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Natural Law and Plato, 2002.
An overview of Plato's theory of natural law from his work the "Republic".
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper will explore the area of natural law in the context of a discussion of Plato, and specifically, from his seminal work known as the "Republic". As well this paper analyses and presents the dominant strain of law in the modern context. This paper also focuses on the theory of 'rules' and 'legal positivism'.
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Natural Law, 2002.
A discussion of the concept of natural law, illustrating a number of different approaches to this concept.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the ancient concept of natural law, which is derived from knowledge of the nature of man. The paper provides a few different approaches to the concept, discussing, among others, Plato and Aristotle's views and beliefs of this issue. The social, political and moral aspects of natural law are examined.
From the Paper
"Natural law requires a minimal moral content as a prerequisite for viewing something as in contravention of the law, while the positivist school holds that the law is whatever the state (in whatever form that exists) says it is. The concept of the natural law has the advantage of being based on something immutable, though admittedly morality may differ somewhat from one society to another. The concept of natural law was first developed in the Greek world and has been carried through to the present day. There are a number of different approaches to this concept. The Graeco-Roman tradition held that there was a natural law that was accessible to mankind through reason. Christian theorists adopted aspects of Cicero's Stoic philosophy, an example of natural law, because of its emphasis on moral content. The Christian legal philosophy that developed was in many ways a fusion between the fundamental Christian teachings and the adapted teachings of the Stoics. Natural law is the belief that there is a higher law than that of a government and that any law to be written by a government must be compared to and brought into line with natural law. This higher law is considered universally valid, and it is reached or perceived by the application of human reason."
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Plato?s Laws, 2006.
An analysis of Plato's Laws as interpreted by Leo Strauss in "The Argument and the Action of Plato's Laws".
3,391 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a summary and analysis of Leo Strauss's interpretation of Plato's Laws, explaining that both Strauss and Plato introduce the reader to their ideas of perfection, which is composed of a society governed by divine laws, enforced by virtuous individuals, and filled with the promise of virtue of the soul.
From the Paper
"We may begin by asking ourselves; what is law? Certainly, this is a central question posed by Plato himself in his Laws, which Leo Strauss explores further in The Argument and the Action of Plato's Laws. It is clear that the entire reason for individuals living together in a city and establishing laws is to improve the lives of every citizen and the opportunity for happiness. Furthermore, it is apparent that man is not complete without having laws to govern him. If he chooses not to obey the laws set forth by society, he will end up as a savage or possibly cause his own demise. Strauss undertakes a mission of study to translate Plato's Laws; a work described as Plato's disillusionment with the idea of Perfection. He provides a critical view into a theory of political education within a democracy that is more a disillusion with politics than a discourse on the idea of achieving a perfect society. However, it is clear that a political education as described in this work should instill individuals with a means to self-discovery in order to find happiness of the body and soul."
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Plato and Confucius on Law, 2005.
This paper looks at the views of Plato, Confucius and Socrates regarding law.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the views of Plato, Confucius and Socrates regarding the law. In this paper, the writer explains the beliefs of these philosophers. The writer also looks at how their ideas of the law have survived to the present day.
From the Paper
"In this paper it will be shown that throughout history there has been an ambivalence towards the law with people acknowledging on the one hand that some form of law is necessary for society to function and on the other hand, declaring as Plato did, that Law is an ignorant and obstinate tyrant. Although issuing this condemnation of the law in Magnesia he considers the written laws of great importance, primarily because of their educational content. He believed that citizens should respect the law because of their role ... "
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Comparing Law, 2002.
Looks at the nature or meaning of the law from an ancient and modern Perspective, using Plato's "Theory of Natural Laws" and Ronald Dworkin's notion of "Legal Principles".
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
In the following analysis, the area of natural law will be explored in the context of a discussion of Plato and specifically, from his seminal work known as the "Republic". Thus, this paper will begin with a discussion of Plato's conception of natural law, and in turn, proceed to a discussion of more contemporary notions of law.
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, $ 69.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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The Nature of Freud, Socrates and Plato, 2002.
Comparing the theories of human nature according to Freud, Socrates and Plato.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
According to Freud, human nature is guided by superego and a relative state of morality. On the other hand, Socrates and Plato believe that human nature is determined by reason and absolute standards of morality. This paper guides the reader through the philosophies of these three thinkers to conclude their theories regarding human nature.
From the Paper
"Freud?s entire theory regarding human psyche and nature is based upon the hedonistic principle where superego plays an important role whereas Socrates and Plato believe that man is a rational being and because of this, reason plays the most important part in developing his nature and assisting him in discovering the highest good or finally attaining self-fulfillment. Though Freud believes that man operates on the pleasure principle, he asserts this principle does not allow any relevant space to super-ego. In Freud's three-part model of the mind, the superego assumes the role of conscience, acting as an internal monitor over the actions of the ego. However the role of super-ego as a conscience is limited to its role as a source of guilt. Freud believes that man is not driven by reason but by the super-ego?s role as a source of guilt. He asserts that man is only restrained from doing any harm to fellow beings because of the presence of super-ego which is both a conscience and a source of guilt. Since presence of superego will make a man feel guilty in event of a wrong action, Freud believes that this guilt is the primary restraint in human psyche, provided by superego and not reason."
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Business Law - Issues in Contact and Agency Law, 2008.
The paper discusses the legal issues arising from interpretations of Contract law and Agency law.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the case of an individual who entered into two separate legal situations, one contractual and the other relating to Agency law. The writer relates the difficulties that arose during the course of these transactions and of the legal action taken by the individual to gain compensation for alleged losses. The author examines the history of the two disputes and the legal differences between the two cases.
From the Paper
"In Jose's mind, he had accepted the Winnebago owner's final offer to sell the Winnebago for $25,000. According to the Winnebago owner, his original offer was to sell the vehicle for $30,000. When Jose offered $20,000 instead, that was a counteroffer which he rejected immediately. The Winnebago owner had then made a new offer to sell the vehicle to Jose for $25,000 which Jose never accepted, because when Jose responded "OK. If you change your mind, please call me," that was a rejection of his last offer. As of that rejection, the parties no longer had any outstanding offers or counteroffers on the table any longer except for the seller's original published offer of $30,000. Unfortunately for Jose, the lawyer he consulted confirmed the Winnebago owner's point of view and advised Jose to forget about any claim against him for breach of contract (Halbert, 24)."
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Natural Philosophy, 2002.
An analysis of 'Natural' philosophy in the Greek tradition.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss in two parts the 'natural' world of the Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato and Socrates. The first part will cover what is meant by 'natural' in Greek thought in accordance with women. The second part will discuss how one would go about living a life under certain aspects of 'natural' philosophy in the Greek caliber.
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 179.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Free Will, Morality, and Human Law, 2004.
A look at the idea of morality and human law in Plato's "Crito", Henry David Thoreau?s "Civil Disobedience", and "Letter From a Birmingham Jail" by Martin Luther King.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the idea of morality and human law is effectively dealt with in three classic works from different periods and very different circumstances. It looks at how, in "Crito", Plato describes the death of Socrates, who was convicted and imprisoned for corruption and impiety. It also examines how Henry David Thoreau?s "Civil Disobedience" was composed in the America of the 19th century, when Thoreau was imprisoned for not paying a tax he believes is unjustified. In "Letter From a Birmingham Jail", Martin Luther King follows Thoreau?s example of civil disobedience, having been arrested for a technical violation of an anti-parading ordinance.
From the Paper
"The Crito is Plato?s dramatization of the final hours in the life of Socrates. Socrates (Plato?s instructor) was convicted by an Athenian jury of 500 in 399 BC for charges of corrupting the youth and impiety. While in prison, Socrates is visited by an old friend, Crito, who tells him that they have arranged to break Socrates out of prison. Socrates has been sentenced to death. If he does not go along with Crito, he will be forced to drink the hemlock that will kill him. The Crito is a dialogue between Socrates and Crito, where Socrates explains the dilemma that is facing him. Although he may not believe that he was justly convicted, Socrates believes in the laws that were used to justify this conviction. He is forced with the moral decision of breaking from prison (and thereby disobeying the law) or accepting his fate, and dying."
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