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NAFTA, CAFTA, and the WTO, 2005.
An analysis of these three world bodies.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines free trade issues. In 1993 and 1994, the United States Congress ratified American membership in two important free trade organizations: NAFTA and WTO. In order to expand free trade, George W. Bush is currently negotiating with the leaders of Central American countries to create a Central American Free Trade Agreement. The paper shows that some of these leaders are reluctant to agree to membership in CAFTA because of suspicions that these regional and multilateral trade organizations are simply another tool to maintain the advantages of economically developed countries.
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CAFTA, China and the WTO, 2006.
A discussion regarding China and CAFTA, and the impact it had on world trade.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the case of the CAFTA and its juxtaposition against the entry of China into the WTO. As China becomes a more powerful trading force globally the free trade agreements such as CASFTA become more important. This paper highlights the concerns of the Central American nations and the US as they formulate the FTA to accommodate Chinese competition.
From the Paper
"When China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the calculus for trade in the Western Hemisphere changed significantly. Whereas before the Americas had always had a special trade relationship due to proximity and cultural-geographical ties, the entry of China into the WTO threatened to turn trade among the U.S. and the countries of Central and South America into an open battle for survival, especially for smaller countries with limited but developing economies such as Honduras and Guatemala. "
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China and the WTO, 2002.
This paper discusses China?s inception into the World Trade Organization (WTO) and addresses the question of whether or not China's markets have expanded since its entry.
7,925 words (approx. 31.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 171.95
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Abstract
On December 11, 2001, China officially became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), opening the country?s doors to change and a new economy. This paper looks at the long journey it took in order to achieve this goal and the future prospects of such a step. The paper begins with an historical overview of China's economic structure and how this culminated into a decision to enter the WTO. It discusses the obstacles that China experienced in joining the WTO and the cost of the membership. It provides a table of China's commitments to the WTO and looks at what they expect to get in return. The economic impact of such a move is discussed and how this has influenced China's market structure and financial market reform.
Introduction
History of China?s Economic Structure
The Decision to Enter the WTO
Obstacles in Joining the WTO
The Cost of WTO Membership
China's Key Commitments to the WTO
What China Gets in Return
Economic Impact on China
China?s Commitments
Foreign Investments
Changes Made and Lessons Learned
China?s Market Structure
Financial Market Reform
Trade and Foreign Direct Investment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On December 11, 2001, China officially became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), opening the country?s doors to change and a new economy. One year after China?s entry into the WTO, the country reported great success, showing better-than-expected economic growth and fulfillment of its WTO commitments, despite its shaky world economy. The excellent performance of the Chinese economy was clearly demonstrated by its eight percent growth rate in gross domestic product, as well as the significant growth in trade and inflow of foreign direct investment. As a result of its inception into the WTO, financial experts forecast that China will become the fifth trading country with an import-export volume worth US$600 billion and one of the most attractive areas for foreign direct investment, which exceeded US$50 billion in 2002 alone."
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Mexico and the WTO, 2008.
An examination of the influence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Mexico.
2,287 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the WTO has the greatest influence on Mexico, relative to its economic and structural development. The paper explains how the WTO indirectly affects positive global economic growth; rather than mandating policy, it negotiates and ensures that the smallest economic presence has equal access to the same economic and trade apparatus as the largest presence. The paper notes that with less export trade in goods and services, many developing countries would simply remain dependent on foreign aid and would never develop the internal capacity to establish a positive economic model.
Outline:
Overview
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
Mexico and the WTO
WTO Policies in Terms of Development
The World Trade, FDI and Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Mexico is extremely useful in terms of a country for examination relative to ascertaining the influence of developmental policies of international organizations because it has been subject to international forces within the global economy through both its World Trade Organization (WTO) membership as well as its membership in NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association). Additionally, its geographical proximity to the U.S. and its developing economic status ensures that it is subject to various transnational organizational influences by degree depending on the particular organization in question. However, the organization with the greatest influence on Mexico relative to its economic and structural development is the WTO because the WTO's apparatus, while subtle in many respects, has done more to shape the global economy than perhaps any other transnational body and this degree of influence is clearly represented in the Mexican development over the past several decades."
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NAFTA and The American Auto Industry, 2007.
A discussion on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the effects on the American auto industry.
3,920 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews NAFTA and its effect on the American auto industry. Specifically the researcher examines various theoretical propositions providing analysis of the effects of NAFTA since implementation. The author's aims and objectives include identifying the costs and benefits associated with NAFTA's implementation, as well as identifying future trends and areas for research growth with respect to NAFTA and the automobile industry. The primary research examined includes how NAFTA impacted the U.S. automobile industry as a whole; whether the overall effects of NAFTA on the U.S. automobile industry have been positive or negative; and what the future of the U.S. automobile industry is, based on research gathered regarding NAFTA since its inception.
Outline:
Introduction
Journal Review
Theoretical Discussion of Topic
NAFTA Integration Strategies
Data Analysis
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Koechlin & Larudee (1992) take an interesting approach reviewing the potential effectives of NAFTA prior to its full inception claiming that the overall costs of NAFTA would likely be too high or negative in nature, postulating that employment would be affected most severely particularly within the U.S. Lastly Globerman & Storer (2005) provide the most recent analysis of free trade and price convergence resulting from NAFTA. The authors adopt economic theory suggesting that liberalization of trade will ultimately result in price convergence. The authors also examine the impacts of convergence on returns to capital and wages, suggesting that multiple explanations exist for the seeming divergence that followed the Canada-U.S. Auto Pact in the early 1960s."
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the U.S., Mexico and Canada and its impact on the U.S. job market.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to open up the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders to free trade; however, NAFTA's ratification and implementation over the last decade has not had uniform success. The author points out that, while many detractors of NAFTA had predicted that the U.S. economy would run at an overall trade deficit with both Canada and Mexico, they failed to observe that overall exports to these two markets would increase greatly as well. The paper also examines the impact of NAFTA on the U.S. job market and concludes that some of the apparatus within NAFTA's regulatory structure, which allows for negotiation and renegotiation, should be utilized to make adjustments for the economic impact NAFTA has had on the U.S. economy especially on job loss. The paper includes tables on job creation and loss and wage changes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positive Economic Impact of NAFTA
Negative Economic Impact of NAFTA
Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One industry that has been in decline in the U.S. for many years has been the textile industry. NAFTA's detractors often, supported by the U.S. textile industry itself, belabored this point in arguments against ratification of NAFTA. Cook points out that although NAFTA led to expanded markets for the U.S. textile industry by: 1) the elimination of import duties into Mexico on U.S. produced yarns and cotton, and 2) by mandating that Mexican textile manufacturers actually utilize U.S. yarn and cotton in textiles that are exported to the U.S. and Canadian markets."
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NAFTA and Its Weaknesses, 2008.
A discussion of the weaknesses of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the positive and negative effects the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The paper asserts that NAFTA has taken on somewhat mythical proportions in the minds of its proponents and detractors alike. It holds that NAFTA has primarily struck a dissonant tone with the U.S. and Mexico, while Canada largely accepted its utility. To its detractors NAFTA offered a convenient scapegoat for all of the economic woes since its inception in January 1994, and to its proponents it has been responsible for most of the economic growth periods of the last 10 years. Yet, beyond all the hype, rhetoric, and ideology superficially imposed on it, NAFTA was a dynamic process that required monumental negotiation commitment on the part of the signatories and certainly on the part of Canada as the smallest market.
The paper concludes that, although NAFTA comes with its negative attributes, it has largely proven a boon to the Canadian economy and the country would be ill-advised to withdraw from the treaty.
Outline:
History & Description
NAFTA Weaknesses & Failure
Benefits & Cost Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While NAFTA has been somewhat contentious since before its inception, the economic results of the agreement have proven largely inline with the positive projections associated with NAFTA by its designers and supporters. In fact, the increasing reliance on free-trade agreements which essentially become a 5th column in a country's foreign policy mechanism, NAFTA has become not just an economic success but a political template for further free-trade agreements across the globe. Some researchers have pointed out that NAFTA was ground-breaking both for its visionary approach to expanded trade relationships and for its unique integration into the signatory countries' sovereignty."
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NAFTA in Argentina, 2002.
Examines whether it is a wise economic move to expand the NAFTA agreement to include Argentina.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Looking at the question of whether or not it is wise to admit Argentina into NAFTA, then, depends largely on what side of the coin one likes to look at. On an economic basis, there is some compelling logic that makes such a deal attractive. On a practical level, however, there are problems with the implementation of the NAFTA agreement. Bringing more countries into the foray simply adds more chefs to an already crowded kitchen. In the end, the proper course of action largely depends on the ultimate objectives of the agreement. If NAFTA is a stepping stone to increased multilateral trade consistent with the provisions of the WTO, then we should applaud the entry of Argentina into the mix. If, however, NAFTA is a move towards increased regionalization at the expense of broad multilateral trade, then it should be dissuaded.
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Living and Working with NAFTA in the United States, 2004.
An analysis of the effects of NAFTA on the workers and consumers in the U.S.
6,243 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the data and economic trends of the past twenty years in an effort to determine whether NAFTA has been a great boon to the U.S. economy or whether it has, in fact, destroyed jobs and spun trade deficits out of control.
The Case for NAFTA
The Case Against NAFTA
Analysis
Conclusions for NAFTA's Future
From the Paper
"Three pens were taken up on December 17, 1992, and three men signed their names marking a historic day in international trade relations. It was that day that President Bush of the United States of America, President Salinas of the United Mexican States, and Prime Minister Mulroney of Canada, each in their respective capitals, signed the North American Free Trade Agreement. Exactly eleven months later, with a vote of 234 to 200 the U.S. House of Representative passed the agreement. The U.S. Senate followed suit with a vote of 60 to 38, just three days later, on November 20, 1993. With President Clinton's signature on December 20, 1993, and effective January 1, 1994, the nearly 400 million people of North America became unified in one integrated marketplace under NAFTA."
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The Impact of NAFTA, 2001.
This paper examines the impact that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has on the continent.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough definition of NAFTA and proceeds to examine the impact that this agreement has had on the United States. It deals with personal issues such as claims of heightened unemployment as well as national issues such as tax benefits and improved trade.
From the paper:
"On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was implement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This treaty drops most tariffs by 50% immediately, and dropped to zero by 2009. It is a unique trading agreement between two developed countries and a developing nation on a single continent. After eight years since NAFTA commenced, there are mixed analysis and opinions on whether this treaty is a success. It was designed to provide a free-flow of goods between countries without imputative measures and tariffs being enforced; it was promoted as a means to improve productivity and create jobs in the three countries; and, it was touted as model for further free-trade blocs to be created in the Americas and in other regional markets. After eights, no other free-trade blocs exists, nor has any other free-trade treaties been pursued and/or implemented by the NAFTA partners; and, with a world in a recession, there are two points of views on whether NAFTA has been more damaging than good during at this time, or if NAFTA has prevented further harm through its free-flow of goods."
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WTO and Environmental Protection, 2004.
An examination of how existing WTO rules deal with environmental protection and how they have been interpreted in dispute settlement.
2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the interpretation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules in dispute settlements has shown both the limits and scope of how a rule-making body, with a legacy of compromise and negotiated outcomes, deals with environmental protection. It spells out the WTO position on the trade-environment linkage and then reviews the key provisions negotiated under the WTO framework that relate to environmental policies. Next, it details the scope and limit of these rules by analyzing a sample of environmental cases interpreted in the WTO dispute settlement body (DSB). These include the tuna-dolphin, shrimp-turtle, reformulated gasoline, and asbestos cases. It also looks at how the WTO rules compare to those established under other Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEAs) and how this relationship is significant as it highlights limits.
From the Paper
"The preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement that establishes the WTO has referred to the importance of working towards sustainable development. The Members have recognized that "their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavor should be conducted with a view to....protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development" This statement contains an example of the legacy of compromise and the result of negotiated outcomes in the WTO. In the case of environmental protection there is a compromise of "sustainable development" embedded in the WTO Agreements and mandates that gives leeway to "creative ambiguities"."
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NAFTA, 2006.
This paper analyzes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) more than a decade after its inception.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that controversy surrounding NAFTA has been relatively continuous since its inception. The author points out that the five most hotly debated questions surrounding NAFTA are (1) has NAFTA been a success? (2) has the U.S. lost more jobs than it has gained?, (3) has immigration from Mexico slowed?, (4) what are the known benefits and costs? (5) has the state of Texas benefited? The paper states that, despite significant failures and flaws, the North American Free Trade Agreement has been very successful in its twelve-year history. The paper includes a statistical table.
From the Paper
"No trade agreement will be beneficial to everyone all the time. And while there certainly have been some losers in the wake of NAFTA, overall the effects have been positive. U.S. exports, for example, have risen significantly. This is a statistical benefit of the trade agreement. U.S. exports within NAFTA nations grew 103% between 1993 and 1998, while exports to all other nations increased at only half that rate. This is indicative of increased trade and, presumably, increased prosperity. However, studies written around the tenth anniversary of the trade agreement's inception reported different findings."
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NAFTA, 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer looks at the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that took effect on January 1, 1994. The writer points out that the result of NAFTA is increased trade, but with a growing U.S. trade deficit and job dislocation, particularly in manufacturing. Yet, economic growth has fueled job and wage growth in the U.S., increasing gross domestic product and foreign investment. The writer maintains that overall, the U.S. is better off under NAFTA with increased economic growth and dramatically more foreign investment. The writer concludes that even if NAFTA had never been signed, global economic forces would have forced specialization, as is already occurring with other trading partners. NAFTA simply accelerated the inevitable.
From the Paper
"The dismantling of trade barriers and opening of markets have led to economic growth and rising prosperity in the U.S., Mexico and Canada. The real GDP growth for all NAFA partners from 1993 to 2005 has been impressive. U.S. GDP during this time period grew 48%t while Mexico's increased by 40% and Canada's grew by 49%. However, because the Canadian and Mexican economies are much smaller than the economy of the U.S., their increases actually represent much larger growth rates."
"There is great debate about the job and wage impact of NAFTA. U.S. unemployment has fallen from 7.5% just before the signing of NAFTA, while trade deficits over the last decade grew by nearly 300%. Further, total U.S. employment grew by twenty-two million jobs between 1990 and 2000, and U.S. average per capita real income rose by 26% over the same period."
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Mexico and the WTO, 2008.
An analysis of the influence that the World Trade Organization (WTO) has had on Mexico relative to its economic and structural development.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Mexico as subject to international forces within the global economy through both its World Trade Organization (WTO) membership as well as its membership in NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association). The paper specifically looks at the influence that the WTO has had on Mexico relative to its economic and structural development. The paper includes a discussion on which of the sources that were used were the most important.
From the Paper
"Mexico, despite its reputation as a poor country to some degree, maintains a thriving economy and has a population of approximately 107m individuals dispersed across a land mass of nearly three times the size of the state of Texas in the US ("Mexico"). While Mexico has experienced difficulties at times regarding its economic management vis-a-vis the Mexican Peso, it holds much promise as a developing nation because of its population and resources relative to labor efficiencies if it can manage to work some of its advantages as a developing market within the WTO structure (Conway). Unless it can reap certain protections or advantages through the WTO, its very membership in the WTO may essentially be responsible for a severe contraction in its economy because its economy is still dependent on its earlier advantages in cheap labor."
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NAFTA, 2007.
This paper discusses NAFTA and protectionism.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as U.S. deficits accelerate, advocates of protectionism use the data to fuel emotional support for their fight against free trade agreements such as NAFTA. But, the writer points out that to determine whether or not a trade policy is good or bad involves more than just exploring trade balances. The writer maintains that a more complex analysis that considers factors such as economic growth, foreign investment and the benefits of market specialization reveal that free trade has a net positive impact. NAFTA is no exception. With regards to the growing trade deficit, the writer notes that NAFTA simply accelerated the inevitable as the U.S. is forced to compete in an increasingly global marketplace. The writer concludes that therefore, the U.S. should continue to promote free trading by seeking out the signing of agreements such as NAFTA.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Increasing trade has been a success, but it is true that beneficiaries have been Mexico and Canada, not the U.S. In the first ten years of NAFTA, trade among the three countries more than doubled, from $306 billion to $621 billion in 2003 (USTR on NAFTA's tenth anniversary). During the same time, U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico grew from $142 billion to $263 billion. However, Mexican and Canadian exports to the U.S. have grown even faster, leaving a huge U.S. trade deficit with these countries. Before NAFTA, the U.S. maintained a modest trade surplus with Mexico. Now, the U.S. has a huge trade deficit with Mexico as Mexican exports to the U.S. grew 242% during the decade of NAFTA execution (USTR on NAFTA's tenth anniversary). And, the U.S. trade deficit with Canada has increased fivefold."
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