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Music and Performing Arts, Renaissance to Today, 2007.
A discussion of music and drama, from the Renaissance era until today.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influence that music and performing arts have had on human culture and society, focusing on the Renaissance period. The paper explains that in the early part of the Renaissance, the role of music was tremendously important as polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall. The paper notes that there is no doubt that the technological impact of recording technologies, beginning with the phonograph and leading up to today's CDs and DVDs, has had an impact upon the individual enjoyment and distribution of music and dramatic art forms (especially film), unprecedented since the invention of the printing press in the Renaissance. In conclusion, the paper shows that today, the Internet has hugely assisted in enabling individuals to share such work among themselves, though not to the point of alleviating the isolating influence of technology or to creating a new form of communal experience.
From the Paper
"In the early part of the Renaissance, the role of religion, that is to say, the church as an organization and social unifying force, was still prominent above all else. Nation-states had not yet arisen to assert their claim on peoples' loyalty. The church represented stability and social cohesion in a world of uncertainty and danger from many sources: feudal overlords, weak central governments, and unpredictable weather and harvests. The role of music was thus tremendously important too in this period. Polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, and generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall."
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"Art and Architecture from Renaissance Milan", 2001.
The paper discusses Evelyn Welch?s illustration of the history of art and architecture during the rule of the two dynasties, the Visconti and Sforza, in her book, "Art and Authority in Renaissance Milan."
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the tensions and arrangements between the city government and the court in Evelyn Welch?s "Art and Authority in Renaissance Milan." Images are used to legitimize the authority of the dukes as well as the details of the multitude of problems that occurred during the constructions of the monumental cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore, the Ospedale Maggiore, and the Castello di Porta Giovia along with the grievances that the artists and architects had with the Milanese court and government.
From the Paper
"In the first chapter, Welch discusses the images that were used to claim authority in Milan. Unlike the King of France, the signori of Milan in the fourteenth and fifteenth-century could not declare their authority as God-given. The Milan rulers, from the first duke (Gian Galeazzo Visconti) to the last (Ludovico Maria Sforza), used various sources of confirmation of their position from distant papal or imperial investitures. But the most effective means of imposing authority over the Milanese citizens and residents of the surrounding countryside was to produce countless images that asserted ducal ownership of buildings, works of art, and people. Some of these images took the form of family arms, portraits, and color codes. Bridges and towers were branded with a coat of arms when absorbed under new dominions. Some signori asserted their authority with equestrian portraits. Images were represented differently in art and literature depending on the audience and the time. Art was used as a collaborator for political control (which was not uncommon). There was a constant transition in leadership. Two dynasties controlled Milan - the Visconti and the Sforza. The Viscontis, native Milanese, were based in the surrounding countryside. The Sforzas, originally mercenary soldiers, were from the Romagna and acquired their rights over Milan through a marriage to the daughter of the last Visconti duke. In art, historical armed conflict was disguised. Successive rulers changed ancestral histories. A leader that became powerful through tyranny was transformed as reverent. But regardless of even great court commissions, the images of authority were only effective if their audiences were predisposed to accept the court?s authority. There was a reciprocal relationship between the art and the audience. "
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The School of Performing Arts at John Paul College, 2005.
A critique of the curriculum and reform processes implemented at this school.
4,525 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reforms implemented at the School of Performing Arts at John Paul College, which attempted to move the school away from a product-based curriculum to a process-based curriculum. The paper explains why these reforms were implemented and talks about why they have not managed to change the performance-based ideology operating at the school and have simply changed the operating context from being performance-based to being technically-based.
From the Paper
"Music is so diverse in Australia that is discussion of learning theorists is most pertinent. The diversity in educational approach is so wide that the notion of a structural focus is very important as there is a clear lack of a homogeneous approach in both the academic and instrumental contexts. At the heart of learning theorists is the focus on these elements. The writers own beliefs in the significance of environmental factors enhance this opinion, particularly when discussing certain categories of learning theorists."
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Performing Arts In School System, 1999.
Argues that dance, music and theater should be in the core curriculum. Examines physical, social, educational and psychological benefits, integrative teaching approaches, cooperation, how it compares with Japan's system and self-expression.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 20 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The performing arts deserve a central role within the school system. The arts are a core academic subject. The discipline, creativity, and feelings of empowerment that students gain from engaging in the performing arts are just as important as their mastery of traditional fields such as literature and science. The performing arts encompass a wide range of artistic expression, with emphasis on experimentation. Examples of performing arts disciplines are music, dancing, drama, choreography, and cinematography. In contemporary educational thought, art is defined both as a body of knowledge and as a developmental activity. Personal development through the performing arts is as important as learning about the arts.
The performing arts are critical in the learning process. Modern educators acknowledge that there is no single method of..."
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Florentine Art During the Renaissance, 2002.
A look at the development of art in Florence, Italy in the age of the Renaissance.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper will seek to understand how art in Florence, Italy was created, and by whom in the age of the Renaissance. By understanding the artist, some of the works that make this period so special, and what Florence was aiming for in the objectives of their art. By understanding all of these elements, we can see how the artist, and the patron brought together a humanistic art to a city built for great achievements.
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Art of Italian Renaissance, 1991.
This paper compares four works of visual art: "Saint John the Baptist" by Donatello & "Moses" by Michelangelo (sculptures); "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci and"The School of Athens" by Raphael (paintings).
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will investigate and describe the similarities and differences in four works of visual art from the Italian Renaissance. The works in question include two sculptures: Saint John the Baptist by Donatello, and Moses by Michelangelo. In addition, two paintings will be discussed: The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, and The School of Athens by Raphael.
The Renaissance period was in direct contrast to the medieval period which preceded it. In the earlier period, the symbols of the Catholic Church were the most important elements to be found in the visual arts. In the Renaissance period, this factor began to give way to a growing sense of humanism. Thus, the typical Renaissance artist held that "man was not so much the humble observer of God's greatness as the proud expression of God himself, his natural heir on earth". This new attitude ... "
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Music, Physiology and Performance, 2004.
A research paper on the relationship between music and human physiology.
5,336 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that temporally, music?s structure has many determining characteristics, which shape affective properties (such as tempo and tonality). Throughout this paper these structural characteristics are explored, accompanied by an exploration of the ability of music to elicit emotions, the link between performance (both visual and manual) and emotions and the relationship between music and physiological response. Conclusions of this review involve general methodological considerations for future research and potential hypotheses to be explored.
From the Paper
"Music is a key element of everyday life; its role within society is divergent, and temporally, music takes on many forms. Such variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilisation, thus permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals, such as birthdays, weddings and funerals. The affective properties of musical stimuli upon behaviour appear as the source of much research throughout psychology with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited, and adapted, from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such apparent impact upon individuals throughout society, the profound effects of music deserve further exploration. This paper shall conduct such an exploration with the primary focus concerning the impact of musical exposure upon affective states, arousal, performance (both visual and manual), and physiological reactions."
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Music and Art of the Late Gothic-Renaissance Period, 1977.
This paper examines the changes that occurred in society and the Church because of, or as a reflection of, changes in music and art during the transitional period between late Gothic and Renaissance Period.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
The purpose of this research is to examine the changes that occurred in society and the Church because of (or as a reflection of) changes in music and art during the transitional period between late Gothic and Renaissance.
Early Renaissance art was the natural outgrowth of the new humanism which was replacing medieval thought. The world changed a great deal in the period between the ousting of the medieval ways and the upsurge of humanism and the ways of the Renaissance. As E. H. Gombrich writes in his The Story of Art, in the middle of the twelfth century, when the Gothic style was first developed, Europe was still mainly a thinly populated continent of peasants with monasteries and barons' castles as the important centers of power and education.
The ambition of the Great Bishops' Sees to have immense ... "
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Guillaume Dufay Music from Medieval and Renaissance Music, 2006.
An examination of Guillaume Dufay's music and its origins.
34 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 6942 sources, MLA, $ 17.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at what Guillaume Dufay's music meant in terms of music history. The author starts with a look at the Gregorian chant from Medieval times which was the main form of sacred music, how it developed and what it gave to modern music. The paper continues with a look at the other forms of music that have developed over the years and contributed to the work of Guillaume Dufay. In particular the author highlights the development of church music in the Renaissance period which, as he points out was the basis for Dufay's music compositions. The author discusses the life and works of Dufay's music as a move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure. The author believes that this helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments in music of the following century. In conclusion the author reminds us that we are lucky to have the musical pieces that have been curated and restored. A number of Dufay's as well as other composers from that era had masterpieces destroyed because of the political climate.
Outline:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Gregorian Chant
Motet
Troubadour Influence
The Development of Musical Notation
Polyphony
Machaut
Guillaume Dufay a Biography
Dufay's Music
Dufay and Faux-bourdon
Dufay's Motets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dufay began composing at a time when musical style was in a period of relative stability and changing that style was not readily accepted. Dufay cannot be thought of as one of the great revolutionaries in Western music; the term 'originality' in the classic sense of the word was not familiar to him. This is not to say, however, that Dufay was in any way lacking of originality or he was in any way reactionary. Quite to the contrary, he played an integral role in the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass. He was one of the first composers to handle four-voice texture with any kind of convincing skill before the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, his attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay's works and compositions have come to be known as the supremely polished works of a long period of slow and serene stylistic change."
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Early Renaissance Art History, 2004.
An examination of three ways in which art changed during the Renaissance period, with an analysis of some specific works.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are three highly significant ways in which Renaissance art can be considered a turning point for the visual arts. It shows how, first, a series of technical advances took place from the late 13th century to the early 15th century, notably a new feeling for the solidity of bodies, for the dramatic possibilities of design and composition, and the development of scientific perspective. Second, the writer explains that there is a rising interest in the classical civilizations, most importantly ancient Rome, leading to a concern to imitate classical architecture, sculpture, and as far as possible, painting. Finally, paralleling the development of new humanism in learning and scholarship, the writer points out that a change in the content of works of art can be discerned, as ideas from philosophy and literature influence both the choice of subject and the way in which it is handled.
From the Paper
"A new individuality of style and of genre can be seen in much of the work of this period, with a breaking down of the categories of religious and devotional painting that had characterized the 14th and earlier 15th centuries. The work of Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449-94) has been described as only ?nominally religious?, and is typified by portraits and set pieces cast in the form of religious works but with more naturalistic and humanistic dimensions than in the devotional pictures of the previous century. His ?Adoration of the Shepherds? of 1485 [fig. 2] shows influences of Flemish painting in the naturalistic portraits of the figures on the right, while the careful detailing of the ancient Roman sarcophagus being used as the manger demonstrates his concern with the antique and the classical. At the other end of the spectrum from the painters who strove for realism in art was Sandro Botticelli. In Botticelli?s work the quest for linear harmony that had begun with Donatello reaches a climax in such non-naturalistic exercises in contour, movement and symbolism as ?Primavera, the Allegory of Spring? (c.1482)."
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The Harlem Renaissance and "Negro Art", 2008.
This paper explores the concept of "Negro Art" from the Harlem Renaissance period by analyzing the philosophies of two of that movement's central leaders.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the philosophies of three leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance--Langston Hughes, George Schuyler and W.E.B. DuBois. The paper describes Langston Hughes' "The Negro and the Racial Mountain" in which he attempts to prove that the desire to not be associated with a specific ethnic class is tantamount to racial self-hatred. The author then explains that George Schuyler in his "The Negro Art Hokum" argues that African-American artists are not some sort of unified bloc and that the imposition of subject matter and style is belittling and racist. Next, the author of the paper applies the conclusions of Hughes and Schuyler to two paintings by Beauford Delaney, a prominent painter of the Harlem Renaissance. The paper concludes that the fairest and most logical approach to the study of "Negro Art" lies somewhere between Langston Hughes and George Schuyler.
From the Paper
"Another of Delaney's works that highlights the necessity of forming a compromise between Hughes' and Schuyler's contrasting theories on art is his famous pastel drawing of James Baldwin, the American writer and novelist. Although the two were close friends, Delaney does not attempt to transmit, through his strokes, a sense of his love of and appreciation for Baldwin. Had he wanted to do that, he surely would have created a different portrait than the eerie, anxiety-riddled, and yellow-hued portrait that he actually made."
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Renaissance Art, 2005.
An examination of three works of art from the Renaissance era, which contemplate the relationship of God to humanity.
754 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a study of 3 paintings: Sandro Bottecelli's "The Birth of Venus," Jan Van Eyck's "Arnolfini Wedding," and El Greco's "The Spoliation, Christ Stripped of His Garments." It examines how the proper and appropriate relationship of humanity to God and the spiritual realm was one of the most vexing questions of the Renaissance era and how these paintings reflect these ideas.
From the Paper
"The style of Bottecelli's "Birth of Venus" is essentially idealistic regarding the human form showing a Venus rising from the half-shell, with a gauzy web of hair around her. (Webart, 2004) Van Eyck shows a contrasting ordinary couple, filled with the physical accoutrements of marriage around them. Some have seen Van Eyck's work as a parody of middle class aspirations, but it can also be seen as a tribute to the couple, much as "Venus" is a tribute to the personal fascination of the Medici Family with Neo Platonism as a philosophy in art."
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Academic Achievement and Arts Performance, 2004.
A look at the effects of exposing students to arts education and training.
4,416 words (approx. 17.7 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the various aspects of music and arts participation and how exposure to and training in arts programs stimulates mental and intellectual abilities from the earliest years through high school. It also explores how arts education contributes to the overall enhancement of educational curriculum. Through a literature review, it examines three specific frameworks: physiological brain development; spatial and cognitive reasoning abilities; and improved academic performance based on participation in music and other arts programs. It also looks at scholastic performance enhancement through arts integration.
Outline
Literature Review
Physiological Brain Development
Cognitive and Spatial Reasoning Abilities
Improved Scholastic Performance
Scholastic Performance Enhancement
Methodology
From the Paper
"In other studies, Nisbet (1991) has pointed out that there is a close relationship between the musical symbolism used in arranging the time signature of a musical piece and the mathematical concepts used in fractional concepts. Numerous studies have focused on the relationship between formal training in a musical instrument and youths' achievement level. According to Wenger and Wenger (1990), neuroscientists suspect that when children exercise cortical neurons by being actively involved in music, they are engaging in activity which enhances their intelligence, specifically their mathematics capability, spatial reasoning skills, and the ability to handle complex reasoning tasks. In fact, Rayl (1995) and Martin (1995) have reported that adolescents with formal training in music tend to have higher achievement in mathematics."
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Renaissance Art, 2004.
This paper discusses Renaissance art, specifically "The Judgment of Paris" by Lucas Cranach the Elder and "The Death of the Virgin" by Caravaggio.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both paintings represent a distinct style of Renaissance art, but each is from a different period and illustrates the differences that can occur during the same artistic period and the commonalities that hold the period together. The author points out that Cranach's work added much to the German Renaissance. He was the first painter to create full-sized portraits, rather than just portraying the head and shoulders, and the first to create erotic nudes, which were quite popular with private collectors. The paper relates that the many commonalities in these paintings, even though they represent different times in Renaissance artwork, are the use of great detail and the effects of lighting.
From the Paper
"The first painting, "The Judgment of Paris," is tempera and oil on wood. It measures 40-1/2 by 28 inches, and the artist, Lucas Cranach the Elder, painted it sometime around 1528. Cranach was a German painter who lived from 1472 to 1553, and painted in the Northern or German Renaissance style. This painting is executed in the natural style, blending the figures in the foreground with the surrounding landscape. The detailed landscape behind the figures is as well executed as the figures, with detail that draws the eye from the figures to the background and back again. The background even contains a medieval palace on the edge of a soaring cliff, along with a medieval village off in the far valley, with a sailing ship floating peacefully at the village's waterfront."
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Early Renaissance Art, 2007.
An analysis of early Renaissance art, in the form of a statue of Athena and the sculpture of "David."
1,886 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses early Renaissance art. It focuses on sculptures that were commissioned for various reasons. The paper describes these works of art - their inspiration and properties and the purpose of their commissions. It particularly focuses on a statue of Pallas Athena, the ancient goddess of wisdom and the protector of the city of Athens and the sculpture of "David."
From the Paper
"The only possible objection might be the church that might resist the image of a nude female form from mythology standing proud before the city. Yet the Medicis wished that their power, over the authority of the Church and the technical legal status of Florence as a republic would reign supreme. They were making a new republic of wisdom that was in reality not a democracy at all, just like "David," for all of the gestures made to Biblical times in its name and in the statue's slingshot, really strikes the viewer as more of a celebration of Man and the artistry of the sculptor than the divine. The sculpture would pay homage to the right ideology on the surface, but an even deeper message of raw power would be expressed by the image of stone and metal."
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