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The National Football League (NFL) and Finance, 2003.
Examines financial issues faced by the NFL players and management.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Financial issues in the NFL have been problematic for the owners and players alike. Over the years, efforts have been made to resolve such areas of conflict. Inroads have been made, but the matter is far from resolved. This paper examines issues, including player?s salaries and the controversial salary caps. It also looks at ticket sales and television and licensing agreements.
From the Paper
"Ticketing has become a year round strategically focused initiative, not only due to revenue generated by tickets, but also the residual effect of attendance on the revenue derived from parking, concessions, and merchandise at the stadium. Therefore, teams that do well at the box office also do well in other areas of stadium revenue. To avoid losing seat sales and supplemental revenues, professional sports franchises are being forced to alter antiquated ticket selling practices and implement a proactive approach to selling tickets."
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Football in Canada and the U.S., 2005.
A look at the Canadian Football League (CFL) compared to the American's National Football League (NFL).
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The differences between American football and Canadian football differ in all areas almost making them completely different games. It explains that the CFL has been misinterpreted as not on the same level as the NFL. In Canada, the CFL is highly regarded and considered a much better game to watch than the NFL. The writer compares certain rules and formats which highlight these differences. It shows that with the differences in play and the rules highlighted, the NFL format seems to be the easier of the two to play.
From the Paper
"If the offensive team loses a ball during play or fumbles the ball, the last team to posses the ball before going out of bounds gains possession in the NFL whereas the last team to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds gains possession in the CFL. A touchdown is scored when any player enters the end zone with the football. If the offensive team chooses, they can get close to the end zone and kick the ball for a field goal. A missed field goal in the CFL is considered live and if the ball is not returned out of the end zone the kicking team receives a point called "rouge" <http://www.football.com/rulesdiff/index.shtml>. The team coming out of the end zone with the missed field goal attempt can return the ball all the way for a touchdown or take possession where the player was downed."
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NFL, 2005.
An examination of the National Football League, using the Cincinnati Bengals as a case study.
3,854 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The National Football League is the most profitable sports enterprise. The industry boasts over 100 teams and grosses billions in profits each year. This paper examines the industry using Porter's five forces. Selecting a case study, the writer provides a company analysis of the Cincinnati Bengals. In addition, the discussion focuses on an analysis between the United States Army and the National Football League.
Outline
Introduction
Michael Porters 5 Forces
Threat of New Entrants
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Threat of Substitute Products or Services
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Rivalry among Existing Firms
Industry Economic Trends
Industry Competitive Forces
Drivers of Industry Changes
Key Success Factors
Is the Industry Stable or Unstable?
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Company Analysis of Cincinnati Bengals using Michael Porters 5 Forces
Analysis between the United States Army and the National Football League
From the Paper
"The United States Army and the National football league can easily be compared to one another. The similarities are most obvious in the way that training is handled. Both the Army and the NFL have camps to train the participants. The army has boot camp while the NFL has training camp. During these camps, one of the main goals is to get the participants in to good physical shape. This is done through repetitious exercising and putting the participants in the real life situations that they will be expected to deal with once training is complete. In addition, to the physical training of participants they are also taught camaraderie and the importance of teamwork. There is also hazing that is involved in both cases."
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NFL Retirement Benefits, 2008.
A paper illustrating the need for the National Football League (NFL) to improve retirement benefits for NFL players.
1,836 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals the serious health issues common to retired NFL players that include long-term medical problems from repeated cerebral concussions, cognitive impairment and football-related dementia. The paper discusses how retirement benefits available to NFL retirees pale in comparison to those available to retirees in other professional sports. The paper discusses how NFL retirees are therefore asking for a system of retirement benefits that appropriately accounts for the physical abuse entailed by their careers, and the long-term medical consequences that are direct functions of having contributed to making the NFL the success it has become.
Outline:
Introduction - Statement of the Issues
Long-Term Medical Problems, Cognitive Impairment and Football-Related Dementia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Heisman Trophy winner and NFL Hall of Fame member Earl Campbell was a premier running back in the 1970s. In an ear when 300-lb linemen and sub 4.5-second forty yard times for skill position players where both a novelty rather than the norm, Campbell, at 5-11, 240+ lbs with 4.6 speed, was the most formidable big back in the game. Today, at an age where many of his fans are either at the peaks of their professional careers or enjoying very active retirements, Earl Campbell must rely on his wheelchair because he cannot walk more than a few feet without assistance."
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The Markets and Football, 2006.
A look at market efficiency and the national football league.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the market efficiencies that can be seen in the national football league. In particular, he looks at the wagering systems that are used. He examines a few case studies, and uses these to try and explain how the odds and efficiencies of the markets are determined. He especially relates all of his points to wagering on football games, looking at all of the elements which will add to efficiencies of betting. Further to this, the author looks at the stock market, taking certain examples to emphasize his discussions. In conclusion, the author summarizes the two main theories of market efficiencies, the random walk theory and select strategies.
Table of Contents
Efficiency and Football Wagering
Additional Evidence of Inefficiency
From Bachelier to Bookmakers
From the Paper
"After noting that totals bets tend to attract more attention when two high-scoring teams are playing each other, Paul and Weinbach point out that "rooting for scoring tends to be easier than cheering for a lack of scoring." With these two factors in mind, the authors theorize that bettor psychology may push totals too high, making the "under" a consistently profitable wager. To test this hypothesis, Paul and Weinbach examine the entire sample of NFL totals from 1979 to 2000. And as the table below indicates, the under indeed won with a frequency that calls the efficiency of the totals market into question - particularly in games where the total was significantly higher than average."
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Anti-Doping Measures, 2005.
A comparison of the reactions of the Major League Baseball Players' Associations and the National Football League Players' Association's to policies of steroid testing.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the reaction of the players' unions of the MLB, the NBA and the NFL with regards to policies for testing of steroids on professional athletes. It shows the difference between the Major League Baseball Players' Associations strong opposition to any anti-doping measures and the willingness of the National Football League Players' Association's willingness to comply with tougher steroid testing measures.
From the Paper
"Anti-Doping Measures and Professional Sports League Players' Unions Professional sports has become more competitive than ever before with many hopeful young men competing at the high school and collegiate levels with the dream of eventually becoming a professional athlete and enjoying all of the fame and fortune that their favorite sports heroes enjoy. However, because of the fierceness of the competition and the limited number of slots available on professional sports team rosters, most of these young men will never realize their dream and the ones who are fortunate enough to get a taste of that sweet dream know that it may be only momentary unless they manage to stay at the top of their game and ahead of the competition curve. The high level of vulnerability of professional athletic careers and the unrelenting competition may be what drives some professional athletes to seek to gain and edge by using steroids."
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Italy?s Serie A Football Team, 2004.
A history and overview of Italy?s Serie A football team.
7,419 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Italian Football League, or ?Lega Calcio?, dates back to 1946 and describes what comprises the teams of Serie A in Italian football. It identifies the business drivers for the sport, the characteristics of the teams, the motivation of sponsors, and the formula for revenue. It also looks at how the business model has changed over time from a customer-centered model to a shareholder-driven one and how nowhere was this more evident than during the postponement of the 2002-2003 season because of pay-per-view contract issues.
Outline
Italy?s Serie A Football League: A Brief History
Italian Serie A and B
The Business of Football
Sponsorship
Shirt Sponsorships
Player Contracts
Wages
Revenues
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A ? Sports Classifications
From the Paper
"With the advent of television, a venue for was created for pro football players to showcase commercial products. In 1951 Stanley Matthews (the first pro football player to be knighted) received ?20 a week from CWS (Co operative society) for sporting football boots. At this time, however, most players were tied to their clubs, bound to a maximum wage and abiding by the retain-and-transfer contract system, necessitating that they keep their ?day? jobs. When England hosted the World Cup Finals in 1966, the ceiling for the maximum wage was lifted. It was at this time a mascot entered the fray, the tournament was effectively ?branded?, and the first superstar, George Best was born. (Critcher, 1991) An official song was created for the tournament, replica ?World Cup Willy? Lions were sold, and approximately 400 million people world wide watched the TV coverage."
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Islamic Finance, 2008.
This paper describes Islamic financing law and how it differs from regular Western financing law.
3,265 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the bedrock of Islamic finance is that all forms of interest are considered forbidden known as haram and its financial model works on the basis of risk sharing. The paper further explains that, under Islamic banking, the customer and the bank agree to share the risk of any investment and divide the profits between them. The paper then describes the primary categories within the Islamic finance: ijara, ijaa-va-iqtina, mudraba, murabaha and mushraka. The paper also explains how Islamic finance differs from regular finance and explains how Islamic finance works.
Table of Contents:
What is Islamic Finance
How Is Islamic Finance Different from Regular Finance and Why
How Does Islamic Finance Work: The Types Of Investments Available And How They Work
Working Principles of Islamic Finance
Types of Investment Available and How They Work
Institutions Offering Islamic Finance Products
International Wholesale Islamic Banking and Insurance Providers
Exhibit: Islamic Financing Form
Exhibit: Name of the Institution
From the Paper
"It is a fact that finance is considered as a huge restraint on development in major regions of the Third World. Sometimes there is lack of sufficient money available to fund important projects and the price of loanable funds is normally high, showing the paucity of savings. In low-income economies, it is hardly a surprise that savings rates are small, as most disposable income is needed to be used for making purchases of necessities of daily living, and a lot of families just cannot bear to make financial provisioning for the future, although this makes them insecure and helpless."
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The League of Nations, 2004.
An analysis of the aims, designs and success of the League of Nations compared to its predecessor.
5,002 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the aims and the design of the League of Nations following its establishment in 1919. It looks at the responsibility of the League of Nations and examines whether this new system of international organisation differed fundamentally from the one that had dominated the pre-war world up until that point. The paper is largely written in point form.
Table of Contents:
Section One:
Introduction And Overview
Section Two:
Executive Summary Of The Aims Of
The League Of Nations
Introduction
Aims Of The League Of Nations
Section Three:
The Aims Of The League Of Nations
Introduction
Overall Outline Of Aims
Examination Of Aims
Section Four:
Executive Summary Of The Design
Of The League Of Nations
Introduction
Design Of The League
Section Five:
The Design Of The League Of Nations
Introduction
The Overall Design
Section Six:
Executive Summary Of The Differences
Between The League Of Nations And Pre War International Organisations
Introduction
Section Seven:
The Differences Between The League Of Nations And Pre War International Organisations
Introduction
Section Eight:
Literary Review
From the Paper
"The history of the League of Nations, although being a legitimate field of study has been subject to very little revisionist literature. Even Boemeke, Feldman and Glaser offer little reassessment, regardless of the title of their work. Furthermore as Macmillan outlines "Only a handful of eccentric historians still bother to study the League of Nations" . Given this it is difficult to interpret and evaluate different schools of thought on this issue and the relative bias that such views would provide."
"During the research for this report two sources proved to be extremely useful. These were Leroy Bennett's International Organisations and Alan Sharp's The Versailles Settlement. Bennett's work focuses on the actual logistical processes involved in the League of Nations and outlines in eloquent detail the roles and responsibilities of the various organs of the League. Armstrong's From Versailles to Maastricht also achieves this."
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NFL In Hawaii, 2006.
The writer of this in-depth paper asks and answers: Would Hawaii be a good home for a national football league team?
5,525 words (approx. 22.1 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This detailed and extensively researched paper compares and determines the demographics of Hawaii to other sports locales in the U.S. while focusing on the intangibles that could affect the viability of an NFL franchise in Hawaii.
Topics covered in this report include:
Introduction
Hawaiian Demographic Comparisons
Interpreting the Numbers
History of Sports in Hawaii
Why NFL Football?
Popular Opinion
Making The NFL Work In Hawaii
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The NFL collective bargaining agreement is formatted to level the playing field between the larger and smaller market teams. Revenue sharing is the process of redistributing funds from the higher income teams to the lower income teams. It is done in hopes that equal means, will mean equal results, and a competitive league. Currently in the NFL, teams share certain incomes that are generated in an equal fashion throughout the 32 Teams in the league."
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Corporate Finance, 2007.
A discussion on corporate finance, focusing on efficient market behavior and behavioral finance studies.
1,606 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines corporate finance, focusing on the efficient market hypothesis. The paper further examines the behavioural finance school of thought, which argues that any investment decision is a gamble when investors are not fully aware of the future results of their actions. The paper discusses how, due to human psychology, investors often act irrationally, thereby decreasing the market transparency and predictability, together with decreasing market efficiency. The paper concludes that this increases the importance of recent behavioral finance studies, as capital markets are driven by purely human behavior and thus are subject to huge risks.
Outline:
Introduction
Behavioural Finance Approach to Market Efficiency Theory
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Fridson in his work argues that all the investors have their sentiments, or biases when considering risk and making investment decisions. Thus, the risk premium on any asset is the summary of fundamental premium set by efficient investors and of sentiment premium or the investors judgements errors. Also, there are asset prices bubble theories which also prove that in some points of time investors do behave irrationally and overestimate or underestimate factual fundamentals which leads to none fundamental increases in some asset prices followed by further price crash."
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Campaign Finance Reform, 2006.
A look at the debate over campaign finance reform and some of the attempts to change current campaign finance law.
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ongoing debate over campaign finance reform, explaining the major issues associated with the reform and some of the reasons for the disagreement about how campaign finance should be implemented. In particular, the paper focuses on the McCain-Feingold bill, detailing what it would change about campaign finance and why there is still opposition to the bill even though it is bipartisan.
From the Paper
"Campaign finance reform has been debated since Richard Nixon ran for the Vice Presidency under Eisenhower. In the wake of the Watergate fiasco, some meaningful reforms were made. However, there have been no major changes to campaign finance laws since that time. The time is ripe for change, but what kind of changes do we want? Do we want changes that make a joke of our constitution or do we want changes within the boundaries of the constitution? The major issue is soft money "was originally intended to go to party-building activities and get-out-the-vote drives but which increasingly has been used as a way to funnel large contributions to presidential and other candidates." (Hamburger, Tom "Campaign-finance debate jumps to center stage // There is widespread agreement that federal election rules need repairing. But there is no consensus on how, and there is lots of opposition to the lead." Minneapolis Star Tribune, 09-28-1997, pp 21A). However, the McCain-Feingold bill, the one most advocates support, would also limit advertising. The problem with that is any changes that try and skirt around the constitution, by limiting free speech, will most likely be thrown out by the Supreme Court. Until recently most congressmen did not look at finance reform seriously."
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Campaign Finance Laws, 2007.
A comparison of the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida with particular emphasis on the laws regulating campaign finance issues.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida, in an attempt to understand the primary differences between the legislative measures of the two states. Additionally, the paper discusses which campaign finance laws appear to be the fairest and most successful laws, in terms of their ability to control and regulate campaign finance issues.
From the Paper
"In comparison to Montana, however, Florida only allows all others in the community a $500 contribution. Children under the age of 18 are not allowed to exceed a $100 contribution, and no candidate can accept contributions from national, state, or county political party executive committee whose aggregate exceeds $50,000. There are still other limitations, such as limits on contributions from investment and law firms, and businesses (FL, 3).
"Furthermore, Florida limits the contributions from certain institutions of higher learning. According to the law, any educational institution wishing to contribute must first obtain a majority vote from the governing board of the institution. Without such a majority vote, the educational institution cannot contribute, either through monetary or through any indirect support (FL, 3)."
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State and Local Campaign Finance Reform in California, 2002.
This paper discusses the history of campaign finance reform in California and some of the laws enacted relating to campaign finance reform.
2,712 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the laws passed in California regarding campaign finance reform, the intended purpose of those laws and the results they have had on campaign finance.
From the Paper
"The current campaign finance system at the federal, state and local level undermines our democracy. Every day brings new revelations about wealthy contributors buying political access and favors. Voters are frustrated with a system in which their voices are drowned out by special interests. The governments of the United States - whether Washington, Sacramento at the state or, local city hall - must be accountable to the people as a whole."
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The League of Women Voters, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of The League of Women Voters.
4,000 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the history of the League of Women Voters begins with the very inception of the Women's Movement and the fight for liberation in the United States. Carrie Chapman Catt founded the League of Women Voters in 1920 during the Chicago convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The author points out that a central characteristic of the League is its inclusive attitude and its non-partisan nature, which provides an unbiased platform for debate and decision making. The paper relates that, since its inception, the League of Women Voters, which is organized at the grassroots level, has dealt with numerous issues covering a wide range of social, political issues, environmental and conservation issues.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview
The League of Women Voters
The Purpose and Function
Important Events and Actions
The League Today
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not only was the League of Women Voters constituted to continue the "mighty experiment" in women's rights and continue the work that had lead to the female vote; but it was also to "help 20 million women carry out their new responsibilities as voters." An important reason for the creation of the League was that Catt and many other women in the suffrage movement realized winning suffrage was only the beginning of the struggle towards full rights and privileges for women within society. They also realized that there was a large amount of education of women voters needed if the full liberation of women was to be achieved."
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