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Did The National Policy Stimulate the Rate of Prairie Settlement?, 2002.
Argues that the National Policy of Canada in the late 1890's was more destructive than beneficial to the Canadian economy.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Other than the staples thesis, the National Policy has probably engendered more debate among economic historians than any other issue in Canadian economic history. Though many credible positions can be taken on the issue, this paper will argue that the National Policy did induce settlement in the Prairies after 1896, but it likely did more harm than good into the longer term. While it is undeniable that it had some corollary if not positive impact, for the most part the National Policy was wasteful and unnecessary. It was a misdiagnosed prescription of the wrong medication at the wrong time.
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Monetary, Fiscal and Exchange Rate Policy, 2002.
A study of the connection between monetary policy, fiscal policy, and the exchange rate policy.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies separately, with definitions by different economists to balance the arguments. It is then followed by a discussion of their connection to each other, involving issues such as GDP, government expenditure, and interest rates.
From the Paper
"McDonald states monetary policy is the government?s policy on setting the level of the money supply (1996: 149). It is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)?s attempt to change the quantity of money and interest rates so as to affect aggregate demand and, ultimately, equilibrium real GDP and the price level. Monetary policy, fiscal policy and the exchange rate policy are used by the RBA and by the Treasury to moderate fluctuations in a country?s economic growth rate and to maintain an appropriate trend growth rate. In today?s world of floating exchange rates, it can be demonstrated that monetary policy is more effective at controlling macroeconomic conditions than fiscal policy is."
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United Nations Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation, 2004.
Provides an overview of United Nations policy formulation and policy implementation in the context of international public administration organizations.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, instances of policies that were developed and not effectively carried out, as well as recent requirements for the formulation of policies put into place at the UN. It looks at how a sustained public information campaign is extremely important for the success of the UN?s attempt to reinvent its system of policy formulation and policy implementation due to all the ?bad news?, including terrorism and war and AIDS, etc., dominating the TV and print news agencies.
From the Paper
"There are myriad examples of the UN?s good work ? in many and diverse areas where there are desperate human needs throughout the world ? and also, on the other hand, there is no shortage of evidence that some policies, although they were drawn up with the best of intentions, failed in their mission, or were thwarted either through no direct fault of the UN, or because the UN?s policy implementation could not match the promises in the policy formulation. One example of the apparent failure of a policy which was to be implemented was recently reported by the British Medical Journal (Tayal, 2003). The journal claimed that a UN policy designed to tackle the health and human rights needs of ?indigenous people? ? a policy which was formulated in 1995 ? has not been very effective in its implementation."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Federal Reserve Interest Rate Policies, 1994.
The history, goals, implementation, functions, powers, tools for monetarty control, cycles and policies from 1979 to 1994.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 18 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
This research examines Federal Reserve interest rate policies and outcomes for the 1979-1994 period. These policies and outcomes are considered following a review of the creation, purpose, structure, and functioning of the Federal Reserve System.
The Federal Reserve System
A severe financial crisis occurred in the United States in 1907. Unfortunately, the crisis was just the latest in a long line of such crises. The crisis of 1907, more than was true of most of these crises, however, exposed severe weaknesses in the country's national banking system (Kidwell and Peterson, 1992, p. 112). The creation of the Federal Reserve System through the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was intended to correct those..."
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How Do You Rate the Rating Enforcers?, 2001.
A look at the MMPA, The Motion Picture Association of America and their rating system.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
A paper about the problems with the MPAA, The Motion Picture Association of America and their rating system. The author describes what the MPAA is, their role, and strategies for rating, revealing their inconsistencies and inherent biasness in certain aspects.
From the Paper
"We finally reach a point where we have to ask if the MPAA is doing a ?good? job. I have found that the MPAA often has the right idea, but seems to continuously fall short when rating movies. By falling short, I mean that there are constant inconsistencies in film ratings dealing with moral aspects (homosexual content, violence, etc.) These problems need to be further addressed and solutions,such as the ones mentioned above, need to be considered. The effectiveness of ratings also needs to be addressed. As is, ratings are not as effective as one might hope they would be. Evidence has proven this by showing lack of consistency, bias, confusion, etc. Rating films is not a ?bad? idea, but their current state is not really working. The MPAA needs to focus more on just explaining what is in the films instead of over-rating them to the point of forcing film makers to edit their creativity."
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Public School Policy Making, 2007.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an understanding of the public school policy process, key policy terminology and policy concepts by examining the public school (K-12) policy for the state of New York.
3,635 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper explores various policy papers, which define public school policy ranging from illumination of the classroom to environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance to funding recommendations. The author points out that a systematic difference was found between the federal and the non-federal systems in policy performance including little indication that federal systems either equalize or redistribute the aggregate resources of society. The paper relates that the goals of the governor's 'Campaign for Fiscal Equity' are (1) a multi-year, massive infusion of school funding, (2) the creation of a clear cut system of accountability to drive funds to key educational strategies and (3) a fair and simple foundation formula to distribute school aid based on student need not politics.
Table of Contents
Objective
Introduction
BEST (Building Educational Success Together)
State of Affairs in New York State Schools
Inequality in Quality of Classroom Provision
Policy Adoption Recommendations of the Three Agencies
Fiscal Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendations Comparison
New York State Board of Regents
The Atlantic Philanthropies, The Ford Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The American Institute for Research (A.I.R) and Management Analysis and Planning (MAP)
New York State Commission on Education Reform
Impact of Federalism on Policy-Making Process
Recent Policy Enactment
From the Paper
"Policy issues in New York State Schools are inclusive of use of chemical and pesticides in school and recently Education Law 409-I has been enacted which establishes the department as being responsible to report "on the status of utilizing environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance (green ) products in all public and nonpublic schools by June 1, 2007." Policy such as this is shaped by the stated needs of certain socio-political view and in one such case the need for facility alignment for quality education is upheld by educators."
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006.
A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper
"Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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Media Policy in South Africa, 2007.
An analysis of media policy in South Africa and a comparison of media performance standards in Britain, Italy and Germany.
3,606 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the main roles of the press in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves. The paper focuses on South Africa as a point of reference and refers to the history of South African policy as well as certain European media policy counterparts, in order to gauge standards of media performance.
Outline:
Introduction
Media and Democracy
Media Policy in South Africa
External Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
Internal Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
The Gate keeping Function
European Media Policy
United Kingdom Media Policy
Italian Media Policy
German Media Policy
South African Media Policy History
Apartheid Era
After Apartheid
Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main roles that the press plays in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves (Krimsky, 2000). The media is a fundamental tool in the decision-making of the democratic government in any country. A democracy requires the people of the state to make choices and decisions on a daily basis. This therefore needs to be aided by a media and media environment that allows for objectivity through its content and the journalists and staff of the forms of media themselves. The media needs to inform, without judging (Krimsky, 2000)."
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European Environmental Policy, 2004.
Assesses the changes in European environmental policy since the 1970s and whether these changes have made the policy more effective.
2,756 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This essay assesses the changes European environmental policy making has undergone since the 1970s in respect of their effectiveness. First, it is shown how European environmental policy making has changed in terms of its scope and legalization on a European level. The paper then shows with what instruments European institutions have tackled environmental protection.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Legalization
2.1. Treaty of Rome
2.2. Single European Act
2.3. Treaty on European Union
3. Instruments
3.1. Moral Suasion
3.2. Regulatory Instruments
3.3. Financial Instruments
3.4. Market Instruments
3.4.1. Eco-tax
3.4.2. Eco-labels
4. Conclusion
5. References
From the Paper
"In 1993 the Commission established the European Environment Agency (EEA) in Copenhagen, which succeeded the CORINE programme, an experimental data collection project, along with the European Environment Information and Observation Network. The EEA "is intended to provide the Community and the Member States with objective, reliable and comparable information at European level enabling them to take the requisite measures to protect the environment" (Dinan, 2000:171). As the EEA does not have an enforcement role of EU environmental legislation, it is hard to assess its direct impact on environmental protection."
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Analysis of Monetary Policy, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of a monetary policy.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why monetary policy is an important aspect of macroeconomic stability. The paper looks at why the tools, procedures and the body for enforcing these tools and procedures are very important aspects of any society. The paper then explains that monetary policy is a tool utilized by policy makers to correct inflationary or recessionary gaps. Next, the paper points out that the tools of monetary policy are used throughout an economy for other purposes; hence there are drawbacks to using it for macroeconomic stability. The paper also explores whether the marginal benefit from monetary policy exceeds the marginal cost of using the tools of monetary policy. In addition, the paper looks at how monetary policy also has 'spillover' effects for other markets, such as the financial markets or general business operation. In conclusion, the paper shows that lowering inflation or closing recessionary gaps have been the primary focus of the policies.
Outline:
Introduction
A description of Monetary Policy: A General Overview:
- Open Market Operations
- Required Reserve Ratio (RRR)
- Discount Rate (DR)
Macroeconomic stability and Monetary Policy: A Look at the 1970s and 1980s
Monetary Policy Efficiency: How the Change Did or Could Have Impacted Me
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is used during inflationary or recessionary periods to correct the problem. Ideally during inflationary periods the Federal Bank and policymakers want to decrease the money supply and increase interest rates, so that borrowing/spending can be constrained. During recessionary periods, policymakers will try to do the opposite, that is increase the money supply, so that interest rates can rise and increase investment and spending, which will have a spill-over effect on employment (BOG: Federal Reserve System, 2006, p. 15)."
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Critical Issues in U.S. Latin American Policy, 2002.
This paper identifies the major issues in U.S. Latin American policy and recommends policy to resolve regional problems.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The author feels that major issues in U.S. Latin American policy are the economy and human rights. The paper explores these issues in detail and explains why they are critical. To protect the economic interests in this region, the author believes that policies should be created that would encourage Latin America?s financial independence.
From the Paper
"The economic conditions in Latin America are critical to U.S. interest in the region because the U.S. has provided billions of dollars, this includes military aid, to Latin America over the past ten years. Much of this has been provided because of the instability of the economies in that region. Ensuring that these economies gain some stability would benefit not only the U.S. economy but also the World economy."
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Chinese Currency Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the aspects of China's monetary policy that have been used to indirectly influence Chinese positions in terms of international relations and foreign policy.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Chinese monetary policy is utilized as a foreign policy device for very specific gains in international relations and looks at how this differs from other countries' monetary policy. The paper focuses on the managed float of the Chinese currency, the Renminbi (RMB) and discusses the other aspects of China's monetary policy that have been used to indirectly influence Chinese positions in terms of international relations and foreign policy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Hypotheses
Policy Relevance
Articles for Review
Critical Analysis of Articles
From the Paper
"Authors Voon and Frankel examine certain aspects of China's exchange rate and currency policies. Voon, et al, in "Does China Really Lose From RMB Revaluation? Evidence From Some Export Industries," argues that China's managed float may not be necessary to protect China's export sector. Frankel examines China's exchange rate policy and strategy from a strict economist's perspective and makes the argument that a country has the right and obligation to choose whatever currency regime it feels benefits the nation and its citizens the most. Frankel examines the exchange rate policy from the perspective of alternate strategies such as expenditure reduction as well as interest rate manipulation. The import of his article is that while China benefits from its controlled exchange rate policy, it also has an obligation to do so but should consider alternate strategies since its currency and its economy has become so important to the global economy."
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Monetary Policy, 2002.
A discussion on various issues relating to monetary policy and how the United States' policy affects the rest of the world.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how monetary policy is crucial to the economy and impacts all types of economic and financial decisions individuals make. It shows that since the United States is the largest economy in the world, its monetary policy also has significant economic and financial effects on foreign countries. The paper analyzes and examines various issues related to monetary policy. First, the state of the United States economy is discussed. Next, the issue of whether the Federal Reserve is more concerned about high inflation or the possibility of a recession is analyzed. Lastly, this paper outlines the direction of a recent monetary policy and examines the policy actions the Federal Reserve has taken to confirm that direction.
From the Paper
"While monetary policy cannot impact either output or employment in the long run, it may affect them in the short run. For example, when demand contracts and there is a recession, the Federal Reserve may stimulate the economy, temporarily, and help push it back toward its long-run level of output by lowering interest rates. While monetary policy cannot expand the economy beyond its potential growth path or reduce unemployment in the long run, it may stabilize prices in the long run. Price stability is basically low inflation, i.e., inflation that is so low that consumers do not worry about it when they make decisions about what to buy, whether to borrow or invest, etc."
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European Refugee Policy, 2006.
A look at the achievements made by the E.U.towards a European refugee policy through a review of Joanne Van Selm's "European Refugee Policy: is There Such a Thing?".
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses Joanne Van Selm's working paper "European Refugee Policy: is There Such a Thing?". It discusses how "illegal immigrant", "asylum seeker", "refugee", "economic refugee" are all phrases that tend to create confusion in the minds of E.U. citizens. It looks at how the 25 Member-States barely have a common immigration policy, though they do have a few guidelines for a harmonisation of asylum policy. It is in this context, that the question of the existence of a European Refugee policy is discussed.
Outline:
Introduction
What Has Been Achieved in the EU so Far (From the Schengen Agreement to Now) Does Not Always Take the Right Direction Towards A Common Refugee Policy.
Implementing Agreements on Immigration, Asylum and Refugees in the EU: A Common Approach or 25 Approaches?
The Lack of Political Will of Fortress Europe Does Not Help Shaping a Common Refugee Policy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The very way refugee issues are dealt with within the EU is counterproductive, in terms of defence of human rights. VAN SELM explains that "there are [...] more national civil servants [than EU civil servants] dealing with asylum and refugee policy. They are all within the most sovereign control-oriented ministries too (Justice and Home Affairs) [...] Since where you stand is influenced by where you sit, it seems natural that these policy makers would be more likely to guard national interest and defend national policy than to consider the situations in countries and regions around the world, and the most appropriate policy Europe as a whole could pursue in the interest of maintaining stability by guaranteeing protection to refugees." Part of this safeguarding of the national interest would also be the lack of funds granted to refugee issues. If it is true that some EU Member States do "use part of their own overseas development aid to assist refugees in emergency and protracted situations around the world" (p.18), VAN SELM notes that "this is rarely done in a systemic way." Countries like Malta spent their ODA on detained asylum seekers, hence having anything but a refugee policy."
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