsed due to the mismanagement of neoliberal reforms.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Argentina is a country that has experienced extreme periods of wealth and poverty. Its history is full of erratic changes in political, social and economic conditions. Most recently, following a seemingly prosperous period, Argentina plunged into the depths of an economic crisis, the worst in its history. This paper shows that there are numerous circulating theories explaining why such a disaster occurred. Some blame the IMF's initial supportive stance, which then changed to a stringent handling of the country. The paper shows, however, that most convincing is the perspective that Argentina mismanaged the neoliberal reforms it implemented at the end of the last century. This theory purports that such political, social and economic disasters were inevitable considering the ineptness of the ruling administrations.
From the Paper
"The origin of such extreme measures was due to then president Menem's desperate attempt to exhibit administrative success and gain popular approval before the country's midterm elections (Starr, 2003). In essence, he was sacrificing the long-term welfare of Argentina for short term personal advances. This is characteristic of recent Argentine politics, wherein restricted vision of personal desires creates devastating repercussions on a national level. It didn't end there, however. With the privatization of government enterprises, an intense flow of foreign funds entered the country, thereby spawning additional private desires. "
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Leo and the Reformation Movement, 2003.
This analytical essay looks at the issues surrounding the reformation particularly the reformation in Germany that was started by Martin Luther.
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer discusses Pope Leo X?s role in provoking the reformation movement. It also looks into the other factors that led to the reformation and how they and Leo X?s acts, led to Martin Luther posting his 95 theses. It explains that this act started the journey to a fully reformed faith which was totally split from the Roman Catholic Church. The writer argues that while a reformation was inevitable due to the behavior practiced by the Catholic Church, particularly its senior clergy, had Leo X not instructed Johann Tetzel to sell indulgences in the Holy Roman Empire, Martin Luther would not have posted his 95 theses.
From the Paper
"The reformation was the splitting up of the Catholic Church and the formation of new Protestant faiths. The reformation was a long time in the making. For centuries there had been growing unrest, particularly as noblemen and kings became more powerful and independent from the Pope. Many factors brought about the reformation including the lavish lives of the clergy from the Pope down to his Bishops. In a time where not many people could read and there was a large difference between the rich and the poor, the lavish lives enjoyed by the clergy were vastly different to the pitiful lives of many members of their ?flock?. Luxuries enjoyed by priests, who had even taken vows of poverty when entering the church, led to many people getting critical of the church and its members. The Pope increasingly became a political, not spiritual, leader more interested in gold, luxuries and land than prayers and conducting the religious duties that he was ?elected? to perform. All tensions reached a climax when the Pope commanded the Papal army to siege an Italian town held by the French."
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Timothy George's "The Theology of the Reformers", 2006.
This paper analyzes "The Theology of the Reformers" by Timothy George, which presents the lives and teachings of three great religious reformers: Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli and Menno Simons.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in his book "The Theology of the Reformers", Timothy George does not avoid presenting difficulties to believers but assists the reader in gaining faith and knowledge of God through the reformers. The author presents in detail the lives and beliefs of Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwinglu, who is considered the most important reformer in the Swiss Protestant Reformation and the only major reformer of the 16th century whose movement did not evolve into a church, and Menno Simons, who is the founder of a loosely related group of Reformation believers known today as Mennonites. The paper states that all three reformers were presented in a sympathetic light; however, George does not stop from showing the reformers belligerently holding on to their divisive approaches to the sacraments, when compromise or at least temporary concession may have been better for the church at large.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Martin Luther
Huldrych Zwingli
Menno Simons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Martin Luther was a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions. Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretha Luder on 10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Germany and was baptized the next day on the feast of St. Martin of Tours. Luther's call to the Church to return to the teachings of the Bible resulted in the formation of new traditions within Christianity and the Counter-Reformation in the Roman Catholic Church, culminating at the Council of Trent."
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Anti-Clericalism and Pre-Reformation England, 2007.
An analysis of the extent to which anti-clericalism contributed to an atmosphere ripe for reform in the pre-reformation (pre 1529) English Church.
2,977 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the eventual creation of the Church of England by King Henry VIII. It discusses how, although problems with the Catholic Church did exist, on the whole society believed in its central teachings, participated in its operations and invested heavily, both emotionally and financially, in its future right up to and beyond the Parliament of 1529.
From the Paper
"Much of the reason why members of Parliament, who as lawyers and merchants had particular grievances with the Cardinal, allowed proceedings within the House to escalate - to the point that the Church itself was placed under the spotlight - might be sought in the satisfaction they drew from puncturing the taboo that the Church was beyond reproach. More plausibly, however, Parliament's eagerness to ridicule Wolsey stemmed from circumstances during the previous summer of 1528 when a severe outbreak of sweating illness broke out in London, claiming heavy casualties. A by-product of this epidemic was how it inadvertently contributed to shoring up the coffers of priests rather than doctors, since it led to the payment of more mortuary and probate fees. Such bitter experiences may have conceivably lingered in the mind of parliamentarians as a reason why debates were allowed to reach such venomous proportions. "
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Russia and China?s Economic Reform, 2005.
Compares Russia and China's economic reform in the 1990's.
4,520 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the economic reforms and the results of those reforms of both Russia and China during the 1990s and analyzes why Russia's economy has made a dismal performance whereas China's has emerged successful. The paper explains that Russia tried a "shock" approach to economic reforms, while China took a more gradual approach to reforms and, perhaps this fundamental difference in approach is the primary reason that one country has done well while the other has suffered. The paper also consider the historical conditions of each country and how these conditions influenced the outcome of the economic reforms as well as how the differences in the allocation of resources affected the economic reforms and their outcome.
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ever since the beginning of 1990s, the attention of the world has been concentrated on the persistently emerging relationship between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. Much has been authored on the costs and benefits of such relationship and the prevailing analysis already tends to support China as one of the dominating states to come out in the coming decades in comparison to Russia. (Russia and China: Business Partners, Weary Neighbors) Hopefulness over the market restructuring of Russia wiped out with the crash of August 1998, when the ruble depreciated by 70 percent of its value and banks could not settle the debts and endorse currency contracts. In contradiction to the reform assurances by Yeltsin, the Russian economy of the 1990s more closely resembled a Soviet model than a market driven one. (The Logic of Economic Reform in Russia) "
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Choice-based Education Reform, 2005.
This paper discusses choice-based education reform designed to ensure that under-privileged individuals receive a good education.
5,660 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most promising systemic educational reform plan involves school choice, a school system that allows parents to select which school their children attend, thus giving parents the freedom to move their children out of ineffective schools while at the same time motivating the ineffective schools to improve. The author stresses that the government should only open the school choice program to families who 1) demonstrate economic need and 2) whose children would be assigned to an inadequate public school. The paper states that an effective educational system based on choice must include religious schools among the choice options.
Table of Contents
The Significance of Education
School Reform Efforts
School Finance Reform
Reform Plans Involving Forms of School Choice
Inter-district Transfer Plans and Controlled Choice
School Choice Systems in Milwaukee and Cleveland
Barriers to Choice-based Education Reform
Legal Obstacles to School Choice
A Pyrrhic Desegregation Policy
Political Barriers to School Reform
Conclusion: Constructing a Feasible School Choice System
Overcoming Legal Barriers
Religious "Choice" Schools
Designing a School Choice System
Targeted Participation
Maximum Number of Available Options
Funding School Choice
The Choice Process
Evaluating a School Choice System
From the Paper
"Ironically, reform efforts to ensure equal educational opportunity have faced opposition from interests pursuing a strict desegregation enforcement policy. Some of these proponents of a strict desegregation policy have confused the means with the ends in providing for equal education through the desegregation doctrine established in Brown. The reasoning by the Court in "Brown" implied that the purpose of integration was to ensure that racial minorities received an equal educational opportunity: "We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities?" This implies that equal "tangible" factors are necessary elements of an equal educational opportunity."
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Educational Reform in the Global Community, 2005.
A discussion regarding education reform and society in the global community.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses reform related to education in the global community. The paper focuses on the attempts of eleven countries, spanning five continents that have attempted educational reform in the past several decades. This paper then further pinpoints the issues that surround the educational reform, the problems that it attempts to address, and the results of the reform in comparison with the other countries investigated. The paper is significant in educational research because it develops a pattern of global reform that should be addressed within countries that are developing educational reform systems.
From the Paper
"Although the twenty-first century possesses great aspirations for students that dream of changing the world, educational systems across the continents often do not have the ability to assist with such intentions, and are struggling within society to implement educational reform. Often the complication lies in the ability of the social structure to be made aware of the difficulties that exist in education, or it is society's disenchantment with systems that were long contended as unchangeable that led to a dormancy in action to reform the methods that are devised to provide public education. However, the research indicates that battles are being waged across the globe to instill educational systems that will meet the needs of the children of today within the global community, and prepare a framework for the progress of education in the future."
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Martin Luther: Reformer or Revolutionary, 2001.
An analysis of the humble beginnings of the Protestant Reformation led by religious reformer, Martin Luther.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the life and times of Martin Luther that led to a reform movement being swept across the world. It examines Luther's relationship with the Pope and Catholicism which eventually lead to the split.
From the Paper
"It has seldom happened that the story of one man was essentially the history of a great movement in human progress. Martin Luther was often referred to as the monk whose words were ?half-battles?, was superior among the reformers, and in general stands for the Reformation itself. But recognition of Luther?s dominating position and representation should not make us ignore the other factors in the religious revolution, which was the achievement not of one man, but of advancing generations with many leaders."
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