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National Asian Histories, 2002.
Examines how the writing of Asian history was shaped by the national ideologies and points of views of the countries.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
By including examples from the history of East Asian countries, this essay will explore this issue of how history is shaped by certain forms of value and ideology by showing that the writing of most history is controlled by the view of national history. This essay will show how national history is partly revisionist in the sense that people put national views onto history that it never fully had. In this sense, actual history or the truth of what happened is always difficult to get at and in many ways unattainable, since one has to read and consider history through the veil of bias
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East Asian History, 2008.
This paper explores the forces behind several events in East Asian history.
1,186 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the historical meaning behind several important events in East Asian history through the 'people' perspective and nationalism. The paper argues that although nationalism was the driving force behind these events, particularly in China, diverse events were brought about by different groups of 'people' in that society. The paper focuses on China and Korea and examines the the Japanese colonial rule in Korea, the 1911 Revolution in China and the Chinese May Fourth movement.
From the Paper
"The situation in Korea at the beginning of the 20th century was particularly complex. The Korean peninsula was of interest to both Russian and Japanese imperial interests for economic and strategic reasons. After the Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905) Korea was acknowledged as Japanese sphere of interest by United States and Britain. In 1910 Koreans officially lost their sovereignty when the treaty of annexation was signed. Many see the Japanese rule over Korea as contradictory. Korean people suffered from the police regime the Japanese authorities have established. The punishment for riots and crimes were strict. The Korean participation in all forms of government was cancelled."
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East Asian History, 2005.
A sinocentric view of modern East Asian history.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the history of East Asia in the modern period from 1400 to 1900 is commonly viewed through the lens of the Europeans who came to trade, convert, loot, and conquer during this time. It discusses how although it cannot be denied that the arrival and eventual dominance of the Europeans over the international relations of the Sinic world was of great significance in the history of the region, it may be argued that simply by shifting our perspective we may obtain a more accurate analysis of this era in East Asian history.
From the Paper
" The history of East Asia in the modern period - from 1400 to 1900 - is commonly viewed through the "lens" of the Europeans who came to trade, convert, loot and conquer during this time. While it cannot be denied that the arrival and eventual dominance of the Europeans over the international relations of the Sinic world was of great significance in the history of the region, it may be argued that simply by shifting our perspective we may obtain a more accurate analysis of this era in East Asian history. "
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 1998.
Provides a brief historical overview of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); analyzes the present organization, details the major security, economic, social & organizational concerns within the organization; & discusses future directions.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 23 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS
Introduction
In 1997, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) celebrated its thirtieth year of existence. Normally, when a government organization reaches a 30-year point, it is the cause for reflection -- both internally as the group evaluates its original goals and sets plans for the next decades, and externally, when the press and other governments analyze the group's shortcomings. This paper will perform much of that same function.
Part 1 will provide a brief historical overview of ASEAN. Part 2 will analyze the present organization. Part 3 will detail the major security, economic, social and organizational concerns and conflicts apparent in the organization. Part 4 will look.."
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The League of Nations and the United Nations, 2005.
This paper discusses the participation of the U.S. in the League of Nations and the United Nations as an element of the American national interest.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the U. S. failed to support the League of Nations, America supported the United Nations because the supreme national interest of America was to obtain a world atmosphere in which the United States could grow its inner social values devoid of undue commotion or danger from the outside. The author points out that collective action via the United Nations instead of unilateral action was considered politically viable on key political issues. The paper concludes that the League of Nations and the United Nations disappointed hopes the following the two world wars because, in no way, can they be an autonomous political power; at best, the U.N. is a mirror image of the opposing interest of autonomous states.
Table of Contents
Introduction
America's Rejection to Support the League of Nations
The Historical Background
The Fundamental Principals that Lead to the Rejection of the League of Nations
America's Support for the United Nations
Using United Nations to Achieve the Goals of American Foreign Policy
The Fundamental Goal of Military Security
The Fundamental Goal of Political Security:
The Fundamental Goal of Stability and Welfare
The Fundamental Goal of World Order
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the United States of America the major disagreement on both the groundwork venture and the refined Covenant of the League of Nations had been on the base that the League would function as an intrusion with the sovereignty of America and with the Monroe principle, that it concerned desertion of the traditional American policy, which had not been in favor of entrapped coalitions, and that the government did not have the power, within its Constitution, to insert such an agreement . Independence has revealed to be just so much freedom of action on the behalf of countries as is coherent with their responsibility, within international law and principles, to authorize the application of uniform independence or freedom of action by their sister countries. The League agreement had assured all States in their application of this sovereignty free from coercion by other Countries, and he who desires more is actually in search of the authorization thoughtlessly to ignore these commitments -- to refuse, for instance, the fair rulings of a properly established tribunal -- which is the German perception of independence."
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Nationalism and the Founding of Nations, 2007.
A discussion of whether it is nationalism which engenders nations or the opposite.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper argues the case in favor of the stance that nationalism engenders nations, and not the other way around. The paper points out that there has yet to be any real consensus reached among historians regarding this question. It asserts that a large proportion of this debate relies on the context in which the argument is made, i.e. the time-frame and historical references used. Furthermore, definitions of the terms "nationalism" and "nation" vary from one source to another. The paper attempts to define these key terms. The interaction between nations and nationalism is analyzed using the nationalist movement of eighteenth and nineteenth century Germany as a reference point. The paper concludes that analyzing the origins of the nationalist movement illustrates how nationalism preceded the nation.
From the Paper
"It has already been said that a nation is not something overly definitive, so how can we justify its existence? It is generally accepted that any nation of people exists because that certain group of people have something or some things in common; race, language, culture, history etc. But it is inadequate to define a nation by describing it as an entity in which all individuals share common characteristics, because there will always be exceptions to the rule. Yet, if we try to define a nation using only a single rule, e.g. the necessity of a shared culture, then we narrow it down to too fine a focus, and potentially exclude a large number of people who identify themselves as being part of that nation. Renan, for example, championed heritage and the shared "heroic past" of a people as the only required component of a nation."
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Nation - Nation State, 2002.
Defining the difference between a nation and a nation-state.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
Even though these concepts seem very similar, this paper uses contemporary examples to show the difference between a nation and a nation-state. It discusses the history of Zionism, the "Nation of Islam" quest by African-Americans, and the ongoing wars in the Balkans. It also looks at different factors taken into account when defining these concepts - religion, history and culture.
From the Paper
"Defining the difference between a nation and a nation-state can seem more like a bit of philosophical hair-splitting than a useful distinction for a political scientist to make in analyzing the present global situation. However, to better understand the assumptions that underline the terms of ?nation? and ?nation state? it is useful to unpack such concepts before passing judgement on what is a nation or a nation state in the real world of lived political existence."
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League of Nations and the United Nations, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the League of Nations and the United Nations.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer compares and contrasts the League of Nations and the United Nations as international organizations formed to maintain peace and international cooperation. The writer discusses the League's role in reducing international tensions and its limited effectiveness. Further, the writer discusses the complexity of the United Nations as an organization.
From the Paper
Inis L. Claude stated that 'One World' is in some respects an idea land an aspiration born of modern interpretations of ancient moral thoughts and of rational estimates of the requirements for human survival. Both the League of Nations and its successor the United Nations were created as international organizations with a vested interest in maintaining the peace, preventing war, creating a mechanism or set of mechanisms for international cooperation and diplomacy and otherwise serving as trustees of ... "
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Nationalism and the Modern Nation State, 2004.
A comparison of Umut Ozkirimli?s work, entitled "Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction" and Stuart J. Kaufman?s "Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War".
842 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines these two writers' views on nationality and concludes that, although Kaufman is more inclined to speak of ?hatreds? rather than ethnic identities, Kaufman also, like Ozkirimli, stresses the importance of understanding the emotional significance of ethnic and national identity when constructing a nation state, rather than the idea that ethnicity exists as a linear, enclosed historical trope within definable and easily recognizable boundaries;ethnicity is ?felt,? rather than historically in evidence, for both authors.
From the Paper
"The overview present in Umut Ozkirimli?s analysis is a warning not to dismiss the importance of nationalism, and also a caution not to accept certain groups? claims to nationhood wholesale and at their face value, as the concept of what constitutes ethnicity shifts and changes, depending on individual?s particular political alliances in a particular historical context. Ozkirimili?s work has a far more dispassionate tone, in contrast, to Stuart J. Kaufman?s Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. Kaufman?s work, in contrast to Ozkirimli, is more stridently prescriptive in nature. However, Kaufman is also more rigorous in his use of international political theoretical frameworks to justify his suggestions to policymakers."
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Quebec Nationalism vs. Canadian Nationalism, 2006.
A discussion on why nationalism is stronger in Quebec than it is in the rest of Canada.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
It is very clear that nationalism is stronger in Quebec than it is in the rest of Canada. While Quebec remains a province of federal Canada, the question of seceding from Canada and becoming an independent country is never far from the agenda of most politicians in Quebec, and generates immense patriotic fervor throughout Quebec. This factor makes Quebec entirely different from other Canadian provinces. For example, we never hear talk of British Columbia seceding from Canada and becoming the Republic of British Columbia. In order to understand this peculiar situation, this paper investigates Canada's past and, specifically, the history of Quebec with Canada.
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Two Nations Within a Nation, 2002.
A justification for slavery.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that slavery was good for blacks. The author explains that the moral justification to slavery used by Southerners was that there was an inherent 'inferiority' in dark-skinned peoples. This meant that 'superior' races had a legitimate right to control them as they saw fit.
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American National Security, 2001.
An examination of the meaning and origin of "national security," the absence of geographical limits in defining national security, and a critical examination of the historical impact of American foreign policy during the Cold War (cites Chomsky extensivel
1,336 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that although the term national security, as a Cold War construct, is new, the application of power abroad, as needed by the state, is recorded even in Biblical times. The paper looks at US foreign policy throughout the 20th century, around the time of the world wars and during the Cold War. Some of the questions looked at are: How the state defines the goals that compose its national interest, the means the state selects to pursue those goals, and the state?s identification of others as friend or foe determine how the promotion of the inherently ambiguous concept of ?national security? parlays into actual policy. The paper proves that promotion of national security is the logical means by which the state?s preferences are realized.
From the Paper
"Instead, maintenance of a subservient client role for such states was sufficient; the United States would enjoy the benefits of its clients acceding to American preferences for their economic and foreign policies, without being burdened with the chore of actually administering British-style colonies. The international capitalist order, which allowed free mobility of capital, made control of large swaths of territory and people irrelevant to increasing wealth."
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The Augusta National Controversy, 2002.
Discusses the media war between the National Council of Women?s Organizations and the Augusta National Golf Club over the club's policy of excluding women.
2,890 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why the prestigious Augusta National Golf Club excludes women from its membership roles. It discusses whether it is legal and, moreover, ethical, for a private club to exclude an American citizen based on gender. The paper focuses on the public relations battle which took place between the club's chairman, Hootie Johnson, and chairperson of the National Council of Women's Organizations, Martha Burk, over the club's exclusion of women from the club and the Masters Tournament which takes place each year. The paper explores Augusta National's public image following the confrontation and looks at how Burk threatened to turn one of America?s most esteemed sporting events into a public relations nightmare for its sponsors. The paper looks at how successful her very public made-for-media strategy to challenge corporate America?s commercial support of The Masters Tournament really was.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, in the past few months, everyone of any stature in golf (Tiger Woods was most prominent among opinions expressed; he declined to take sides), in civil rights (Jesse Jackson announced he would lead the charge against the discrimination of women), and it seems, in the media, had an opinion on Augusta?s refusal to admit women. Sandy Grady, writing in USA Today, noted that Augusta?s power elite were ??so petrified that feminists will infiltrate their boys club, they announced this rule, according to the Augusta Chronicle: ?Patrons will be asked to return to their cars and remove buttons, hats, or T-shirts that express any opinion, pro or con, on a social or political basis?.? That would appear to be unconstitutional at the worst, and, at the least, blatant paranoia."
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National Security Strategy, 2008.
An analysis of the US National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68).
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on analyzing a particular aspect of the National Security Strategy, that is, NSS-2002. It uses the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) as a reference point to understand the difference in the perceptions of threat facing the United States and the difference between the two policies. The connection between the two policies highlights some political, economic, and cultural realms that have been affected by the dimensions of the policy. Overall, it is clear that US foreign policy is reactive rather than preventative, since both NSS-2002 and NSC-68 were devised to counter, rather than to prohibit actions that were seen as harmful to the United States. The paper concludes that even domestic policies necessarily affect global economy, due to the integration of societies, thus careful consideration of foreign policy on use of power is imperative.
Outline:
Introduction
National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and NSC-68: A Critical Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What are the similarities and differences between the NSS-2002 and the NSC-68? There is the common misconception that the NSS-2002 is simple about combating terrorism. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlines, the NSS-2002 surpasses combating terrorism, but has an overarching aim of promoting free trade and combating all aspects of terrorism. It is necessary to distinguish between state-sponsored and non-state sponsored terrorism, so as to understand how the NSS-2002 integrates all aspects of threats irrespective or origin and devises mechanisms to combat these issues."
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Asian-American Literature, 2004.
This paper reviews Asian-American history and provides a course outline for incorporating Asian-American literature studies into middle-school or high-school coursework.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Asian-American literature, which has grown considerably over the last several decades, is considered one of the subdivisions of multicultural literature. The author points out that scholarly and popular interest in Asian-American literature is of recent vintage, having found its direct roots in student activism at San Francisco State and the University of California, Berkeley in the late 1960s, which resulted in the creation of interdisciplinary ethnic studies programs; today, courses in Asian-American literature are common throughout U.S. higher education. The paper relates that Asian-American literature is an oft-contested field due to the wide variety of cultures and backgrounds in the Asian-Americans culture; however, this variety of backgrounds has given rise to writings reflective of cross-generational concerns and styles.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Course Outline
Course Abstract
Fiction
Group Project
Single Project
Survey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When considering the history of Asian-American literature, it is necessary to also look at the history of those who came to the United States since its formation. In reviewing the Asian-American literature, it is also important to note the history of Asian immigration to the United States. The Chinese first started immigrating to the United States during the mid- to late-1860s, as part of the gold rush. They provided cheap labor for farms and the transcontinental railroad. Other Asian groups joined them during this same time to work in the Hawaiian sugar plantations or California farm fields. The Asians were recognized as second-class citizens from their very first days in the country. However, they still had to contribute 50 percent of the taxes collected in California between 1850 and 1870 because of the Foreign Miners Tax of 1850. Other discriminatory events included the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1885, which initiated a ban on Chinese immigration."
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