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First Nations Literature, 2008.
A critical look at North American culture as seen through First Nations literature.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses 'First Nations literature' as referring to the poems, novels, stories, plays, legends and songs created by Aboriginal writers from North America. The paper describes the lack of First Nation literature and how what does exist reflects upon North American society. The paper provides examples from two books (a novel and an historical text), a play, and a film in its analysis.
From the Paper
"The very making of this film offers a critique on North American society, as the filmmakers hoped to revitalize Inuit traditions and bring the legends of the past to a whole new generation of youth. The new growth in Native literature is continuing this trend, with distinctive Aboriginal voices speaking up to offer a renewed critique of Western society. This literature is uniquely capable of reminding all North Americans about the continued impact of our bloody history, the contemporary failure to ensure social justice for all, and the need for hope in creating a shared future together."
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First Nations Literature, 2008.
A review of First Nations Literature including two plays by Marie Clements: "Burning Vision" and "The Unnatural and Accidental Women", and a poetry book "Exercises in Lip Pointing" by Annharte.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses of some of the ways in which First Nations literature makes a criticism of North American society and culture. the paper explains that in "Burning Vision", Clements makes it clear that the First World is pathologically sick in terms of its attitude to the world and its people and resources. The paper then examines the theme of resistance and struggle and decolonization in three of the texts. The writer believes that if First Nations' existence is defined by their status as having been colonized by people of a different race, then their salvation lies in resistance and struggle. The writer concludes that if First Nations cannot decolonize their countries, they can at least decolonize their minds, and that is what many of the best First Nations writers strive to do, which accounts for the central importance of this theme in much of their literature.
From the Paper
"Clements also seems to imply that the ultimate expression of this rape is nuclear destruction - the ultimate assertion of power, delivered in phallic-shaped bombs by phallic-shaped jets. In this regard, it is important to remember that FAT MAN was the name of one of the atomic bombs. Moreover, the other atomic bomb was code named LITTLE BOY. This was unintentional irony, given that it is Western male aggression that propelled colonization, as well as the kind of destruction meted out by the atomic bombs. In The Unnatural and Accidental Women, Clements seems to be on a totally different track, focusing on poor women living in Vancouver's Eastside in the 1980s."
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Landscape and Nation in Literature, 2002.
Examines the relationship between landscape and aation in Bronte's "Jane Eyre" and Milton's "Paradise Lost".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In literature, landscape and nation can be reflections of the owner, of the prevailing level of spiritual or figurative health of the owner or community and are direct connections between the characters and the society in which they live. Two works, Milton's "Paradise Lost", and Bronte's "Jane Eyre", employ landscape as a reflection of the characters. Social movements of pre-industrial England, were to shy away from the press of the urban areas, to describe them in terms of stark limitations where the soul could not grow - literally and figuratively. In the countryside, however, there is both beauty and isolation that symbolize a person's soul and path in life. Nation is used in literature to imply the unifying precepts upon which a life is built but it is also used at times as a symbol of imperialism. Nation is the archetype that guides all behaviors and makes all behaviors variations on their theme it is also that which justifies the manipulation of the land - nation is Manifest Destiny. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the relationship between landscape and nation in "Jane Eyre" and "Paradise Lost".
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Nationalism in Literature, 2003.
A comparative analysis of the representation of theme of nationalism in Voltaire's "Candide" and "The Book of Ruth".
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the mingling of bodies as an umbrella theme in two literary texts: Voltaire's "Candide" and "The Book of Ruth." It looks at how, in these texts, mingling occurs more specifically in sexual encounters, both voluntary and involuntary, in violent clashes and wars, and even in cannibalistic rituals, all of which appear to have related textual implications. It attempts to analyze the significance, literal and symbolic, of these acts as expressions of national strength and assertion, conquer, defeat, and as acts of nation-making and nation-breaking.
From the Paper
"In Candide, the mingling of bodies is a symbol of power and destruction. Significantly, a large proportion of the situations in which bodies mingle involve rape or cannibalism. Voltaire fills his representation of the world with warring groups, who constantly attempt to exert power over one another. Violent acts of mingling performed by members of these groups on the bodies of their enemies serve as a means of expressing control and domination over the national body. When the Bulgar soldier rapes Cun?gonde after destroying her father?s castle, his actions have the same effect as if he were driving a flag into the ground and claiming his territory. As she relates to Candide, while she is being raped she realizes that ?everything which had happened in my father?s castle was a mere matter of routine."
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?Literature; Ancient Greek Literature?, 2002.
A discussion of the relationship between ancient Greek burial and death rites and ancient Greek literature.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses upon illustrating the relevance of the obvious emphasis and taboo regarding Greek burial or death rites as it is portrayed in a significant amount of ancient Greek literature. It examines how literature has long been a relevant source that historians as well as other scholars can turn to so as to glean at least a marginal understanding regarding the societal norms of the era or culture in particular.
Outline
Introduction
Generalities Regarding Ancient Greek Burial Rites
Relevance of Literary Illustrations Regarding Ancient Greek Perspectives on Death
Burial Rites Within Ancient Greek literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the first things that essentially needs to be taken into consideration is that, as a result of their significantly un-advanced and superstitiously primitive preconceptions and beliefs, that nearly all kinds of ancient literature is tinged, to some degree or another, with elements of the super natural or paranormal. The occult, witches, curses and ghosts, all are things that are mentioned, with varying degree of figurativeness and realism, within ancient British as well as Greek literature. Moreover, there appears to be a particular degree of emphasis upon the relevance and effectuality of such things as oaths and curses, especially in regard to the likes of such being implemented in concern to a particular person?s death or burial. This something that is quite strongly portrayed when Euripides? Hippolytus, the protagonist within the play, reasserts his confidence to his father in so much as taking an oath that in death may neither sea nor earth receive my flesh, if I have proved false (Lawson, 1964)."
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The National Romance, 2005.
A discussion on the concept of the national romance in literature as presented in "The Charwoman's Daughter" by James Stephens and "Translations" by Brian Friel.
2,993 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in both the short story, "The Charwoman's Daughter" and the play, "Translations", James Stephens and Brian Friel use the national romance to illustrate the duel fates of Ireland under the influences of both English rule and traditional Irish culture. It looks at how Stephens creates a fairy-tale-like world where Ireland is a helpless damsel in distress trying to escape into the arms of Irish nationalism and away from the clutches of big, bad England. In contrast, it shows how Friel creates a more romanticized view of how the union between Ireland and England could be if the English only showed respect for Irish customs.
From the Paper
"If Mary is the princess in Stephens's fairytale, than the lodger clerk is most definitely her knight in shining armor. Stephens's portrayal of colonialism is obviously not a positive one, mainly because Stephens was a supporter of the Irish Socialist Movement. The Socialist Movement was a group of Irish Nationalists who tried to muster a political force against Britain to put control of the Irish government and economy back into the hands of the people and generate equality between the social classes. Given this information, it makes perfect sense that the scrappy clerk, who wins over Mary's heart, is an Irish Nationalist and member of the Socialist party. "
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Ancient Roman Literature, 2008.
A discussion of the worth of Roman literature and a comparison of the meter and themes of Roman literature to Greek literature.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the value of the works of the great Roman poets and prose authors. The paper specifically discusses how Roman literature and poetry is criticized because it lacks originality, being greatly indebted to the Greek texts. It describes the meter and themes of Roman literature and discusses how these, and even the mere details, are most of the times only imitations of the Greek writings.
From the Paper
"Thus, Roman art can be characterized by the lack of spontaneity and speculative power. The Romans were a logical and practical people, usually engaged in political affairs or warfare. The greatest conquerors of the antiquity, the Romans were also the greatest civilizing power. Their systematic and disciplined spirit laid the foundations of the Western civilization. As it is obvious from the lyric, dramatic and epical works of the Roman writers, they Roman people was certainly not inclined to philosophy as the Greeks had been. Indeed, the only writer who can be said to have contributed meaningfully to the realm of antique philosophy is the multidimensional Cicero, who is the only Roman methodological philosopher: "Philosophy was not a natural growth at Rome: indeed, it was regarded by the average Roman with definite mistrust, and we hear that philosophers were banished from the city in 161 B. C....The Roman, essentially a man of action engaged in the practical business of war or politics, was not given to pausing on his way to reflect deeply on the nature of the world or the ultimate meaning of human life."(Bailey, 183) The Romans were thus less preoccupied with the ultimate meaning of the universe and of life, as the Greeks were, but rather with the world of action and human behavior. Usually associated with imitation rather than creation, Roman art had nevertheless its own force precisely through its absolute conformity to classicism."
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Classical Marxist Theory and Literature, 2005.
This paper discusses the classical Marxist approach to literature, which views literature as essentially a social and cultural production.
8,870 words (approx. 35.5 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in its classical sense, Marxist theory does not deal explicitly with literature and art and does not develop an aesthetic of culture or literature. However, the theoretical trajectory of Marxist thought has impacted radically on art and literature as aspects of societal and cultural discourse. The author points out that the concept of dialectic refers specifically to the methodology or method of analysis, which is peculiar to Marxist theory;. In this sense, literature and art, as cultural products, are analyzed in relation to their social and historical context. The paper analyzes specifically " Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, "A Passage to India" by E. M. Forster's and the writings of Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
Foundation of Marxist Theory and Literary Criticism
Marxism - Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Literature
The Premises of Marxist Criticism
Base and Superstructure
The Dialectic
Ideology and Alienation
Semiology and Psychoanalytic Theory.
Reader - Response Theories
A Marxist Critique of Literature
Analysis of the Echo in "A Passage to India": A dialectical reading
" Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad
Dickens
Shakespeare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this perspective, literary works are essential structures of ideological formations. In other words, literature expresses and represents the ideals and aims of class formation that persist and maintain the society. "Literature is for Marxism a particular kind of signifying practice which tends to make up what can be termed an ideological formation". Therefore, Marxist critical perspectives will attempt to explain literature from within its social context and in relation to that particular historical time period. This in turn relates to basic strategies, such as the identification of class structures and class struggle within the literature of a certain historical period."
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Chicana Literature, 2007.
A look at the preservation of national identity within Chicana literature.
2,089 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Chicana authors such as Julia Alvarez and Edwidge Danticat seek to gain a voice and have it heard by expressing the meaning of their lives and celebrating the lives of others from the same social order that people otherwise marginalize and ignore. The paper looks at how these authors create a narrative space that includes gender issues and how they reveal their role in the preservation of national identity.
From the Paper
"Louis Gerard Mendoza writes about the same topic in his book Historia, in which he offers "an extended analysis of the link between historical narratives and the representation of the historical in fictional narratives and poetry" (Mendoza 38). Mendoza finds that the nature of Chicana and Chicano narratives have changed in recent years in response to contemporary ideas and changing social circumstances, and these changes have also altered "the very substance of past narratives" (Mendoza 38) by expanding our knowledge by which we make decisions. Mendoza also points out that this literature has been largely unexamined, as might be expected for a literature featuring a minority population that itself is often marginalized and ignored. "
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Theory of Literature, 2002.
Discusses the role of literature to the reader and the reader to literature.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
What kind of work does literature do in the world? What does a text do that a song does not? What difference does it make that we can read? And, indeed, why should we read at all? Does the written text have any redeeming value in our own age, or are we in a post-textual (as well as a postmodern and post-structuralist) age? What can the purpose of literature be when anything that is actually produced through the technology of the printing press (which once changed the world) now seems rather horribly quaint? What kind of work does literature do in the world, and what kind of work is it that we do as readers? These last two questions lie at the heart of this paper. They are not in fact the same question merely differently phrased. The paper argues that literature ? the text qua text ? and reading (the subject as agent consuming the text) can be quite different from each other. Before the writer sets forth his own ideas on the function and purpose of literature, he explores the ideas of others on the subject who have tried to define for their own times and places (and for their own writers and readers) what it is that literature does in the world.
From the Paper
"But, while the impassioned literary warriors on either side might not want to admit to this fact, it might well be that there is no single correct way to analyze a text. Or rather there may well be no single correct way to analyze every text. There may be one best way for each text, requiring us to consider local definitions of analysis rather than universal ones. However, this moderate position is one rarely admitted to by either those who support or those who oppose reader-response models and it is in fact easy to understand why this should be the case: The two embody fundamentally opposing world views. Is the purpose of literature one that is determined by the creator or by the consumer?"
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Teaching Children Literature, 2002.
Conceptual analysis of the literature on storytelling and child development in relation to reader response and and structural models of instruction in literature appreciation. Includes the development of an integrated model.
4,467 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper develops a perspective on the structural and reader response approaches to literature appreciation that is based upon empirical findings observed in research into the influence of storytelling on child development. To this end, this report first reviews the literature on how storytelling can influence the social, cognitive, and psycho-emotional development of children as well as its basic influence on learning. This examination of the effects of storytelling on child development is followed by an explication of both the structural and the reader response approaches to teaching literature appreciation. Based on the review of all of this material, the report discusses each theory in terms of the support or lack of support offered for it by the storytelling-child development literature. Where relevant, this discussion is used to modify, hone and refine theory into a new model of instruction (The Integrated Model) in literature appreciation, a model that focuses on storytelling as a mode of instruction and that incorporates elements and postulates of both the reader response model and the structural model.
From the Paper
"Effects of Storytelling on Social Development. There is a good bit of literature that supports the notion that storytelling can strongly contribute to both very young and older children's social and psychosocial development. For example, Pellowski (1990) reports that research has shown that stories inform children about the lives, the dreams, the hopes, the problems, the tensions and the conflicts of diverse social and ethnic groups. In this way, storytelling helps familiarize children with how groups of people, some of them which may be very different than the group children were raised in, perceive life and its events.
Simultaneously, while informing of group differences, storytelling serves the function of maintaining a sense of the human community by telling the story using universal themes common to all. In other words, storytelling operates to broaden children's view of the world and the diverse societies it while also emphasizing the social ties that bind communities and groups of people together."
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The Importance of Literature, 2001.
This paper analyzes and compares the following contemporary books: 'Trash Culture', 'The Death of Literature', 'The Medium is the Massage' and 'What was Literature?'.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four books about literature today. The author of the paper's ideas are the following: Richard Keller Simon's book 'Trash Culture' encourages studying classic literature and both its classical and contemporary interpretations. Leslie Fiedler's book 'What Was Literature?' states that the examination of the art novel is a pass? exercise; that our approach is flawed if we cannot cater to the detective novel, the pornographic fancy, or the comic strip. Marshall McLuhan's book 'The Medium is the Massage' discusses messages as well as the importance of themes in novels. Alvin Kernan's book' The Death of Literature' advocates negative views against television. The paper also includes examples of modern movies and television shows and compares them to certain books.
From the Paper
"Richard Keller Simon, in his book 'Trash Culture' advocates the simultaneous study of classic literature through its traditional forms and contemporary interpretation, highlighting the importance of promoting popular culture in conjunction with classic literature in order to comprehend the crucial perspective in which the books materialize. (R. K. Simon, California, 3-5) In rejecting Stallone's interpretation and condensation of the Iliad as not having the ability to convey any of the inherent messages of its classic counterpart, we deny popular culture as a possibly influential schooling device. (Spectrum, Australia, 1) "
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The History of English Literature, 2003.
A study of the history of English Literature, using the book "An Introduction to English Literature" by Jorge Luis Barges.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
A book review of Barges' "An Introduction to English Literature" designed to educate the reader about the rich history of English Literature. Further, the book itself is written by renown author Jorge Luis Barges. His analysis concerning English Literature is focused in: The Anglo Saxon Period; The Fourteenth Century; The Seventeenth Century; The Eighteenth Century; Nineteenth Century Prose; Nineteenth Century Poetry and the end of the Nineteenth Century. Such topics are useful when presenting the reader with a thorough understanding of the history of English literature and writers.
From the Paper
"The author?s preface begins with a general introduction on how essential English Literature is to our society as a whole. Borges also offers the reader a glimpse, of how he strategically compiled essential information concerning the history of English Literature, and writers in sixty-eight pages of text. Evidently, English Literature imparts a wealth of critical information. Further, Borges goes on to explain the significance of English literature: Of all the vernacular literatures which developed during the Middle Ages on the fringe of literature in Lain, that of England is one of the oldest. To put it another way, there are few other texts that can be attributed to the end of the seventh or the beginning of the eight centuries of our era."
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'Origins of Modern Japanese Literature', 2006.
A review of Karatani Kojin's 'Origins of Modern Japanese Literature' and other commentary on Japanese literature's appreciation of landscape.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on two chapters from Brett De Bary's translation of 'Origins of Modern Japanese Literature' by Karatani Kojin. This paper introduces a distinctively Japanese regard for landscape in relation to literature, and discusses what Kojin referred to as the 'discovery of Interiority'. The paper reviews these chapters as they are a helpful introduction to other trends in modern Japanese literature before the rise of militarism.The rise in militarism heralded the War in the Pacific that brought the destruction of the Japanese'modern' order as it is known.
From the Paper
"Foreign influence of the later 19th century inspired reflection on Japanese literature hitherto shaped by Confucian/Chinese literary culture. Several reformers appeared, esp. Soseki of early 20th century to inspire a strongly Japanese expression; focus on landscape as background for human activity, and conveying of human psychology. Expression then delayed by rise of Japanese militarism in 1920s and 1930s; much of what we understand, now, did not surface strongly till after 1949. Mainly course material references."
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Literature and Community, 2008.
An analysis of the interactions between literature and community within the context of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King," as well as within the context of modern Canadian literature and culture.
1,287 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a community generates literature that reflects its own attitudes and values and how literature simultaneously moulds community, and reflects it. It consider these interacting influences within the context of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King," as well as within the context of modern Canadian literature and culture. The paper also discusses this in the context of the writer's own experience of cultural community.
From the Paper
"One of these distinctly Canadian discourses may be said to be the discourse of sport, and particularly of hockey. As one theorist put it, "The rituals of sport engage more people in a shared experience than any other institution or cultural activity today." (Varda Burstyn, The Rites of Men, quoted in Coakley and Donnelly, 1) Watching hockey together has become a symbolic action that unites Canadians. Interestingly, sport as a component of ideology and community building is highlighted in John B. Lee's poetry collection, The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition. Lee succeeds in making clear a significant aspect of Canadian hockey-related mythology, albeit one that is primarily white and male."
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