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The National Romance, 2005.
A discussion on the concept of the national romance in literature as presented in "The Charwoman's Daughter" by James Stephens and "Translations" by Brian Friel.
2,993 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in both the short story, "The Charwoman's Daughter" and the play, "Translations", James Stephens and Brian Friel use the national romance to illustrate the duel fates of Ireland under the influences of both English rule and traditional Irish culture. It looks at how Stephens creates a fairy-tale-like world where Ireland is a helpless damsel in distress trying to escape into the arms of Irish nationalism and away from the clutches of big, bad England. In contrast, it shows how Friel creates a more romanticized view of how the union between Ireland and England could be if the English only showed respect for Irish customs.
From the Paper
"If Mary is the princess in Stephens's fairytale, than the lodger clerk is most definitely her knight in shining armor. Stephens's portrayal of colonialism is obviously not a positive one, mainly because Stephens was a supporter of the Irish Socialist Movement. The Socialist Movement was a group of Irish Nationalists who tried to muster a political force against Britain to put control of the Irish government and economy back into the hands of the people and generate equality between the social classes. Given this information, it makes perfect sense that the scrappy clerk, who wins over Mary's heart, is an Irish Nationalist and member of the Socialist party. "
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The European Union and Ireland, 2005.
An overview of the impact that the European Union has had on Ireland.
1,709 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a positive assessment of the overall influence the European Union (EU) has had on Ireland. The paper explains that the influence of the EU has been primarily economic and that it has been a beneficial influence because it has contributed to Ireland's recent spurt of economic growth. The paper points out that, while Ireland is a long way from becoming a single united nation, membership into the EU has clearly benefited all of the citizens of the country.
The Benefits to Ireland of the EU-Political
How the EU has Benefited Ireland-Economics
The Divided Irish Nation and People-Improving Relations between
Protestants and Catholics as a Result of the EU?
Advancement into the Future
Opinion of the EU
From the Paper
"EUROPA, the Internet informational site for the European Union, notes that one of the inspirations for the European Union was that, for centuries, "Europe was the scene of frequent and bloody wars," and it was hoped that economic cooperation would heal ancient political tensions between all member nations. (EUROPA, "EU History at a Glance: History of the European Union," 2004) When Ireland and its neighbor and territorial rival, the United Kingdom, both joined the European Union, then called the European Community (EC) in 1973, there was hoped that this mutual economic joining would help contribute to a more lasting peace between these often conflicted nations. "
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Northern Ireland and Politics of Religion, 2001.
This paper examines religious turmoil in Northern Ireland.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the history of the conflict in Northern Ireland. The author summarizes the history of religious conflict in Northern Ireland and looks at the recent attempts to end decades of violence. An historical background on the troubles is detailed and includes the policy of "Home Rule," The Ireland Act of 1920, which divided Ireland into North and South, the suspension of Northern Ireland's government in 1972 and finally the successful attempts in the 1990s to broker an agreement between the two parties. The author then looks at the religious makeup of Ireland and the divisions between the Catholic and Protestant populations which, according to the author, caused politics to become a proxy for religion. The author then looks at the how the divisions in the populations of South African and Northern Ireland impeded their roads to independence.
From the Paper
"About two-fifths of the population is Roman Catholic, while more than one-fifth is Presbyterian, with less than one-fifth Episcopalian (Church of Ireland); Methodists and members of other sects make up most of the remainder. The distribution of Catholics and Protestants is, however, very uneven by region . In country districts the latter are in a majority in the north and east. Elsewhere they are in a minority, though fairly highly localized. Most towns have a Protestant majority: this is the case in Belfast, where Catholics make up less than one-third of the population. Towns remote from Belfast (including Newry and Londonderry) are more than half Roman Catholic. In each of these towns themselves there is a high degree of segregation of the sects, and mixing is minimal and ?segregation increases as socioeconomic status decreases." Civil disturbances are almost always confined to locations in which segregation is highest."
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Women in the National Liberation Struggle, 2004.
This paper discusses that women are over-involved but under-recognized in national liberation movements.
3,280 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the relationship between feminism and national movements must be understood as a delicate balance between liberation and oppression. The author points out that women, who are taking charge and fighting back, are prominent and varied across the globe in countries such as Philippines, Indonesia, Iraqi Kurdistan, Columbia, Mexico, Burma, Tamil Eelam, Ireland, and even in socialist Cuba. The paper stresses that national liberation struggles across the globe are fighting for a better world, hoping to overcome social inequalities, and improve the function of the government to represent equally the needs of all people.
Table of Contents
Definition: Women and National Liberation
The Challenge: Defying Female Stereotypes
An Example: A Voice in Irish Liberation
An Archetype of Liberation: Women of the Chiapas
Liberation: A New World for Women
From the Paper
"The Chiapas of Mexico is the birthplace of a movement that is representative of the National Liberation struggles worldwide. The Chiapas are home to many Indigenous Mexicans living in poverty. Many cannot even speak Spanish, and are underrepresented and mistreated by the Mexican government. In the Chiapas, most homes have no running water, septic systems, or floors made of anything but dirt. The people live in severe poverty, unable to supply their children with adequate food, education, or health care. Very few of the homes have electricity. This is an outrage because the reservoirs in the Chiapas supply 60% of the country?s electricity, with dams and wells supplying water and power to other parts of the country but not to the inhabitants of the Chiapas where they are located. In addition, these people have continually suffered abuse from the military forces."
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The Labour Party's Failure in Ireland, 2005.
This paper explores the failure of the Labour party to become a powerful political force in the two Irelands during the first half of the twentieth century.
1,938 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, during the first half of the twentieth century, the Labour party did not manage to establish itself as a powerful party either in Northern Ireland or in Southern Ireland. The paper attributes this to their absent stand on the national questions in politics and a lack of a strong internal union. The paper also explains that the Labour Parties on both sides were not helped by other elements, such as the modification of the electoral system in Northern Ireland, or the fact that Southern Ireland lacked industrial workers and was peopled mainly by Catholics, hostile to the socialist doctrine.
From the Paper
"In Southern Ireland, the Labour Party traces its birth to the 1912 conference of the Irish Trade Union Congress (ITUC). Its first leader was Jim Larkin. Its aim was to be a "trade-unionists political party" in which membership and leadership were restrained to card-carrying unionists up to 1930 when it opted for a formal break with the unions. Therefore, it was clear from the beginning that it was set up to be a minority party since this kind policy, even though protecting them from being taking over by existing politicians, definitely narrowed its appeal and cut off some sections which may have been sympathetic. Nonetheless, if there is a point on which the Labour Party cannot be the object of criticism, it is certainly the fact that it always remained faithful to its primary goal, which was to be the political arm of the Trade Union, and not to win a majority of votes from the Irish electorate. With such a policy, no wonder the Labour Party never managed to win a lot of seats, given the fact that Ireland was not an industrial nation."
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The Partition of Ireland, 2005.
A look at why Ireland was partitioned under the terms of the 1920 Government of Ireland Act.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper details the background reasons behind the partition of Ireland and the inevitability of it happening. It then goes on to discuss the events as they happened immediately prior to the 1921 treaty and how the partition was cemented in the following years.
From the Paper
"John Redmond died in 1918 and left the Irish Parliamentary Party in tatters; it had been decapitated and was already on an uneasy base because of Lloyd George's earlier proposals and the wave of support for Sinn Fein after the 1916 rising. The IPP suffered a great defeat in the 1918 elections, returning just 6 candidates. The Ulster Unionists won 26 seats and Sinn Fein 73. These figures seem to give Sinn Fein a broader electoral support than it realistically had. Almost a quarter of the seats were uncontested where only a Sinn Fein candidate stood and while they had 69.5% of the seats they only gained 53.5% of the vote. With this apparent mandate Sinn Fein went ahead and set up Dail Eireann but this was not attended by the Ulster Unionists or the now almost defunct Irish Parliamentary Party., they chose instead to go to Westminster where the Ulster Unionists were the only Irish voices to be heard. "
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Education in Ireland and the United States, 2005.
A look at the similarities and differences in the educational systems of the United States and Ireland.
1,374 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper first presents general information on the education systems in Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the United States. The paper then makes a more comprehensive comparison of the education systems in Northern Ireland and the United States.
From the Paper
"The education system in the United States comes under government control, local, state and federal (U.S Department of Education). The compulsory age of entry is generally 6 and high school is generally completed at age 18. Concerning the age of entry to compulsory education in the U.S., it varies, according to the state, between 5 and 7 years of age, 6 being the most common; the age of exit varies between 16 and 18 years of age, the most common being 16. The length of primary education varies from four to seven years. According to its length it is followed (or not) by a number of years of middle school education (generally three years). Secondary education occurs in grades 7-12, depending upon the laws and policies of states and local school districts. There is no national structure, curriculum or governing law; all laws and policies are set and enforced by the 50 state governments and the over 14,000 local school districts. All states and school districts have set the secondary school graduation level as the completion of 12th grade, and the common name for the secondary graduation qualification is the High School Diploma (USNEI, 2002)."
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Northern Ireland, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of social conflict and resolution theories as they apply to the conflict in Northern Ireland.
11,525 words (approx. 46.1 pages), 47 sources, $ 225.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the social identity theory, the identity theory, the self-determination theory, the human needs theory and especially focuses on the social movement analysis theory in the context of the social attitudes and the conflict in Northern Ireland. The author points out that this conflict exists because the people in the majority, the Protestants, have implemented a policy of sectarianism by oppressing the Catholic minority thus attempting to place this policy under the cloak of religion. The paper concludes that there will be lasting change in Northern Ireland; however, this change can only occur if all or most of the community is determined to create a society that is harmonious and abhors violence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Social Identity Theory and Identity Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Human Needs Theory
Social Movement Analysis in Context of Northern Ireland Social Attitudes and Conflict
Conflict Resolution
Reconciliation
Liberation Education
Transformational Politics
Personal Participation in Politics
Transformational Conflict Resolution
Imagining a Shared Future
Integrating Potential of Middle-Range Leaders
Develop People and Promote Growth and Change
Spiritual Transformation
Recognizing the Transformational Process
Indications Northern Ireland is Changing
A Changed Government
An Agenda that embraces Equality
Advancement of Human Rights
New Targeting Social Need initiative
The Policing of Northern Ireland Bill
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the case of Northern Ireland, many attempts have been to resolve the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. The international community has attempted on several occasions to reduce the amount of violence occurring in the region. According to Crotty (2000), there has been a joint effort with the aid of the United States to resolve the dilemma facing Northern Ireland. The desire to help those living in the region has become more concerted in recent years. Much of this is due to the declining infrastructure of Northern Ireland. Crotty (2000) asserts that Northern Ireland has suffered greatly in the wake of the violence and social conflict that has occurred. The author explains that Northern Ireland was once a beautiful place that was the envy of the region, however in recent years the economy has suffered and southern Ireland is now sounder economically than Northern Ireland."
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Divisions that Led to Civil War in Ireland, 2003.
A discussion of the issues that led up to the splitting of Ireland.
2,012 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The main points of the essay are outlined as follows: 1. The division of Northern Ireland and the Republic based on Protestants (Unionists) vs. Roman Catholics (Irish Nationalists); 2. Conflict of the numerous attempts to pass the Home Rule Bill; 3. Formation of the IRB and the Easter Rebellion of 1916; 4. The rise of de Valera and Michael Collins to power; 5. de Valera's acceptance of negotiations, leading to further splits, forcing Michael Collins to appear as the bad guy forming the Free State; 6. Civil War. The events leading up to the Irish Civil War make it a very complex and intricate issue. Ireland was divided in numerous ways, three of which were mentioned here: Catholics versus Protestants; for Home Rule versus against Home Rule; and for the Free State and against the Free State. The dream of the republicans was not in vain; the Irish Free State became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. The divisions of Ireland can still be seen today. Northern Ireland is still under the rule of Britain.
From the Paper
"When people think of the division between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, they often think of Protestants versus Roman Catholics. However, this is not true. This is only one of the intricate divisions that has played a role in the separation of Northern Ireland and the Republic. Their own fight for freedom against the British Empire finally drove them to two extreme poles at the negotiation tables, inevitably splitting the country in half. The focus of this paper is how events led into the Civil War and the inescapable division."
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Queen Elizabeth I and Her Affairs with Ireland, 2004.
This paper discusses that Elizabeth I finished the tasks of her father by claiming and taming Ireland as another gem in the Crown and by protecting the motherland from any possible next-door intrusion by enemies.
2,920 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the need to protect 25-year-old Elizabeth?s homeland profoundly influenced her decisions to commit the Crown to the completion of the colonization of Ireland. The author points out the vitriol between Spain and England was further exacerbated by the Pope excommunicating Elizabeth in 1570. This paper states that Queen Elizabeth was an unsurpassed model of a learned, intelligent woman who proved that a queen could rule and rule triumphantly.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Thesis
The Financial Burden of Ireland on the Crown
Financial Details of Ireland and Elizabeth?s Government
Religious Issues in the Elizabethan Period
Ireland?s Allies and England?s Enemies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One estimate of the amount of money England spent on the defense of Ireland ? between the years 1534 and 1572 ? was 1,300,000 pounds (Canny, 1976). ?And while this figure may be somewhat excessive,? Canny writes, ?all in England were worried at the enormous and increasing expense?? and hence, England experimented with various policies. Some of the more practical ideas for Ireland?s possible d nte with England came from the Pale ? the portion of Ireland (roughly Dublin and a 20-mile radius around Dublin) in which the landowners and townspeople were ?old English? settlers, who had put down roots in the 12th Century, and for the most part remained pro-crown."
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Ireland Peace Talks, 2003.
This paper discusses President Clinton's involvement in the Ireland peace talks.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, against opposition both within the U.S. and in the countries involved in the Ireland conflict, President Clinton remained consistent and compelling in his assertion that a third party, the U.S., and a radically different approach towards peace was undeniably necessary in the Ireland Peace talks. The author points out that, during his term, he actively worked with British Prime Minister Tony Blair, convincing him finally to allow Sinn Fein leaders into the peace talks. The paper relates that Clinton's diplomacy was responsible only partially for the decline of terrorism in Ireland during the 1990's because, demographically, Ireland is tipping rapidly towards a Catholic majority, making attacks from the IRA and other Republican paramilitary groups far less frequent.
From the Paper
"President Bill Clinton became involved in 1993 after a winning presidential campaign pledging to help end the violence in Ireland. Against the past policy of the United States, Clinton stepped in, arguing primarily for the rights and demands of Catholics in Ireland. Behind the back and against the will of the British, "Rarely in the history of Anglo-American relations has the White House...supported Irish demands against Great Britain"4, he began organizing a series of peace talks, bringing together over the course of several years the leaders of Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State ('Southern Ireland'), and, countering the advice of the Irish Prime Minister, worked intensively on a network of compromises that would yield a cease-fire and eventually a level of peace between Northern Ireland, the Irish Free State and Britain."
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Social Policy in Ireland, 2008.
Explores the origins of social policies in Ireland and how income maintenance helps and hinders meeting people's needs.
2,126 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the key factor involved with social policy in Ireland is income maintenance and/or income protection. It contends that in order to protect the citizens in Ireland, social policies should be revised, reformed, and restored to guarantee future cohesion among the majority. Social policy in Ireland in terms of income maintenance is examined through its origin, impact, and future reform stemming from Ireland's Poor Law concept and meeting people's needs.
From the Paper
"Ireland has had tremendous downfalls within its history in terms of political and religious conflict. These conflicts stem from power and influence over individuals and/or groups in certain classes. It is also about manipulating regular individuals and/or groups into believing that their lives are at stake if they don't believe in specific authorities. The individuals and/or groups had various opinions of the government and were confused since social policies were not governed to help the working class or even the upper class, which would affect long-term status of citizens of Ireland."
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Northern Ireland, 2007.
An in-depth look at the political role of women in Northern Ireland.
9,691 words (approx. 38.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which women in Northern Ireland have contributed to party politics over the past thirty years of conflict, more commonly known as 'the troubles'. More Specifically the paper investigates feminist theory as well as sociology theories related to the political participation of women. The investigation also seeks to answer the various questions concerning women's roles in Northern Ireland.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Framework: Feminist and Sociology Theories
Background of Conflict
The Women's Movement in Northern Ireland: Politics and Religion
Why So Few Women?
Do Women Compete Differently From Men or Do They Emulate Men?
What Has Women's Contribution Been Towards the Peace Process?
Discussions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"According to O'day (1996), the women's movement in Northern Ireland has, like any other movement in the region, attempted to confront the divisions that exist as it relates to national identity. In addition, there has been a great deal of speculation in regards to the correlation between gender and national identity. The author asserts that feminists who desire to prioritize women's issues assert that the divisiveness related to national identity has also had and divisive impact on the issues that are unique to women. In addition the differences between nationalists and unionists thought and the differences between Catholic and Protestant standards has been debilitating to the women's movement in Northern Ireland. In fact the author points out that it is usually the "Irish question" or the question of "whose side are you on?" is at the root of the divisions. This concept can be found in Derry Women's Aid in Spare Rib in response to a question concerning the correlation between feminism and the national question: "The uncritical support given by some English feminists to the nationalist struggle being waged here in N.I. is of little help to us, or indeed, to the women of the whole of Ireland," which not only serves to "to divide women along the traditional Orange and Green," but also "results in a lack of attention to the feminist issues (O'Day, 1998)."
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Celtic Influences in Ireland, 2005.
This paper explains how the Celts influenced the history of Ireland.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the Celts had an influence on the history of Ireland. The paper discusses early Irish mythic sources and the Celts. The paper includes various legends that explain the migration of Celts to Ireland, including their rich oral and musical tradition. The paper also incorporates the domination of the Gaelic identity in Ireland.
From the Paper
"Ireland has been formally identified with Celts since the ?th century though Celts influenced Irish history before then. Julius Caesar's commentaries divide Gaul, not the British Isles into three ethnic regions, by no means culturally or linguistically identical; Celtae, Aquitani and Belgae Rankin, placing them on the Continent. Early Irish mythic sources, partly taking their cue from classical descriptions of the Celts as Scoti, identified themselves with Scythians who flourished in ancient Asia Minor."
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Ireland, 2005.
This paper discusses the economic labor history of Ireland and compares its workplace profile with Australia.
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Ireland has done a remarkable job in creating a vibrant, almost U.S-style economy with abundant well-paying jobs based on the presence of both an educated workforce and foreign investment. The author points out that Ireland's entry into the E.U. helped it to adopt European-style entitlements for its workforce without diminishing its powerful economic growth. The paper relates that the economy of Ireland is similar to Australia's successful economy.
Table of Contents
Birth of the "Celtic Tiger"
Overworked Employees
Entitlements
Australia's Workplace Profile
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Labor force composition in Ireland also points to the possibility of low-paying or precarious employment. Agriculture employs 8 percent of the labor force, industry 29 percent and services 64 percent according to a 2002 estimate by Nationmaster (Nationmaster Web site). Because Australia's rate of employment for lesser educated women-often found in service professions-it would be logical to assume Australia's mix of industries displayed a lower percentage of service jobs. However, the opposite is true. Australia's labor market is made up of 5 percent agriculture, 22 percent industry and 73 percent services, according to a 1997 estimate. Apparently, that does not account for the differences in prospects for lesser-educated women."
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