| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "NATURE PROCESS MAGNETIC POLE REVERSALS": |
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Nature and Process of Magnetic Pole Reversals, 2002.
An overview of the theory which predicts a reversal of the Earth's geomagnetic polarity.
6,075 words (approx. 24.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that according to recent research, the earth?s magnetic field has shown signs that it is ready to shift. If this occurs, the magnetic north will point south and the magnetic south will point north and have disasterous effects on Earth. The paper discusses how scientists measure the magnetic field by tracking its history from a gigantic crack in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean that oozes lava. As the lava solidifies into rock, it records the Earth's magnetic polarity at various times. According to these records, the Earth is overdue for another reversal. The paper shows that prior to a magnetic field reversal, the magnetic field typically grows weaker and weaker until it almost disappears. As a result, the poles flip and strong magnetism starts up again. The paper explains how magnetism levels in ancient pottery indicate that over the past 4,000 years, the magnetic field has weakened by about half. In this century alone, it has decreased by five percent. The paper explores theories put forth by scientists that the Earth?s magnetic field could disappear in the next few hundred or thousand years.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Origin of the Earth?s Magnetic Field
Paleomagnetism
Field Reversals
Theories of Magnetic Pole Reversals
Earth?s Magnetic Field
The Main Field
Secondary Field
Remanent Magnetization
Electromagnetic Dynamo Effect
Magnetization of Rocks
Curie Point
Processes of Magnetization in Rocks
Magnetic Anomalies
Paleomagnetic Data
Morphology of Reversals
Field Direction and Field Intensity
Field Reversals
What Drives Reversals?
Core-Mantle Boundary Processes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Over the past three-and-a-half million years, the Earth?s magnetic poles have shifted approximately nine times. This estimate has been found through sampling of the magnetic records formed by rocks in the ocean beds and in ancient lava formations.
Scientists do not know how or why the magnetic poles reverse for sure, nor do they know exactly what effect this will have on life, as we know it. Many believe that the magnetic poles of the Earth reverse an average of every 200,000 years, but the time between reversals has varied widely. The Sun reverses its magnetic poles fairly routinely: essentially every 11 years."
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Cobalt-based Hard Magnetic Films, 2001.
A highly technical paper that reviews literature on the operating procedure and magnetic properties of electrochemical deposited Co-based magnetic films.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This report reviews literature on the operating procedure and magnetic properties of electrochemical deposited Co-based magnetic films. The significance and limitations of electrochemical deposit Co-based magnetic films are analyzed.
From the Paper
" Hard magnetic materials have been a focus of interest in electrical engineering for years because of their applications as media in recording and potential applications in fabricating magnetic MEMS devices due to the strong magnetic field produced by them in absence of applying magnetic field1.2. Besides the hard ferrites and Nd2Fe14 B1, Cobalt or Cobalt-RE based magnets are mostly used hard magnetic materials because of their good magnetic properties as well as their excellent mechanical properties1. Generally speaking, Cobalt based hard magnetic materials are fabricated by PVD methods such as RF sputtering or evaporation. However, it is likely to be time and money consuming to apply these procedures, especially for a relatively thick film, say, 20mm or more, is needed. Furthermore, the fabrication of the film-type magnets on silicon wafers with CMOS integrated circuits has been considered as one of the most extremely difficult tasks due to the fabrication processing incompatibility between them."
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Time of the Day, 2008.
This paper discusses the importance of the time of day as it relates to research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
884 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that developers of research designs need to take all relevant processes into account if their results are to have validity. The writer notes that many researchers conducting functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests fail to take the time of day into consideration. The writer points out that this can lead to error given that cortisol levels are different throughout the course of a day. This is important because cortisol can cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to receptors in the hippocampus and frontal lobe. The writer explains that this can then have an impact on the neural activation/deactivation process, meaning the BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) in the MRI study and produce results that will not be properly interpreted unless the time of day is included as a variable.
From the Paper
"Higher levels of cortisol are associated with stress, and cortisol levels vary throughout the day just as levels of stress will vary throughout the day. Because cortisol can cross the blood-brfain barrier and bind to the hippocampus, levles of cortisol can have an effect on the neural activation and deactivation of the BOLD levels and so alter the results of the MRI. Time of day thus becomes an element in the process so that the clinician knows what time of day the examination was made and how high the levels of cortisol might be at different tiemns of the day."
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The Electric and Magnetic Sense of Animals, 2002.
This paper explores the different magnetic and electric properties that some animals posses.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explores animals' abilities to sense electricity and magnetism and their ability to use these qualities as part of their sensory machinery. The author examines the type of electrical energy that certain animals release and provides examples.
From the paper:
"Imagine what it would be like if you were able to sense electric and magnetic fields. You would be able predict when a bad lightning storm was coming and orient yourself in the right direction if you were lost in the woods. Although such abilities only exist in fantasy for humans, many animals? posses these abilities in real life. In this paper we will explore the fascinating ability of certain animals to use electricity and magnetism as part of their sensory machinery."
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Magnetic Hard Disk Drive, 2006.
An analysis of the construction, history, evolution, and importance of the magnetic hard disk drive in personal computers and other devices.
738 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the magnetic hard disk drive and how it works, from its creation to the present day. It also discusses possible future technological advances. It then discusses the varied uses of hard drives and the impact the device has had on society over the past few decades.
From the Paper
"Personal computer technology has grown exponentially over the past few decades, but at its core, construction remains focused on certain necessary components. The magnetic hard disk drive is one of those components. Despite its importance and widespread use, many casual computer users know little about the history of or workings of this device. The magnetic hard disk drive, or simply hard drive, as it is known by most computer users, has come a long way and evolved over fifty years to become the ubiquitous storage device the world knows today."
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 2006.
A review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper examines pathologies and diagnosis discovered through the use of MRI. According to the paper, research has found that MRI's can be used to diagnose various ailments and illnesses in the body, including the early stages of lung and breast cancer. Such diagnoses could potentially save millions of lives.
Outline:
Introduction
Pathologies and Diagnosis discovered through the use of MRI
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to pancreatic cancer and brain abnormalities MRI's can now be used to detect track inhaled or dissolved gases in the body. According to Kadlecek (2002) methods to examine the localized changes or abnormalities in lung structure and function were difficult to come by. The two most common types of diagnostic tools are spirometry which is the measurement of exhaled air volume and the speed at which it is expelled and the other diagnostic tool is chest x-rays, both conventional x-rays and those performed with CT scans (Kadlecek 2002). However when Helium-3 polarizers, are used in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it can also be used as a diagnostic tool and permit the microscopic examination of lung structure and localized studies of lung function, which were not previously possible (Kadlecek 2002). "
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Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1990.
This paper discusses the uses of computed tomography & magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of brain disorders.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) present both advantages and disadvantages relative to imaging for the diagnosis of brain disorders. While the MRI typically yields superior visibility of the suspected brain tumor mass, CT is superior to the use of radionuclide scans to set primary intracranial lesions. Further, while MRI does not "see" (image) bone, thus making it superior to CT for suspected intracranial brain tumor, its viability in scanning for vascular disease is as of yet unproved. In addition to these, contrast- ... "
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 2004.
Examines the history of MRI and its present-day applications.
2,450 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In July, 1977, an event took place that would forever alter the landscape of modern medicine. Outside the scientific research community, this event hardly attracted any notice at all. The event in question was the first MRI exam ever performed on a human being. The procedure required almost five hours to produce one image, and the images were, by today's standards, very primitive; however, its successors number in the thousands today. The advent of the MRI clearly represented the beginnings of a new standard in noninvasive radio-imaging that continues to be refined. This paper provides the background and history of magnetic resonance imaging, including its discovery and evolution and newly identified applications for the technique. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"MRI provides an unparalleled view inside the human body. The level of detail we can see is extraordinary compared with any other imaging modality. MRI is the method of choice for the diagnosis of many types of injuries and conditions because of the incredible ability to tailor the exam to the particular medical question being asked. By changing exam parameters, the MRI system can cause tissues in the body to take on different appearances. This is very helpful to the radiologist (who reads the MRI) in determining if something seen is normal or not. We know that when we do "A," normal tissue will look like "B" -- if it doesn't, there might be an abnormality. MRI systems can also image flowing blood in virtually any part of the body. This allows us to perform studies that show the arterial system in the body, but not the tissue around it. In many cases, the MRI system can do this without a contrast injection, which is required in vascular radiology."
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Magnetic Levitation Trains, 1999.
Examines concept, technology & development of Maglev train & the potential economic, social & environmental impact.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAINS: IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM
Introduction
This research examines the concept and technology of the magnetic levitation (Maglev) train with an objective of assessing the impact of the Maglev train on the ecosystem. The ?ecosystem,? for purposes of this research is defined broadly to include economic, environmental, political, population, and technological contexts.
Maglev: Concept, Technology, and Development
The Maglev train is a ?super high-speed transport system with a non-adhesive drive system that is independent of wheel-and-rail frictional forces? (Railway Technical Research Institute, 1997b, p. 1). The Maglev train represents a combination of superconducting magnets and linear motor technology.."
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Reverse Discrimination, 2002.
A discussion of reverse discrimination with an emphasis on how it hinders the educational process.
1,563 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of reverse discrimination. Specifically, it discusses how reverse discrimination holds back our educational process, and how many experts feel it applies to so many groups in America, including Jews, Asians and whites. Reverse discrimination is the process of admitting or hiring those who have been traditionally thought of as minorities, such as blacks or Hispanics, while overlooking other candidates who may be more suited for the job or school, because of minority "quotas" or the desire to add to the minority population of a school or company. It looks at how reverse discrimination exists and for education and the workplace to truly represent all facets of the American population, it ought to end, as it often overlooks some of the most qualified for someone to simply fill a minority "opening." It shows how it can sometimes ignore the raw talent of an individual, which is as unfair to the minorities, who may feel they got the position simply because of their race, rather than their talents and abilities.
From the Paper
"Clearly, colleges and universities are coming under fire for discriminating against students who are not minorities. These students, who may shine academically, are not admitted because of their skin color or lack of it, while other, less deserving students are admitted simply to add to the school's ethnic diversity. In other academic areas, students may be admitted who excel in athletics, but do not excel scholastically. Again, a student who is more academically suited may not be admitted to make way for the athlete. This is extremely unfair to deserving students who have the intelligence and test scores necessary to excel in a university setting, but do not get the chance simply because they do not fit into the university's ethnic balancing act. To counteract these problems, many states have banned the use of ethnicity or race as a qualifier when admitting students to state universities and colleges."
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Native-American Totem Poles, 2006.
A review of the Native-American Indian totem pole and it's importance to the culture of Native-American Indians.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the role of the totem pole in the lives of Native-American Indians. The paper first provides a brief history of the totem pole from the perspective of the British explorer, Captain James Cook and then goes on to discuss the history of the totem pole in Native-American Indian culture. The paper then explains the process of creating a totem pole, listing the meaning behind the various symbols.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Totem Pole Significance
The History of the Totem Pole
Steps to Making a Totem Pole
Totem Pole Symbolism
The Great Seal of the US and the Canadian Coat of Arms
Native-American Indian Oral Tradition
The Haida Totem Pole
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
" The Native American Indians did not have a written form of their language and totem pole stories and imagery were shared with the owners of the pole and those who they told. The only meanings which are on record are in cases where the owners of the pole left written record, granted interviews or in cases where the story has been transferred from generation to generation in a story. These stories are referred to as the "oral tradition" which is subject to change and become distorted over time.
According to the website of the Manataka American Indian Council: The Native American Indians placed the totem pole at the front entrance of the family's longhouse for honoring the clan's ancestors, to record the clan's standing, rights and accomplishments, in memoriam of a ceremony or spiritual experience and contains the symbolism of the qualities, experience, and exploits of the family clan. (Manataka American Indian Council, 2006)"
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Desalination Processes, 2008.
This paper explores Perth, Australia's reverse osmosis desalination plant.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the three main mechanical processes of desalination commonly used today: electrodialysis reversal, thermal desalination and reverse osmosis. The paper discusses how the preexisting water supply was not enough for Perth, Australia to handle all the new people moving to the city. The paper describes how Perth began using the desalination process of reverse osmosis to treat its seawater. The paper examines the problems of costs and energy sources as well as their solutions. The paper concludes that Perth's new reverse osmosis plant has proven to other parts of the world that desalination can be a clean, efficient and cost-effective process.
From the Paper
"Desalination is a mechanical process by which saltwater from oceans can be converted into drinking water for human consumption by removing the salt. There are three main mechanical processes of desalination commonly used today; electrodialysis reversal, thermal desalination, and reverse osmosis.
"Electrodialysis reversal is the most intricate and cost effective desalination system of the three commonly used processes. Electricity is used to ionicly charge the salt in the seawater molecules, and then it is passed through an ion permeable membrane filtering the charged salt molecules. On the other side of the membrane, the water is clean and safe to drink. This process is problematic because of its extensive use of electricity, which is expensive and sometimes unavailable."
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006.
A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper
"Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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Magnetism, 2004.
Examining how the phenomenon of magnetism has made a great contribution to the technological revolution.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the tremendous impact and the immense contribution of the science of magnetism in the technological arena. It begins by introducing the concept of magnetism and then discusses how it applies to nuclear magnetic resonance. It then discusses performing in-vivo studies and magnetoencephalography (MEG). It finally discusses how the technology is used in magnetic storage and magnetic chips.
From the Paper
"This era is characterized by the rapid advancements made in technology and the remarkable breakthroughs in every frontier of science have dramatically altered our lives. The phenomenon of magnetism in particular has made a great contribution in this technological revolution. The electron microscope, which is based on principle of magnetism, was one of the important and earliest scientific achievements (1930) which broke the barriers in the study of cell biology. Extensive research and development in the field has deepened our understanding of magnetic science and today we are better equipped than ever before to harness the power of magnetism. The application of magnetism is diverse and extends to almost all fields of science right from critical medical diagnosis to space engineering and information technology."
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Business Process Reengineering, 1999.
An analysis of what is a radical restructuring of a business process to dramatically improve the service level, reduce the total process time, activity cost, inventory cost, and waiting time of a process or of an entire organization.
1,296 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 43.95
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From the Paper
"BPR is essentially a radical restructuring of a business process to dramatically improve the service level, reduce the total process time, activity cost, inventory cost, and waiting time of a process or of an entire organization. One of the major components of BPR is to eliminate all non-value-added activities in the business process. Some of the activities, according to Kevin Tumays? article, include: ?combining duplicate activities, eliminating multiple reviews and approvals, the reduction of batch sizes, outsourcing inefficient activities, eliminating movement of work, and organizing multi-functional teams?.
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