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The Muslim Woman, 2006.
This paper analyzes the culture of Islam, its effect on women and the recent emergence of various women's organizations that deal with specific issues relevant to Muslim women.
1,712 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the various Muslim cultures and their attitudes towards women. Women in Afghanistan suffer from human rights abuses, females are not allowed to work, they receive no education and are often denied health care services. This paper discusses the numerous Muslim women's organizations that have emerged around the world. These organizations have active women participants and deal specifically with issues of relevance to women. Many Muslim women are critical of the ideals of equality formulated in the western world, and question the values of sexual equality. The writer of this paper also delves into the use of the veil which is the hallmark of Islamist women worldwide. Once seen as a symbol of oppression and backwardness in the discourse of colonial domination, the veil was given up by most upper class and middle-class Muslim women in the early part of the 20th century. However, it has recently made a global comeback with the Islamic revival. Islamist discourse portrays a contradictory attitude towards gender. There are still Islamic condoned practices and institutions, which gender activists find difficult to explain and reinterpret. For example, even the most committed gender activists have difficulties in explaining the issue of polygamy.
From the Paper
"Many Muslim women are critical of the ideals of equality formulated in the Western liberation paradigms. They ask whether 'sexual equality' is a good thing after all. Islamist women seem to have opted for complementarity of the sexes and strictly defined gender roles. Many non-Islamist women feel the Islamist 'return to Islam' to be regressive and backward. These non-Islamist women have internalized the popular media image of 'fundamentalism' as being fanatical, irrational, anti-modem and misogynistic. So, is Islamism always opposed to women's rights and autonomy? Does it deny women educational and employment opportunities? Have the movements succeeded in making their 'ideal Muslim woman' (the home-making, self-sacrificing mother and wife) a reality?"
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Muslim and American Women, 2005.
A comparison of the roles of Muslim and American women in their respective social structures.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the Islamic religion influences the function and role of Muslim women in Islamic society and then compares their status in society to the status of American women in American society. The author of the paper contends that Muslim women are shaped and influenced by their religion, while American women are influenced by society and compares the advantages and disadvantages for women in both societies.
From the Paper
"Muslim women are assigned their role in the society by the religion they follow i.e. Islam. Islam is a complete code of life that offers very clear instructions on role and treatment of women in the society and regardless of what anyone thinks or sees, Islam does not condone subjugation of women in any form. Islam places great emphasis on the unity of men and women and calls for extremely dignified treatment towards the womankind. Islam, being a protector of humanity has placed women on one of the highest pedestals commanding men to pay respect to women at all levels and in all forms."
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Muslim Women, 2002.
An essay on the role and misleading preception of women in the Muslim religion.
2,417 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the scope of a Muslim woman?s authority and power within the private sphere, drawing significantly from the primary historical account of Emily Ruete. The first part of the paper examines Muslim laws and beliefs regarding marriage, including the issues of age and consent. In the second part, the paper looks at the similarities and differences between Muslim and Christian wedding rites. In the third part, the paper examines the rights, duties and roles of married Muslim women, both during the 19th century as revealed in Ruete?s memoirs and compares these duties with Muslim women today.
From the Paper
"Islamic literature has a rich tradition of poetry inspired by themes of love. However, in the 19th century and in many parts of the Middle East today, the idea of marriage as ?the union of two people in love is still the exception rather than the rule.? Critics point to the wedding arrangement as an indication that Muslim women are viewed as property. However, Ruete notes that such arrangements happened in Europe as well. Debt-ridden families, for example, married their daughters off to wealthy suitors or to creditors."
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Traditional Muslim and Jewish Women, 2004.
This paper discusses the role of women in traditional Muslim and Jewish cultures.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are many similarities in the roles of traditional Muslim and Jewish women because both groups of women have their roots in strongly patriarchal societies in which social interaction is dominated by males, but there is a distinct difference between them in terms of cultural and political factors. The author points out that politics and religious fundamentalism play an important role in determining the role of women in Muslim countries. The paper stresses that, throughout the world, there has been a drive towards implementing equality for women, especially in Third World countries where male-dominated cultural systems remain central to the problems facing women today.
From the Paper
"However, one must be mindful not to overly simplify the clarification of this cultural norm and paint a stereotypical picture that might be at variance with the truth. Some scholars and commentators would disagree that the above image of discrimination against Muslim women is always generally true. They state that the situation is complex, the degree of discrimination varies between different countries, and that it is determined by a vast array of different factors."
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Muslim and Jewish Women, 2005.
This paper compares the position, from a feminist point of view, of traditional Muslim and Orthodox Jewish women in their communities.
2,585 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the position of Muslim women are defined by their genitalia, not by their faith; Jewish women are seen as holier beings because they are created more in the essence of God than men. The author points out that, in the Orthodox Jewish and conservative Muslim faith communities, the role of the woman is that of an enabler---to please and submit to her husband and to do whatever it is that men want. The paper states that Orthodox Jewish women and Muslim women are not allowed direct participation, like men, at their place of formal worship and are restricted in the manner in which they may dress in public.
From the Paper
"Divorce is not a too uncommon happening in Muslim society. Divorce taken by a man is called Talaq, and it is the most common form of separation. The most common type of divorce by a Muslim man is a single repudiation after waiting for 3 to 4 months to make sure that his wife is not pregnant. The most uncommon and rarely practiced form of divorce is three successful repudiations in three months. "The triple repudiation, which is the utterance of the talaq three times in succession without the three-month waiting period, is technically legal." Unlike Orthodox Jewish women, Muslim women can initiate a divorce. Divorce initiated by the wife is called khul', and even though it is technically possible, this form of divorce has not been used as often as the divorce of the male. Khul' has not been used as often as talaq because more often than not, women haven't been informed of the possibility."
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Muslim Woman, 2003.
A look at the societal roles of women in Islam as prescribed by the Koran.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, throughout the Koran, women are described as equal to men in most ways, including spiritually, educationally, and socially. In fact, the Muslim woman was at times placed above her male counterpart because of her status as mother and wife. It discusses how, unfortunately, over time, the intentions of the Koran gave way to varying interpretations of the role of the Muslim woman. and society rarely reflected the moral precepts set in the book of worship.
From the Paper
"Spiritually, women and men are treated with utmost equality in the scriptures of the Koran. Even creation is described as an equitable process. From the Koran, chapter seven, verse 189, ?He (God) it is who did create you from a single soul and therefrom did create its mate, that he might dwell with her (in love).? From this verse, we can interpret the sameness of human origin, that is, that no entity supercedes another. We can also interpret Allah?s desire to have His followers experience love through his wisdom. According to this passage, men and women were supposed to love one another equally. This obviously differs from the Judeo-Christian take on creation in that both man and woman were made from one soul, and neither is more perfect or whole than the other."
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Middle East: Civil Liberties & Women's Rights, 2004.
An opinion paper negating 'myths' about the way Muslim women are treated in Islamic society.
1,688 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the images that Americans saw of bias and brutal cruelty towards females in Afghanistan, perpetrated by the Taliban, which have become a regrettable stereotype attached to all Muslim women in all Muslim nations by some in the Western media. This paper argues that those images are simply not accurate and explains that women are seeking and receiving a growing degree of fairness in civil rights. The paper brings to light the facts about women in today's Muslim communities in the Middle East.
From the Paper
"While addressing the truths about women's rights in Muslim nations, it is first perhaps helpful to address some of the myths, and remove them from the table before one sits down to partake of the food of facts. In her article, "Distorted Image of Muslim Women", Sister Naasira bint Ellison points out that Americans for the most part don't understand divorce in Islam; Muslim myth #1 has been perpetrated that a man can divorce his wife by simply uttering "I divorce you" three times. "The truth of the matter is that Islam has the most humane and most just system of divorce that exists," she writes. Yes, the man says, "I divorce you," but that is followed by a waiting period that lasts through 3 menstrual cycles, to be sure the wife is not pregnant, and to give the couple ample time to reconsider their decision, according to Sister Naasir. And if she is indeed pregnant, the man provides all her needs for her throughout her pregnancy, as he did before. And until the child is weaned, the ex-husband cares for both child and mother; after weaning, the man is obligated to provide for the child until he or she is no longer in need of support."
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Women in Development, 2005.
This paper discusses the emergence of Muslim women who support wearing a veil and globalization's effect on gender.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper consists of two separate, if connected, four page treatments of the effects of globalization on gender and the role of women in development. The first essay examines the re-veiling process that is occurring in Cairo as Muslim women there are beginning to put back on their veils in order to safeguard traditional rights in the face of modernization. The second essay discusses the ways in which globalization has gendered the world economy by creating a demand for wage workers in positions traditionally reserved for women.
From the Paper
"What approach (GAD or WCD) would apply better to Homa Hoodfar's analysis of the veil in Egypt? In other words, what approach do you think is implicitly informing Hoodfar's analysis of the veil? Homa Hoodfar makes an insightful analysis of the ideological construction of the veil in Egyptian society. However, that analysis itself is informed by critical ideology. Hoodfar can no more easily sever herself from academic ideology than the veiled women in Egypt can from the culture that fosters the use of the veil. Though she does not specifically state her argument in terms of a theoretical stance, it is apparent from Hoodfar's work that she is certainly informed by the Women, Culture, and Development (WCD) approach."
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Roles of Women: West vs. Islam, 2005.
Compares the roles of women in the Middle East to those of women in western culture, arguing that Muslim women are misunderstood in the west.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
Women have always had to battle views that they are not significant members of society and should stay at home. In some cases, women have taken great strides forward towards equality and status. Oftentimes, however, women lose these battles and become inferior again. The position of women in Islamic society is a complex and frequently misunderstood issue. This paper argues that it is certainly true that Muslim and Western views of the role of women show sharp cultural differences, but the stereotype of Muslim women as uneducated, with no rights and with no opportunities is a caricature born of ignorance or malevolence.
From the Paper
"The Muslim woman does not feel the pressures to be beautiful or attractive, which is so apparent in the Western cultures. She does not have to live up to expectations of what is desirable and what is not. Superficial beauty is not the Muslim woman's concern; her main goal is inner spiritual beauty. She does not have to use her body and charms to get recognition or acceptance in society. It is very different from the cruel methods that other societies subject women, in that their worth is always judged by their physical appearance. There are numerous examples of discrimination at the workplace where women are either accepted or rejected, because of their attractiveness and sex appeal. (MWL)".
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The Effect of Islamic Cultural Beliefs about Women on Nursing, 1994.
This paper discusses the historical value system and cultural beliefs shaping roles of Muslim women and the problems it creates in health care in U.S. under the adaptation model of nursing.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"While the United States has long been considered to be a nation of immigrants, the bulk of the newcomers during most of the nation's history were from the various European cultures with which their predecessors also identified. Beginning in the 1960s, however, the proportion of Europeans among immigrants to the United States has steadily decreased. Thus, an ever increasing number of ethnic communities have developed and continue to develop in this country ... "
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Quranic Ideas of Women and Benighted Men, 2008.
This paper discusses the Qur'anic ideas of the relationship between women and men as opposed to the fundamentalist Muslim restraint of women.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the tendency to view Islam as intrinsically constraining women owes a great deal to fundamentalist movements that rest on interpretations of the Qur'an that do not hold up to scrutiny. The author points out that these fundamentalist overlook the Islamic project of building the Ummah, which the Prophet meant for women and their status vis-a-vis men. The paper relates that the Qur'an states what men must do to support and protect women and to give them liberty. The author stresses that effort must be devoted to encouraging re-education of Muslim males to understand that their attitudes and practices expecting female subservience and confinement to the domestic sphere are not signs of Muslim adherence and respectability. The paper states that the same poles of mysticism versus fundamentalism in the treatment of women may be said for fundamentalist Christianity in Western countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Islam, Women and Environment
The Qur'an
Strengthening Men's Obligations
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Again and again, one sees efforts to clarify what the Qur'an does say concerning the sexes and women's status. Fundamentalist Muslim males do violate what was intended. For instance, Allah is said to hold women in the same position of men, rules working both for and against them, according to conduct. (2:228) Women are not to be passed from one household to another against their will, are not to be treated harshly and deserve kindness and equity. (4:19) Both men and women are to display their obedience to Allah, the righteous woman one who makes this adherence plain, as does the righteous man. (4:34) The Qur'an stresses how Allah created men and women to live in a complementary peace and tranquility. (30:21)"
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Middle Eastern Paradigms, 2008.
A look at established paradigms of women in the Middle East, including more recent research from a female anthropological viewpoint.
5,480 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses women in the Middle East and looks at both the economic and liberal paradigms of Muslim women from the perspectives of authors, scholars and journalists. The paper also notes that in the past Muslim women have been stereotyped as having had little if anything to do with the economic side of life for their families. Authors referenced in this paper point out that part of that erroneous reporting is due to the fact that previously only male anthropologists have conducted field work on Muslim women and their roles in the home and community. The author explains that now there is a more accurate picture to be presented available due to female anthropological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women II
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women II
From the Paper
"Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I: Anne M. Jennings writes in Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy (Jennings, 45) that there are old stereotypes about Muslim women and their participation in the family economic dynamics, and she believes research is needed in this area. For example, she explains that "thousands" of women earn money outside the home; this fact has been kept hidden largely because of the stereotype that the religion of Islam forbids women to be wage earners outside the home.
"Several reasons exist as to why the facts of female economics in Muslim countries have been unreported. One reason for this, Jennings writes, is that women often work in the "informal sector" - also called the "invisible economy" - and that money is rarely reported to agencies that collect taxes, for obvious reasons. Another reason for the seeming secrecy of women working outside the home is that Muslim males tend to deny that their wives are working, for reasons that are undisclosed by Jennings, but one can easily speculate that Muslim men may not wish to admit that their earnings are not sufficient to provide the family with adequate financial support."
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The Veil, 2005.
An explanation of the dress code of Muslim women.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper, written in the form of a letter, addresses the topic of the controversial veil the Muslim female is required to wear. The author explains, form a personal point of view, the veil and its value to Muslim women. The paper contends that the veil is a true expression of the women's expression and freedom of choice.
From the Paper
"In essence, the hijab means different things to different women. Many find the veil a sacred right, an honor to wear, while others have rejected it completely. Some women are under the impression that in order to embrace the modern feminist movement, one must remove the veil as it represents too much tradition or takes away from freedom. I believe this to not be the case. For the modern Islamic woman, there are many choices. The hijab represents her religious choice to share that side of herself with the public. In no way, does it underscore her ability to express herself. In many ways, it exhibits her power. By wearing a veil, the woman is telling the world what she values and this makes her more powerful than the Western women, naked and exposed to the world."
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The Hijab: The Veil that Shrouds Islam, 2001.
An ethical exploration of the injustices faced by Muslim women.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Islam and the injustices that Muslim women face in their religion. The author discusses injustices in terms of dress, cultural freedom, including genital mutilation. The paper explores whether the Muslim religion is really at fault or if it is a matter of sociological perception. The paper also looks at whether Muslim men regard their treatment of women as unethical or a norm in their society.
From the Paper
"Education is the key. As purveyors of the belief that education raises the standards of living, we are the key. If we are to prove that we still have an ounce of moral fiber in our bodies, we must assume this responsibility. Go forth, learn Islam. Learn the Muslim way of life. Let them not reside in our minds as statistics of historical tragedies. Then, maybe then, will the answers come to us. In dreams. In the horrors of dreams. The dream lingers on. In my dream, the women of Islam continue to speak softly. They speak words of wisdom, confessions of hurt and pleas for help. I delve into my soul and feel the tears gush forth. I reach out my hand to the billowing veils only to find a void. Nothingness. It blankets me. And then, I understand. For the first time, I understand. Souls of compassion inevitably strip off the hijabs and the burqas. One at a time. One step further. We are nearing an unveiled world."
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Jan Goodwin's "Price of Honor", 2008.
This paper discusses Jan Goodwin's book "Price of Honor", which illustrates the oppression of Muslim women.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Jan Goodwin's "Price of Honor" is a conglomeration of interviews from her travels in the Middle East. The author points out that the book highlights the lack of fundamental human rights for women living under Islamic culture not only in developing countries but also throughout the Muslim world. The paper relates individual cases of abuses endured by women in various countries including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran and to a lesser degree the UAE. The author believes that Muslim women who still live in their oppressive countries would benefit most from reading this work. The paper states that the strengths of this book are the strength of the individual stories told by the women of their day-to-day oppressive conditions and the fact that Godwin traveled to multiple Arab countries, which gives the book a great deal of legitimacy.
From the Paper
"Many Islamic countries hold a similar ideology to that of Pakistan's. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not allow women to enter the country unless accompanied by a male, moreover, Saudi Arabia is the only county in the world that does not allow women drive. Iran is another country where women suffer many abuses. A fifty-five year old woman named Fairbah was arrested, and whipped for not having her hair properly covered. It is ironic that the gravest human rights abuses occur in countries that are more theocratic as opposed to secular in nature. Mohammad, the founder of Islam, was among the world's greatest reformers on behalf of woman."
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