| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "NECESSITY PARACONSISTENCY DEONTIC LOGIC": |
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The Necessity for Paraconsistency in Deontic Logic, 2003.
A short critique of the current form of Deontic Logic, focusing on the work of Ernst Mally, followed by an argument for the integration of some central aspects of Paraconsistent Logic to the already existing systems of Deontic Logic.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly introduces the reader to the history and current state of Deontic Logic, a formal system that attempts to formalize moral judgment by exploiting the apparent similarity between the modal operators of alethic logic, necessity and possibility and two basic concepts of morality, obligation and permissibility. The paper lays out the basic structure of Deontic Logic and critiques it through examples that show that certain conclusions reached by applications of the logic are contradictory. It then shows that integration of paraconsistency into the logic will lessen the currently catastrophic effect of these contradictions.
From the Paper
"Most non-classical logics, supplemental or rival, have been proposed as improvements on classical logic, or are based on systems which were created to this end. Even those which claim completely different universes of discourse than classical logic, such as the epistemic, deontic, or tense systems, are generally founded on principles of a system which is in some way rival (in the informal sense) to classical logic (in their case, alethic modal logic). But, rarely, a proposed system (and its manner of departure from classical logic) seems more intuitively applicable as a correction to another proposed non-classical system than to classical logic itself. Such is the situation present in the relationship between Deontic logic, the system of formalized ethical judgement, and Paraconsistent logic, the system of turbulent belief-sets."
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Electronic Certificates of Medical Necessity, 2004.
An analysis of the usefulness of electronic filing of certificates of medical necessity (e-CMN).
1,847 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Medical billing can now become a relatively painless process for the personnel in a medical facility through the electronic filing of certificates of medical necessity (e-CMN). This paper explains how manually filling out paperwork is very time consuming and is not very cost effective. However, the technological advancements created in the area of medical billing are very efficient. It looks at how, while many offices now fax the CMNs, the incorporation of e-CMNs into the medical office and billing process decreases overhead costs, reduces paperwork, and helps substantially with the on-going battle to comply with the ever-changing Medicare requirements. It argues that, while each of the previous reasons is enticing enough to consider incorporating e-CMNs into the office routine, the increase of revenue is certainly a major benefit and is the direct result of the time reduction with the filing process.
From the Paper
"In September of 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services revised the Medicare Program Integrity Manual (PIM) to include the acceptance of faxed and electronic CMN?s and other electronic communication between suppliers and physicians while improving program integrity (Bachenheimer, 2002). The PIM included instructions for how e-CMNs should be created and used, while also specifying that they must ?adhere to all privacy, security, and electronic signature rules and regulations. Additionally, e-CMNs must contain identical questions/wording to the paper CMS forms, including the same pagination, and identical instructions along with definitions as printed on the back of the hardcopy form? (McClinton, 2002)."
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The Necessity of War, 2002.
Reviews three major works about war and warfare in order to explore the different perceptions different cultures have on the need for war.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The perception of war and warfare differs dramatically between cultures, where war tends to manifest itself as being the cause of humanity or of the gods. However, almost all cultures agree that war is a necessity in that conflict between communities needs resolution. Discussions on the topic of war and warfare from three specific cultures reflect this, and this paper explores these and similar themes through addressing the works The Ramayana (Hindu), The Art of War (China), and The Chronicles of the Crusades (European).
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A Military Necessity: the Japanese American Internment, 2006.
An examination of the interment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, due to military necessity, 120,000 Japanese Americans were unjustly interned in 1942, permanently scarring America, and creating a future precedence. The paper argues that this was an unjustified response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Surprisingly, the paper points out, many of the internees proved that they were able to make the best of a bad situation. Furthermore, despite the unfair treatment, a select few Japanese Americans were still willing to fight for their country and eventually became part of the most decorated unit in American history, the "Purple Heart Battalion". The paper concludes that this story proves that even in the face in adversity, people can do great things.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Journey to the Internment camps
Living Conditions
Leisure
Education
Release and Reparations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Education was another serious concern among the camps. Schools had to be set up quickly, and materials were in short supply. Most schools opened around October, an unusual month compared to normal schools. In Wyoming, "A block of barracks was set aside for use as classrooms. Books did not arrive until December and then only in limited numbers. If a student had homework, he or she had to check out the textbook for the evening. Paper and pencils were also in short supply. The chalkboard was a piece of plywood painted black. Students sat on benches, and though some teachers had a table, others used boxes for desks. Students who sat in the front of the classroom near the potbellied stoves roasted, while those who sat in the back wore coats to keep from freezing. The open ceilings made for continuous distractions as the noise from one classroom invaded adjacent rooms." Other camps had it even worse though, holding classes in dinning halls, which proved to be both noisy and crowded. Teachers were also extremely hard to come by, but were appreciated when they did. Students were eager to learn and naturally cooperative. Later in the years, real schools began to appear complete with libraries, auditoriums, and even wood shops. To make things even better, "Graduates from the high schools in the relocation centers who qualified for colleges and universities, went to these schools in the mid-west and east coast states, usually on full scholarships. By the end of the war, many of these "students" were ready to graduate with college degrees and enter the job market at the same time the returning service men were just getting ready to enter college." So many people received college degrees that many camps were even able hold reunions for the students."
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Circumcision: Medical Necessity or Cosmetic Cruelty?, 2001.
A comparison of the circumcision of females in African and Asian cultures and the circumcision of males in the United States.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper tackles the controversial practice of male and female circumcision inherent in various cultures. The author details several types of circumcision for both sexes. Conclusions are drawn by the author at the end of the paper in support of the banning of all circumcision.
From the Paper
"Ritualistic circumcision has been practiced in various cultures for thousands of years. While the definite origins of the procedure are not known, the earliest records of circumcision date as far back as 4000 B.C. in ancient Egypt. Forms of circumcision are performed throughout the world through different methods and for different reasons. Males and females receive forced mutilation of some or all of their genital areas and often do not receive an explanation for the practice. Circumcisions are almost always performed without any form of anesthesia and are very painful. As with many cultural traditions, the practicing population assumes that the operation is customary worldwide and in most groups."
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Truth and Belonging: The Necessity of a Psychological Home, 2002.
The essay compares "Oedipus Rex" and "The Ecstasy of Rita Joe", looking at the tragedy of being without a home.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the psychological stress placed upon the main characters in both Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" and George Ryga's "The Ecstacy of Rita Joe". The author examines the root of their stress: having no true place to call home, and no true sense of belonging.
From the paper:
"Humans need a place where they are comfortable and where they know they belong. The absence of this sanctuary causes severe psychological stress. For Rita and
Oedipus, the tragedy of their lives is this absence. Unable to find their sanctuary, they lead lives beset with confusion. In an attempt to find their home, they searched endlessly for the truth. The real tragedy is that there was no home to find. They were isolated wanderers. Wherever they went, their feet hurt."
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The Necessity of War, 2002.
A paper which uses the natural world to provide a basis for its argument that war is a necessary part of life.
714 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at biology and the insights of Charles Darwin to argue that war is necessary, that it is a part of life and that no moral argument for or against war will stop it happening in the future. The paper argues that war is an inevitable outcome of evolution, since, in essence, war is a fight over who controls resources. The paper also explains that war is an outgrowth of sexual selection and again looks at biology and its "survival of the fittest" theory for a basis to form an argument that war is simply a natural part of life.
From the Paper
"Inevitably, males compete for female attention, and often literally lock horns in that fight (consider moose in their fights where they butt and entangle each other with their antlers). Again, biology makes the rules: the fitter the male, the more likely he will be chosen by one or many females to reproduce. This basic impulse can lead to war. It is no coincidence that Helen of Troy was said to have a face that ?launched a thousand ships.? If males cannot reproduce, their genetic endowment will be lost. Much research in primates has shown that often it is the fittest males who win the reproductive favors from most of the males, while many of the other less fit, aggressive males don?t manage to reproduce at all. This is nature?s way of ensuring the strength of a given species."
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The Congressional Bill: A Necessity, 2001.
This paper discusses the need for a balance in democracy.
775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the specific use of a bill passed in Congress in the balance of powers in U.S. democracy. It explores the history of the U.S. government and what the original framers of the constitution had in mind for a power sharing government.
From the paper:
"If we study the history of the government we realize that the Constitution establishes three separate branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Each branch has its own area of authority. These areas overlap, making it necessary for the three branches to share in, and compete for, the power to govern effectively. Each branch has some constitutional authority that it can use to impede the functioning of the other branches, creating a system of checks and balances."
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The Necessity of Delinquency, 1997.
Applications of Foucault and Althusser on the Asian-American phenomenon in the United States.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Using well-known Marxist philosophers including Foucault and Althusser, this paper discusses the way in which the culture of power in the United States attempted to keep the Japanese Nisei, second generation in the United States, from prospering in their new home.The author analyses the laws and state apparatuses involved in keeping the Nisei from rising and thriving in society.
From the Paper
"In the chapter ?The Means of Correct Training? of Michel Foucault?s book Discipline and Punish, Foucault states, ?The chief function of the disciplinary power is to ?train,? rather than to select or to very, or no doubt, to train in order to levy and select all the more? (188). It is the attempt of the disciplines of ?imprisonment? and ?schooling? to create docile bodies to maximize economic production. According to Marxist theory, as applied by Louis Althusser in his essay ?Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses?, in a capitalistic state, the economy is the basis for society, and all apparatuses and disciplines focus around the capitalists and the accumulation of wealth. Althusser states, ?. . . Marx conceived the structure of every society as constituted by ?levels? or ?instances? articulated by a specific determination: the infrastructure, or economic base and the super structure? (134). However, in the capitalists attempt to train individuals to become docile bodies for the economic base to use as a means of reproduction of the conditions of production, those who do not conform to the rules, do not measure up to standards of intellect, or those that do not have the same racial background as the ruling class, are manufactured as delinquents or useless people. The ruling class uses the ?imprisonment? and ?schooling? disciplines to create a sense of uselessness in the people who are of no use or pose a threat to the ruling class. By encouraging delinquency in its enemies, the ruling class is able to control people they feel are of no use to them."
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Logic and Meaning for a Missionary, 2006.
An analysis of the applications of logic and meaning in the course of a missionary's work.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of a missionary employing logic and meaning. The paper begins by defining meaning and logic. It then looks specifically at inductive and deductive logic and Eastern and Western logic. The paper discusses how each of these can be applied to daily life and how they should be employed by a missionary in the course of his work.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Meaning
Deductive Logic
Inductive Logic
Western Logic
Eastern Logic
Life Application
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Inductive preaching is the reverse of deductive preaching. With this method, the preacher moves from context to text. They lead into the truth after interacting with the people. It is most effective with people towards the middle of the Engel Scale - those all the way at the negative end don't respond well to this, but those heading towards salvation and shortly after it seem to benefit most from these sorts of sermons. Done properly, it should expose the text of the Bible in the world of the listeners. Windsor compares it to watching a Polaroid develop. It generally feels less like a sermon. A Biblical example of this can be found in Acts 17 (Paul at Athens)."
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Logical Framework, 2007.
A research paper on logical framework, the method of framing the growth of national and global plans.
3,403 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper explores whether the use of logical framework during the project cycle in developing countries is because of its intrinsic value or merely because it is a donor requirement. Concerned with the importance, exploitation and launch of the concept of logical framework analysis (LFA), the paper highlights some of the important structural features involved in framing an efficient LFA. The paper discusses some of the essential conditions needed by the LFA and their employees in connection with the project planning matrix. Finally, the paper shows the value and important uses of the logical framework.
Outline:
Objectives
Background of Logical Framework
Stages in Logical Framework
Situation Analysis
Strategy Analysis
Project Planning Matrix (PPM)
Implementation
Problems in the Development of LF
Benefits of Utilizing Logical Framework System
Problems With the Logical Framework System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Logical Framework (LF) was first established by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to act as a helping tool in the creating, structuring, development and administration of its solitary or joint national/global ventures (Coleman, 1987, p. 251). Its importance lies in its ability to chain and categorize a variety of logical methods and circumstances that could be a result of any plan before its initiation. Due to his efficient feature, LF has been used regularly by organizations all over in tailored outlines (Pfenning and Schurmann, 1999)."
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Logical Fallacies in the Media, 2006.
An understanding of logical fallacies by finding four logical fallacies of two types in the media.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates techniques that exist in the media that present facts and events that cause those viewing or listening to the media to respond in predictable ways. The paper reports how these 'logical fallacies' are very effective techniques for drawing forth the desired response from news media observers.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
I. Argumentum Ad Populum
II. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam
III. The Anonymous Authority
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Argumentum Ad Populum refers to that which is a commonly held belief. One example of this is the supposed fact, as touted by news media and the present Washington Administration that the country of Iraq had 'weapons of mass destruction' which where a threat to the national security and safety of the United States. In fact an entire war was based on these 'weapons of mass destruction' which have been found to most definitely 'not' exist. This use of the technique of 'Argumentum Ad Populum' has been used in the past by the government but not to this great extent or to the cost in terms of lives that these logical fallacies perpetrated. "
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The Fourth Figure of Logic, 2002.
Explores the significance of the fourth figure of logic and examines Aristotle's intentional exclusion of the fourth figure.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the significance of the fourth figure in respect to its application within logic and logic theory, where the fourth figure is typically ignored because of its inherent confusion due to a general lack of clarity in formulation. A discussion of Aristotle's intentional exclusion of this fourth figure in the study of logic is examined in addition to the general discussion, where this paper shall argue that Aristotle disliked the use of the fourth figure because it was less clear than the other three major forms.
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Logic and Perception, 2005.
A look at the nature of logic and perception and the relationship between them.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the nature of logic and perception, and the relationship between logic, critical thinking, and perception. It looks at principles of logical reasoning, perceptual inference, rationality, and perceptual blocks.
From the Paper
"Science is based on logic, yet it is also based on perception and observations. Logic is often seen as a form of deception - a way to trick the mind into believing something without proof, whereas observations appear to be more reliable because people tend to agree that seeing is believing. However, perception is a preliminary acquisition of data without testing or evaluation applied, whereas logic is the application of reason and critical thinking to the observation. Logic is the test of accuracy and is therefore the..."
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Logical Fallacies, 2005.
A look at how logical fallacies confront people in all aspects of life and the harm they can do do our decision-making process.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how logical fallacies can affect us in academic and scientific research and even in the decisions we make in everyday life. The paper points out that a very valuable skill in making decisions is the ability to identify logical fallacies and to apply tools that help you identify them. Moreover, the paper describes some types of logical fallacies and some of the tools for identifying them, as well.
From the Paper
"There is little question that logical or analytical fallacies can (and have) plagued data analysts in all major fields of knowledge from the beginning of recorded time. Not only can these fallacies of reason cause immense harm due to their capacity to mislead, but they can also ruin an otherwise sound argument or conclusion. For this reason, it is important to utilize varied ?tools? designed to prevent or detect fallacies."
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