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The Napoleonic Wars and the Realist Paradigm, 2008.
This paper examines the Napoleonic wars as an example of modern warfare and an assessment of contradictory explanations of war, the liberal and realist paradigms.
4,280 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while the major battles of the Napoleonic Wars occurred between the years 1803 and 1815, 18th century long-range factors, such as increased manpower and agricultural, financial and industrial resources, contributed to this prolonged and intense conflict. The author points out that the increase of available resources called for revised methods for command and control over armies. The paper describes, in detail, the relationship of countries, the wars and Napoleon's rise to power. The author states that the downfall of Napoleon can be said to rationalize the liberal paradigm, which proposes that interdependence based on internationally shared interests can mitigate international conflict; however, not all components of the liberal paradigm apply to the Napoleonic Wars. The paper states that the realist paradigm, which argues that the actual international structure may be conducive to warfare, offers a more complete analysis of the the Napoleonic war era.
From the Paper
"Nearing the turn of the century, the French Revolution started to collide with greater European interests, posing a potential threat to international stability and order. To avoid being overthrown, the French king made an unsuccessful attempt to escape. When he was returned to Paris, he was suspended of all power and virtually placed under arrest. Leopold the II of Austria petitioned the royal families of Europe to help restore the French royal family, stating in the Declaration of Pillnitz that reinstating France's monarchy was in Europe's common interest and ultimately necessary to maintain international stability.
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French Paintings of Napoleonic Wars, 1996.
Compares glories of war portrayed in Jean-Antoine Gros' "The Battle of Aboukir" & Theodore Gericault's "Portrait of an Officer of the Chasseurs."
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The great French novelist, and occasional art critic, Stendhal was engaged in praising a particular painter when he wrote that though "I have seen two or three thousand painted battle scenes -- I have seen two or three real ones." During the Napoleonic period the wars that were waged by France were such a major part of the lives of members of all classes that it is not surprising to find many paintings of war. As Stendhal's only slightly exaggerated remark shows, such paintings were staples of contemporary art. The history of the paintings of military subjects embodies the great problem of the age in France and, to a lesser degree, throughout Europe. After the French Revolution, which heralded the supposed triumph of the common man, the rise of a true common man, Napoleon, to the status of conqueror of most of Europe and then self-declared Emperor of the.."
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How the French Wars Affected Anglo-American Relations and Trade, 2001.
This paper is a study of Anglo-American relations following the War of Independence, and France's role in keeping the two countries at odds.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This essay examines how Anglo-American relations improved following the War of Independance, only to deteriorate again during the Napoleonic Wars. It contrasts British attempts to gain complete control of the sea to combat Napoleon, with U.S. attempts to break this control in order to increase her own foreign trade.
From the Paper
"Following the end of the War of Independence, relations between Britain and the United States slowly improved. Many felt that because of the shared language, religion and culture the two countries should work together, especially economically. This was especially true in Britain, where the ideas of Adam Smith were beginning to take hold, and free trade with America became an attractive idea. In the United States, Republicans still disliked the British, but the Federalists did not want to continue any rivalries and shared the British views on trade between the nations."
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Britain in Napoleonic Wars, 1993.
Role in defeating France. Looks at Britain's strategy, use of sea power & multinational coalitions, economics and specific battles.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Britain and the Defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars This paper will discuss the role of Great Britain in the Napoleonic Wars, focusing upon the role of Britain in France's ultimate defeat and the strategy used by Britain in fighting France. Specifically, the discussion will center around the strategy of using sea power and multinational coalitions to fight Napoleon, rather than directly confronting the bulk of his ground forces in campaigns on the continent. The discussion will also analyze how the Peninsular Campaign fit into this strategy and what effects it had upon France.
All of the European ruling classes reacted negatively to the French Revolution in the late 1780s; they viewed it as a dangerous precedent for the classes in their own countries who were essentially excluded from the function of governing. Many.."
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Origins and Impact of German Unification on Europe, 2004.
Examines the impact and historical significance of the unity of the German states after the Napoleonic Wars and their implication on changing Europe.
5,234 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
The paper is a historical examination into the German national movement that began after the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. The desire for unity among the German states, mainly between Prussia and Austria, would eventually be a main reason for World War I and World War II. This in the desire to see a Greater Germany exist as the competing power in Europe by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as an opposition to English, French and Russian domination of the continent. The paper is divided up into three main parts. The first section gives a history of the Napoleonic Wars and the growing concept of nationalism in the German states under Napoleon. It was this hope for unity that helped push the French back and convince the world that German unity was in the best interest as a buffer to further French aggression. The second part of the paper deals with the unification of the German states and the problems and progress that existed from the time of 1815-1870. The growing industrial movement is heavily discussed as being the backbone to the new German Confederation of states. The rivalry that existed between Austria and Prussia, which eventually splintered Austria from the Confederation, is also discussed and how the German nation became stronger due to a more powerful Prussian influence. A complete investigation into German culture, economics and military system of the 19th century is given in this section in a very detailed manner. Repeated sources from English observers and German politicians give an insight into how Germany began to grow as a European power during the middle 19th century. A huge part of this section deals with the German economy and their desire to match England in terms of economic dominance of Europe. The German economic system is examined, run by a harsh yet amazingly efficient centralized government that maximizes output and production from its workers. Finally, the last section deals with the establishment of the German Empire, and how nationalism completely took over Germany as the predominant unifying factor of the German people. The Franco-Prussian War and the subsequent territorial grabs by Otto Von Bismarck and Kaiser Wilhelm The First are discussed, right up until the outbreak of World War I where Germany has officially taken its place as the predominant military and economic power on the continent.
From the Paper
"Throughout the history of Europe, there have been numerous incidents in which a country will affect the entirety of the continent through political, economic or cultural means. These influences upon fellow European countries usually tended to be permanent changes, whether it was the religious division that came upon The Protestant split or The French Revolution's impact on neighboring countries. However, the one event that changed the course of European history and would eventually impact every European nation was the unification of the Germany city-states into a conglomerated country in 1815. Through this development of a united Germany at the Congress of Vienna, Europe would be forever changed and would be forced to compete with Germanic ideals that the new nation would sponsor as it began to build up a nationalistic Germany. What the European powers saw as a means of ending local rivalries and improving economic trade and prosperity to the former states of the Holy Roman Empire, the unification of the German people would taint any optimistic expectations of peaceful coexistence in Europe for the latter half of the 19th century and would take on much more dangerous and bloody connotations as the 20th century unfolded. The united country of Germany, through a series of beliefs and practices that each German citizen began to trust while the country was building itself in the 19th century, would become one of the most dominant and influential nations in European history. These principles were the strong nationalistic feelings that came from the pride and love of what it was to be German, the growing industrial practices that began to be developed in German economic production, and the emphasis on military dignity and strength of the army, coupled with the German tendency to give powerful prominence to German military leaders, would become grounds for building a nation that would tower over the European political environment for years."
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British Sea Power, 2005.
This paper examines the use of British sea power during the Napoleonic Wars and the Great War.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in comparing Great Britain's use of sea power during the Napoleonic Wars and the Great War a century later, a number of significant similarities and important differences is evident. The author points out that the similarities between the British Admiralty's projection of sea power in the early nineteenth-century and its projection of sea power in the early twentieth-century were primarily due to the unchanging nature of the fundamental principles of maritime strategy. The paper relates that the differences were due primarily to the development of new naval technology and weaponry, which presented Kaiser Wilhelm II with the opportunity to defeat Great Britain at sea despite the immense power of Sir John Jellicoe's Grand Fleet.
From the Paper
"In comparing Great Britain's use of sea power during the Napoleonic Wars and the Great War a century later, a number of significant similarities are evident, but there are important differences as well. The similarities between the British Admiralty's projection of sea power in the early nineteenth-century and its projection of sea power in the early twentieth-century were primarily due to the unchanging nature of the fundamental principles of maritime strategy. The differences were primarily due to the development of new naval technology and weaponry, which presented Kaiser Wilhelm II with the opportunity to defeat Great Britain at sea despite the immense power of Sir John Jellicoe's Grand Fleet."
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War Literature: Stendahl and Tolstoy, 2002.
A look at the insights of war provided by Stendahl and Tolstoy's literature.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Stendahl and Tolstoy were both very insightful students of war and its impact on human society, but their different nationalities and their different perceptions of the Napoleonic wars drove them to write novels that shared acute observations of war, but that were set in different contexts entirely, with subsequent different effects on their readers.
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Civil War Artillery, 2002.
This paper discusses how artillery played a prominent role in nearly all of the major Civil War battles.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 15 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the heavy influence of artillery in determining the outcome of Civil War battles continued the trend that began in the Napoleonic Wars. The author points out that the relative importance of cavalry and infantry declined when it was seen that they simply could not prevail on an open battlefield against well-directed and sustained artillery fire.
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Napoleon and the Evolution in the Revolution, 2004.
An analysis of Napoleon's tactics during his years as a military leader.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the evolution of military equipment and tactics during Napoleon's age and wars. It looks at the benefits of the advancements for Napoleon and how he conquered and succeeded as much as he did.
From the Paper
"In Peter Paret?s quote of Napoleon Bonaparte one can hope to understand what he means when speaking of how Napoleon ?recognized the military potential of the changes taking place, and brought them together into a system of unexcelled destructive power.? Most people will read into this and may think the evolution of military weapons is the change, but this would be an inaccurate assumption; the weaponry, which did indeed change, only changed slightly from the days of Louis XIV. Although the evolution of weapons did help, the main changes were the changes in strategy and tactics innovated and implemented by Napoleon."
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Realist Theory, 2000.
A analysis of the contribution of Hans Morgenthau to the development of Realist Theory and what makes his contribution unique.
3,137 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how one scholar, Hans Morgenthau developed the thinking of both the theory and application of Realism in international relations. The main assumptions of Realism are discussed including some elements of peace, security, war, power, structure and anarchy. Examples are drawn from contemporary experiences in international relations and compared with Morgenthau's type of Realist paradigm from his time.
From the Paper
"Morgenthau?s book, ?Politics Among Nations? first published in 1948, was one launch of attack on the Idealists. It was written at a time when there was much theoretical crises and thus, a time when there was a search for the truth and ways of seeking to understand the behaviour among states. Thus, Morgenthau?s first contribution was the separation of what was real from what were aspirations, the latter being at the heart of Idealist discourse. Morgenthau at this juncture drew on Carr in explaining the idea that Idealists focused on ?what should be?. However, Morgenthau decided that the crux of a true science should focus on ?what is?."
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Choosing a Paradigm, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the methodology used by researchers in choosing a paradigm for research purposes while focusing on the philosophical presumptions which exist in regards to the nature of their primary research.
5,656 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 62 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper defines the term 'research paradigm' as system of beliefs, values and techniques which are shared within a group or community. The writer of this paper focuses on research paradigms as a method of looking at the world while providing a specific foundation for researchers to understand what is going on around them. The writer contends and explains why paradigms are discernible by different sets of beliefs which are acquired from philosophical assumptions about the nature of reality. This paper focuses on both the positivist and interpretivist forms of paradigms as they relate to the field social science and research. Positivist paradigms stress significance and disposition while the interpretivist form of paradigms focus on substance and situation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Science Research and Natural Science
What is a Paradigm?
The Positivist Paradigm
The Interpretivist Paradigm
Alternative Perspectives
Paradigms and Methods
Paradigms and the Research Proposal
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Pragmatists acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each tool. They recognize not only that science affects decision-making but also politics, ignorance, intuition, habit, and prejudice. They also understand the limitations--recommendations are tentative and of a probabilistic nature. Miles and Huberman comment that "we believe that all of us, realists, relativists, critical theorists, are closer to the center, with multiple overlaps." A growing body of social research takes a stand somewhere between the two schools of thought. Eclectic researchers recognize that no piece of social research can be entirely objective, since no researcher is value free. Even in an overtly rigorous quantitative, head counting study, some implicit decisions have already been made as to which heads are worth counting. Eclectic researchers can be more flexible in designing the research process."
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Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Revolution, 2002.
This paper discusses that the Age of Napoleon Bonaparte has its roots in the French Revolution and that it was Napoleon Bonaparte who spread the teachings of the French Revolution throughout Europe.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the French Revolution ignited new ideas regarding equality, justice, freedom and the very nature of social interaction; but, ironically, it was a dictator, Napoleon, who perpetuated and spread many of these ideas. The paper points out that the Napoleonic Code, the introduction of liberal ideas to Egypt, and the beginning of the drive for the unification of Italy were all things that resulted from ideas derived from the French Revolution that spread because of Napoleon and his rule. The author believes that the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon?s dissemination of its ideas can be demonstrated by the fact that even after the defeat of Napoleon, none of the old European monarchies or regimes ever enjoyed the absolute power that they once held.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The French Revolution
Napoleon Early in the Revolution
Quest for Power
Napoleon as a Ruler and Conqueror
The Tragedy of Napoleon?s Life
The Legacy of Napoleon and the French Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Napoleon is a tragic figure in that few have had so much and lost it all. From being the world?s most powerful man to becoming a lonely exile must have been a bitter pill to swallow. Napoleon?s life is also tragic in that so many people were fanatically loyal to him, yet his first love Josephine, was unfaithful to him and never provided the male heir that he so desperately wanted. But, the greater tragedy is the waste of Napoleon?s talents. True, he achieved monumental military accomplishments, but his conquests were ephemeral; they did not last. Universally recognized as one of the great military minds, Napoleon was equally talented as an administrator. If he had turned his attention to these pursuits, he could have done so much lasting good. He was also a man of contradictions. Vain, arrogant, and ambitious, he loved himself, but he was not afraid to recognize and praise ability in others. He was ruthless when necessary, but he does not seem to have been driven by hate as some later dictators were. All in all, he still fascinates us today."
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The War of 1812, 2007.
A discussion of the causes and outcomes of the War of 1812.
1,872 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the root causes of the War of 1812, which involved Great Britain's war with Napoleon in Europe, as well as the young United State's commercial interests. The paper discusses how the war appears to have ended in a stalemate as there were no official territorial changes. The author is of the opinion, however, that the war was a success for America, as their independence was ultimately entrenched and any previous encroachments on American independence came to an end after the War of 1812.
From the Paper
"Peace after the Revolutionary War of Independence did not resolve all tension between the United States and Great Britain. This became evident on June 6, 1812 as the United States declared war on Great Britain. There are numerous reasons that led to the war, which primarily involve in some form Great Britain's involvement in war with Napoleon in Europe to the young United State's expansionist ambitions. This war that would become known as the War of 1812 was fought in North America from 1812 - 1815."
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Napoleon and his Conquest of Europe, 2006.
An essay looking at how France and the world would be different had Napoleon been more like George Washington.
2,156 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the world would be today if Napoleon had approached his conquest of Europe from a democratic point of view. The paper begins with a brief history and overview of Napoleon and his politics and then analyzes his rule in France and Europe from a democratic point of view.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Napoleon and His Politics
Hard to Be Humble When You Are Great
Napoleonic Rule in France from a Democratic Point of View
Democratization Through Conquest
Napoleonic Rule in Europe
The Downfall of Napoleon
France Today Based on President Napoleon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Napoleon I (1769-1821) was the emperor of the French who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution. Much like George Washington, he was one of the greatest military commanders of all time. Napoleon conquered the larger part of Europe and did much to modernize the nations he ruled. Napoleon was born on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, Corsica, and was given the name Napoleone (in French his name became Napoleon Bonaparte). He was the second of eight children of Carlo (Charles) Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino Buonaparte, both of the Corsican- Italian gentry. No Buonaparte had ever been a professional soldier. Carlo was a lawyer who had fought for Corsican independence, but after the French occupied the island in 1768, he served as a prosecutor and judge and entered the French aristocracy as a count. "Through his father's influence, Napoleon was educated at the expense of King Louis XVI, at Brienne and the Ecole Militaire, in Paris. Napoleon graduated in 1785, at the age of 16, and joined the artillery as a second lieutenant.""
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The Nature of War and the Significance of Strategy, 2008.
An essay on the military strategies of various war leaders.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses many well-known ancient commentators of war and highlights the thoughts expressed by one of the most famous of these commentators, Sun Tzu, who lived some time between 500 and 300 B.C.E., during the warring kingdoms period in China. The paper goes on to discuss the five factors Sun Tzu saw necessary for implementing war and then compares his ideas with that of Henri-Antoine Jomini, who was influenced by the Napoleonic era, and many others. The paper concludes that with the power of nuclear warheads today perhaps mankind has realized that "warring" is no longer an option.
From the Paper
"While there are many commentators in western history, including notably Thucydides and Julius Caesar - both of them practitioners as well as commentators - perhaps the most notable of the ancient commentators is a person of who we know very little. We believe Sun Tzu lived some time between 500 and 300 B.C.E., during the warring kingdoms period in China. His various teachings on war were written out some 200 years later."
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