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NATO in Serbia, 2000.
An analysis of the NATO invasion of Serbia by examining international law.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to justify the NATO strikes on Serbia by examining international law. This invasion, made for both strategic and moral purposes, and made in part because of violations of international law by Serbia, was itself an exercise in near-total disregard of international law.
From the Paper
"On March 24, 1999, President William Clinton of the United States of America ordered air strikes against Serbia as part of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) offensive, Operation Allied Force. Speaking to the American people, he explained: ?We act to protect ... innocent people in Kosovo from a mounting military offensive ... to prevent a wider war; to diffuse a powder keg at the heart of Europe that has exploded twice before in this century ... to stand united with our allies for peace.? The 30,000 soldier offensive was made in response to Serbian oppression of ethnic Albanians living in the province of Kosovo. NATO justified the bombing as an attempt to protect Kosovar civilians, to stabilize regional European security, and to maintain NATO credibility. This invasion, made for both strategic and moral purposes, made in part because of violations of international law by Serbia, was itself an exercise in near-total disregard of international law."
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NATO, 1991.
This paper discussion of the origins and evolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), describes NATO as linchpin in US-European defense structure since 1949 and analyzes individual members, their goals and goals of the organization.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been a linchpin in the U.S.-European defense structure since its founding in 1949. The end of the Cold War has been hailed as a major shift in world political power and as evidence of a less dangerous international climate, and this has also called into question the need for the continuation of NATO, among other defense alliances. The founding of NATO was a major post-war accomplishment for the mutual defense of Europe and the North Atlantic region. Throughout its history, NATO has been almost as much a source of internal tension among members as it has been an effective defense tool. Yet, NATO is seen as perhaps the most successful defensive alliance in history and remains today the only truly functioning ... "
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NATO's War to Save Kosovo, 2005.
A look at NATO's involvement in the Kosovo conflict.
2,045 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by introducing the functions of NATO and then discusses whether the Kosovo conflict was waged as effectively as it could have been. The paper then examines the reason the war was started, the way the war was planned and carried out, the thought that went into the attacks against Serbia. It looks at NATO's involvement in how it eventually ended and what the results were for both ethnic Albanians and Serbs.
Outline
Introduction to NATO
About the Kosovo Conflict: Was it Waged Effectively?
How the Seeds of the Kosovo War were Planted
The Allies and NATO Work Towards Defeating Milosevic
The Strategy used by NATO and the West to fight the Kosovo War
References
From the Paper
"The history of ethnic and political strife in the Balkan region defined as Albania-Greece-Macedonia-Yugoslavia-Kosovo is not a straight forward series of events to be able to discuss in a few minutes' conversation, but the reason for the war NATO waged against Serbia can be explained by following the actions of Serbian strong man, Slobodan Milosevic. Milosevic, whose regime, according to the authors in Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo, tried to rid Kosovo of ethnic Albanians, "created the largest forced exodus on the European continent since World War II" (6). The forced exodus of large numbers of ethnic Albanians was nothing new to this group, as the author points out (7), as Serbs lost control over Kosovo during World War I, and the nations of Serbia and Kosovo were combined to create Yugoslavia and tensions continued among Serbs, who hoped to regain control."
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NATO, 2007.
This paper explores the connection between NATO and The Marshall Plan and looks at how they affected the Cold War.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Marshall Plan played an instrumental role in the Cold War. The writer first describes NATO and the Marshall Plan. The writer notes that the research found that the Marshall Plan was developed in an effort to assist in the rebuilding of European nations following two World Wars. The research also found that NATO is an alliance that was created following the Marshall plan and that NATO was designed to ensure security and stability for the nations that are a part of the alliance. The writer concludes that the research indicates that the Marshall Plan and NATO created a strong alliance between the democratic superpowers led by the United States.
Outline:
Introduction
NATO and the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
The Connection between NATO and the Marshall Plan
NATO the Marshall Plan and how they affected the Cold War
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Marshall Plan was first brought to the attention of the world in 1947 through a speech presented at Harvard by Secretary of State George C. Marshall. The Marshall plan was formulated following World War II and the purpose of the plan was to assist Europe in rebuilding. According to the United States Department of State, the Marshall plan proposed that the United States give $20 billion to European Nations for relief. However, the monetary contribution was dependent upon the ability of European nations to work together to develop a plan concerning how the money was to be used."
"The Marshall marked the first time that Europe had to act as a unified economic unit. Initially the Marshall Plan offered aid to the Soviet Union and its allies; however, Stalin rejected the plan as a hoax and would not participate."
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U.S. & NATO, 1997.
This paper argues that the U.S. should drop out of NATO. Discusses its changing goals since the end of Cold War & Soviet threat. Looks at the German nationalism factor and NATO expansion's.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"UNITED STATES AND NATO
This research paper examines whether the United States should remain a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Its thesis is that the United States should give notice of its intention to withdraw from NATO for the following reasons: (1) the original threats which induced the United States to play a leading role in the creation of NATO have substantially diminished for the foreseeable future; (2) the current expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe and regional conflicts runs counter to the vital national security interests of the United States and at some point is probably unconstitutional; and (3) faced with more pressing priorities at home and abroad, the United States should induce the Europeans to assume primary responsibility for its own security."
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Canada and NATO, 2004.
An argument on the legitimacy of NATO even after the collapse of the U.S.S.R and the need for Canada to remain an active participant in the military bloc.
3,317 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 33 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Canada?s role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is insignificant compared to the other member states and attempts to show that Canada has little choice but to remain part of NATO. In order to understand this argument, it provides an examination of NATO, its history and a record of the organization?s involvement in Bosnia and Kosovo. It looks at how valid NATO is in the present day, 15 years after its mandate was toppled. The state of Canada?s armed forces are also discussed, focusing on what and who, led to their weakness. A study of arguments calling for Canada?s withdrawal from NATO is then presented, followed by accounts stating that Canada has no choice but to remain a part of NATO.
From the Paper
"Since the end of the Soviet threat to the West in the early 1990?s, NATO has gone through an ?identity crisis?. Through the Cold War, NATO?s existence was validated by immense conventional force buildup in Eastern Europe by the Warsaw Pact. The West sincerely believed, quite suitably, that they were under imminent threat of a Soviet attack. However, after 1991, ?NATO no longer seemed necessary to keep the Russians out or the Germans down.? Instead of disbanding, NATO decided to change its prerogatives and find a new meaning, a fresh claim to validity."
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NATO Vs. United Nations, 2008.
An argument for the use of NATO and other alliances to counter international terrorism.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that because the United Nations has proven itself an ineffective peacekeeping force and has exercised zero ability to confront terrorism, NATO and other alliance forces should be charged with preventing and combating world terrorism. The paper points out that Europe and the United States must be prepared to seriously deal with global terrorism through NATO and only then will NATO take on a useful role in the modern world.
From the Paper
"The increased use of terrorism to attack foreign nations has increased during the last decade at an alarming rate and on an even more alarming scale of destruction. Following the September 11, 2001, attack on the United States by organized terrorists, and because the United States' response to that attack has since itself come under world scrutiny and criticism, the time has arrived for the world community to take decisive action in coming to agreement on how, and by whom, action should be taken to prevent and to respond to acts of terrorism."
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The Clinton Administration and NATO Expansion, 2001.
A look at the Clinton Administration's involvement with the NATO expansion.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Clinton administration?s political, strategic and ideological motivations for supporting NATO expansion and whether the future of NATO will be as a collective defense pact or as a vehicle for democratic expansion.
From the paper:
"On March 16, 1999, the flags of the first three ex-communist countries to gain admission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ? Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic ? were hoisted above NATO headquarters in Brussels, marking the final act in the first stage of NATO expansion. Fifty years after its creation, with former Warsaw Pact members joining what began as an anti-Soviet alliance, NATO?s original purpose of keeping ?the Americans in, the Russians out, and the Germans down? seems to no longer apply. The Russians no longer possess the ability (and some would argue the desire) to realistically threaten European security. With growing assertiveness in European affairs, the Germans are not ?down,? but their increased role in politics, economics, and security of Europe does not inspire the panic it would have so soon after World War II when the alliance was formed."
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NATO Expansion and Peace, 2006.
A discussion of the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) during the Cold War and after.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the role of NATO has changed since the end of the Cold War. The paper tells us that, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, one might have expected that NATO would quietly fade into the background of world affairs, joining the legion of other defunct political institutions. However, this was not how the 1990s played out. Instead, NATO was expanded and given new life through new expansionist policies meant to secure peace and stability throughout non-NATO Europe. The paper goes on to suggest that this transformation, however, has not secured peace but instead serves only to extend and reinforce Western, particularly U.S., interests in Central and Eastern Europe.
From the Paper
"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has survived an unimaginable turn of events, from an institutional standpoint. NATO was designed to give the United States and Western Europe a collective defensive front against Soviet aggression, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. NATO was a foil to the Soviet Warsaw Pact and existed as such predominantly throughout the Cold War. Its raison d'etre was to provide mutual defense for its member nations. "
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NATO Intervention in Kosovo, 2006.
A paper examining the reasons and validity of U.S. and NATO intervention in Kosovo.
11,100 words (approx. 44.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 218.95
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Abstract
In an effort to determine whether or not the United States led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was correct in their intervention in Kosovo, along humanitarian lines, this paper presents information on the history, background and religions of the region and the crisis. The paper also considers the implications concerning state sovereignty that arise from the intervention, as well as NATO's background and purpose regarding questions of international law.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Historical Context of Kosovo
The World War II Period and Beyond
What Sort of War is it?
The Clinton Doctrine
The Motivations of U.S. Led NATO Forces
The Conduct of the War and World Involvement
Other Important Points Concerning U.S. and NATO
External Self-Determination and International Community
The Formation of New States
The Reasoning for the Action as it Unfolds
Some of the Consequences
International Law from the Interventionist Viewpoint
The Interventionist's Critical Question of Genocide
The Demonizing of Milosevic
The Story from the Yugoslav Point of View
Conclusions Then and Now
From the Paper
"The Serbs however finally liberated Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, and as expected, reprisals and the expulsion of the Albanian settlers who had been previously patronized by the Ottomans accompanied this liberation. Indeed, the ethnic cleansing, murders and other atrocities were actually far worse in this period than in the present although few outside the region knew of them. Moreover, few really concerned themselves with the problems until the First World War that actually originated in the Balkan region."
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NATO?s First Humanitarian War, 2004.
An analysis of NATO's intervention in Kosovo and its bombing campaign.
9,635 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that NATO intervention to Kosovo opened a new era for the UN-based international system. It looks at how this intervention can be considered a part of new interventionism in the post-Cold War era, which is aiming to reconstruct failed states and is justified on political and moral grounds. It discusses how although NATO members tried to justify their action on humanitarian grounds, they failed in their humanitarian objective. It was the first major bombing campaign intended to bring a halt to crimes against humanity being committed by a state within its borders, but it also created more disastrous humanitarian effects.
Outline
Introduction
The Historical Background of the Kosovo Problem
The International Efforts for Solving the Kosovo Crisis
Holbrooke-Milosevic Negotiations
Rambouillet Negotiations
The NATO Intervention
The Debates on Humanitarian Intervention
The Place of NATO Intervention to Kosovo Among the Interventions in 1990s
The Reconstruction of "Failed States"
The New Interventionism and the Legality of the Kosovo Intervention
Different Perceptions of States
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Before the crisis, Kosovo was a small territory in Europe with a population of only two million. But later on it became the focus of the most serious international conflict of the last years of the twentieth century. The problem in Kosovo dates back to the nineteenth century but assumed an international significance with the dissolution of Yugoslavia. After the suppression of Kosovo's autonomy but Slobodan Milosevic in 1989-90 conflicts started in the territory. Later with the acts of Serbian forces and Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA-UCK in Albanian initials) in Kosovo in late 1997 and during 1998 provided the context for direct intervention by external powers, which resulted in the NATO-led war and occupation of Kosovo in 1999. This intervention also contributed to the most serious international conflict of the post-Cold War period, threatening to undermine the grounds for consensus and cooperation between the great powers, mostly between the West and China and Russia."
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NATO in Kosovo, 2002.
Discusses the validity of the Independent International Commission's statement that NATO's action in Kosovo was "illegal but legitimate."
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 16 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This sixteen-page postgraduate research paper discusses the validity of the Independent International Commission's statement that NATO's action in Kosovo was "illegal but legitimate." It also deals with NATO's action as "humanitarian intervention." It is discovered through critical analysis that NATO's action was perhaps humanitarian, illegal and legitimate. And new international laws are needed to discard the "illegal" element in such actions.
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NATO, 2005.
A look at the development and purpose of NATO.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development and purpose of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and elements of success and failure in its role. It considers the role of NATO in the Cold War era as contributing to but not decisive in preventing an East-West confrontation. It also discusses failures and successes in the Balkans during the 1990s and concludes with current state of NATO and future prospects.
From the Paper
"NATO the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established by treaty in as a joint defense pact among Canada, the US, the UK, France and several smaller Western European countries. The ..."
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Expansion of NATO, 2003.
Discusses NATO-Russia relations since 1991.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 21 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Discusses NATO-Russia relations since 1991, the Soviet Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organizations nations prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the issue of NATO expansion to the east, and NATO as a politically-oriented interest regime.
From the Paper
"For 45 years, an undeclared state of war existed between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations and the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, an ..."
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2005.
This paper discusses the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for the period after the Cold War.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO is an alliance of the United States, Canada and a number of West European states that came into being in the wake of the Second World War.
The author points out that, with the i primary objective is to defend Western Europe from the perceived threat of the Soviet Union, NATO is the most powerful and arguably the most effective military alliance in history. The paper relates that, dominated by the superpower of the United States, the NATO alliance won the Cold War to the extent that it is expanding by incorporating former adversary states from the Soviet dominated and now defunct Warsaw Pact.
From the Paper
"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an alliance of the United States, Canada, and a number of West European states that came into being in the wake of the Second World War with its primary objective being to defend Western Europe from the perceived threat of the Soviet Union, is the most powerful - and arguably the most effective - military alliance in history. Dominated by the superpower of the United States, the NATO alliance "won" the Cold War to the extent that it has begun expanding by incorporating former adversary states from the Soviet-dominated and now defunct Warsaw Pact."
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