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Multicultural Education as an Academic Discipline, 2008.
An analysis of the inherent conflict always present between democracy and diversity and the need for multicultural education in schools.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of teaching multicultural education as an academic discipline. The paper discusses the inherent conflict always present between democracy and diversity and how this is present in the United States. It suggests that American students are not aware of the problems and that multicultural education therefore must be taught from a young age.
From the Paper
"An example might be an activity like that described by Callazos, Guerrero and Pino in Knowledge Construction Awareness. In the activity students must work cooperatively to find their way out of a labyrinth. (Collazos, et. al.) Knowledge Construction Awareness Success is based on developing blind trust and working cooperatively. In this convergent activity students must trust. The common experience of playing the game together can lead to trust - as a first step toward accepting diversity.
"This activity is also an example of Progressive and Constructionist pedagogy. Curricular 'Constructionists' seek to have students construct their own knowledge based on experience, rather than by 'telling' students what they should know or believe."
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Multicultural Education, 2007.
An analysis of the ways that multicultural education has been integrated into the school curriculum in the US and how these techniques have worked.
2,288 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that multicultural education has had significant positive effects on the educational system in the United States. The paper provides an overview of multicultural education. It then examines various ways that multicultural education has been integrated into various parts of the school curriculum and reflects on how these techniques have worked. The paper then examines case studies showing successful application of multicultural education and gives suggestions on how multicultural education can be further integrated towards a successful education for all of America's children.
Table of Contents:
Multicultural Education
Multiculturalism in the Classroom
Continuing Challenges
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Multicultural education can take on a different level in the college setting, wherein the learning communities provide a safe space for interaction between different students. These interactions can give students chances to disagree and voice their diverse opinions, and give students chances to learn from one another in creative and meaningful ways. For example, a writing teacher reported great success in an exercise where students were asked to write and share regarding the origins of their names and the resulting perceptions that such names engendered. In an Art Lab class, students wrote and shared about their personal experiences with various art forms like music and dance. Such interactions helped the students connect with one another on both aesthetic and emotional levels (Yamane 2001)."
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What is Multicultural Education?, 2007.
The paper explores the challenge of defining multicultural education.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that there are many complex issues that have to be taken into account in order to attempt a definition of multicultural education. The paper points out that multicultural education intersects by necessity with many other controversial issues, such as integration as well as social structure and transformation. The paper highlights the opposing views on what is multicultural education and discusses foundation points that almost all educationists and role players agree on. The paper concludes that if educationists are united in the meaning of multicultural education, there is a better chance of overcoming the challenge of defining multicultural education.
From the Paper
"Studies also show that educationists and teachers often differ in their views and definitions on this subject. "It is rare that any two classroom teachers or education scholars will have the same definition for multicultural education. As with any dialogue on education, individuals tend to mold concepts to fit their particular focus." (Multicultural Education) This view points out that due to its changing and transformational character, and the various factors and implications that it carries with it, there is no one easy and universally acceptable definition of the term multicultural education."
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Multicultural Education: James A. Banks, 2001.
A review of James A Banks' ideas on multicultural education.
1,484 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
Opponents of multicultural education today often have many misconceptions. This paper examines how James A. Banks addresses many of these concerns, mostly affecting teachers and others influencing education. It looks at how he states that many think that multicultural education is especially for the victimized minority groups and how he also focuses on the idea that multicultural education is opposed to western tradition. The paper also discusses how he deals with the concern that multicultural education will divide the nation and how he addresses concerns teachers have in employing a multicultural curriculum.
From the Paper
"The second type of knowledge is popular knowledge. These are values and knowledge that are enforced by the mass media and popular culture. Banks borrows a term from Carlos Cortes in describing this, and names it the "societal curriculum" (2000, p. 113). This includes movies and television, which studies have proven to be very influential in childhood. The American Psychological Association recently studied the effect of television on children's behavior. The link between behavior and television occurs in the same ratio as smoking does to cancer. (Garbarino, 2001, p. 58) This alarming rate shows the immense influence that watching television has on students."
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Teacher Attitudes and Multicultural Education, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of teacher attitudes toward multicultural education on student achievement.
4,803 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews an extensive amount of literature regarding the achievement of culturally diverse students and the impact on this achievement of the attitudes of teachers toward these students, or specifically, the expectations that teachers hold in relation to the achievement potential of these students. The paper further looks at how failure to properly educate and prepare teachers for the multicultural education classroom leaves too many unanswered questions in the instructional provision relating to attitudes based on myth or falsehoods, misconceptions or misrepresentations. Additionally, the paper contends that it is critical that teachers be effectively educated with regard to their attitude prior to their entry into the multicultural classroom.
Outline:
Objective
Multicultural Education Defined
Cultural Differences and the Construction of Meaning
Overview of Current State of Affairs
Identified Barriers to Student Achievement
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research conducted by Padilla and Lindholm has purported three: "major identifiable assumptions" relating to the education of ethnic minorities identified as follows: (1) The white middle-class American is the standard used for comparison of other groups to (typically this is the male); (2) Instruments used for assessment of differences are universally applicable "across groups, with perhaps only minimal adjustments for culturally diverse populations; and (3) Although a need exists for recognition of the sources of potential variance such as social class, educational attainment, gender, cultural orientation, and proficiency in English, these are nuisances that can later be discarded (1995, p. 97)." (McCue, nd) "
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Multicultural Education in Today's Classrooms, 2002.
Emphasizes the importance of multicultural education in America's classrooms today.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The following paper presents information and statistics encouraging the use of multicultural education in classrooms. The United States has always been very diverse, but its diversity is growing more and more with each passing year. The paper first presents the numbers and statistics associated with this growing diversity as compared to the numbers in the past. Secondly, the paper points out some documented cases promoting the benefits of using multicultural education in classrooms. And lastly it presents some ideas and recommendations, which can be used by educators to implement into their curricula.
From the Paper
"The first example of cultural differentiation was perhaps one major basis for why the United States was formed. A group of people sailed away from the culture and religion they once knew, and ventured out to a new land, to seek the freedom they longed for. And now as our country grows more culturally diverse it is essential that students be taught to accommodate with our ever-changing cultural landscape. Today, with more than one-fourth of the U.S. population is enrolled in school; the student population is quite diverse. One-fourth of the population accounts for about 72 million people, which were in school throughout the United States in October 1999. Eight million were enrolled in nursery school and kindergarten, 33 million in elementary school, 16 million in high school, and 15 million in college. Among children enrolled in kindergarten, the majority were White non-Hispanics (60 percent), followed by Blacks (16 percent), and Hispanics (17 percent). Asians and Pacific Islanders accounted for 5 percent of children enrolled in kindergarten. (1) The numbers accounting for children enrolled in elementary school are the highest, which is why it is essential that multicultural education be introduced at a very young age. The Institute of International Education estimates that there are 450,000 international students in the United States, and most of these students come from Asian and Latin American countries. (2) The presence of multiculturalism in American education is indisputable, but it is still a minority movement. Many skeptics feel that by integrating diversity into the American education system, it would be impoverishing the ?White European? cultural model, thus doing away with the classics of art and literature, and depriving the students of essential knowledge. However, others have argued for the benefits of multicultural education as an active approach to learning, which encourages the learner to create his or her own knowledge. (3) As teachers prepare for the many educational challenges of the next century, it is essential that they learn how to build bridges between students' home cultures and the cultures of their school environment. These bridges are essential for student academic success, and without them, a serious disservice is done to both students and the larger society in every day life that will ultimately benefit from the development of their special talents. (4) Therefore, because our society has become so diverse, more teachers should implement multicultural education into their classrooms."
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Multicultural Education in the Early Years, 2002.
This paper examines the importance of multicultural education for the development of language skills in the early years of education.
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of multiculturalism and its connection to teaching students for whom English is a second language. It examines two main schools of thought. One believes that although schools should recognize the diversity of cultures in our midst, the primary goal of education should be to teach all children to speak English fluently, as soon as possible, and to make sure they are solidly grounded in mainstream American culture. An alternate view is that instructional approaches should support the development of the primary language and understanding of the primary culture rather than acculturation to mainstream culture.
From the Paper
"Over the past few decades, the United States has become a country of markedly more diverse subcultures than ever before. At the same time, educators have grown in their understanding and appreciation of the richness that diversity can bring to the educational environment. In spite of this, little research has gone into the effects of language instruction on the cultural development and understanding of students for whom English is a second language. The value of multicultural education is recognized at all levels of education in our country. Recognition of cultural differences as an enriching fact does exist in preschool. However, some educators concerned with the needs of ?second culture? children believe that culture and language cannot be separated, and that cultural diversity that eliminates the child?s primary language is inherently distorting (Phillips & Crowell, 1999a)."
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Multicultural Education, 2002.
This paper describes in detail the education environment and programs for multicultural students in public schools.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how multicultural students in public schools are taught. She explores teaching methods used in multicultural education. The author seeks to understand what it is like for students and teachers to learn and teach in a multicultural environment. She concludes that multicultural learning provides academic and social benefits to students. She explains the factors of race, gender and ethnicity in multicultural learning. Finally, she examines the new multicultural method of involving parent involvement in their child?s schoolwork.
Table of Contents
Teaching Methods
Project Reach
The Multicultural Heroes Project
Multicultural Reading and Thinking (MCRAT)
Multicultural Literacy Program (MLP)
Opinion of these Programs
Students and Teachers in a Multicultural Environment
Race, Gender and Ethnicity in Multicultural Environment
Parent Involvement in Schoolwork
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to these educational benefits, it is noted that these students have higher self-esteem because they understand the value and importance of their own cultures and in doing so they can appreciate other cultures. Students also find these types of interactive curriculum fun and exciting, this encourages school attendance. In addition, students in these programs have an increased desire to socialize with children of other races when they are outside of the classroom.
Multicultural education can be very challenging for teachers because most multicultural curriculums require days of training and hours in preparation just to teach a lesson. Teachers also have to make sure that students are learning the basic curriculum of the school. However, teachers who have implemented these various programs have found that there own perceptions about different ethnic groups had changed. These changes in their own perceptions have allowed them to teach more effectively to all their students. In turn, students are more comfortable with teachers and are more apt to ask questions, which encourage learning."
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Multicultural Education, 2005.
Book report on Gary Howards's book about racism in education, "We Can't Teach What We Don't Know: White Teachers, Multicultural Schools".
1,181 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes Howards's book about racism in public education and then, using examples from the book, demonstrates that Howards's goal is to make educators aware of the existing racist phenomena in schools and teaching centers, as well as help them identify possible means by which such racism can be fought.
From the Paper
"If we are to refer to the author?s own experience, we should start by mentioning perhaps his first cultural conflict, as he relates it. Speaking about identity, he identifies his great grandfather?s farm in Minnesota to be one of the focal points of his cultural heritage. Land represents for Gary Howard, as for many other American families, a place where the roots of the family come together and where a common identity is formed. However, he discovered that the lands that his family presently owns were once in the possession of the Ojibwa tribe and that, unconsciously and indirectly, he was one of the beneficiaries of racial exploitation that has marked America for the last centuries."
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Great Britain's Multicultural Education, 2007.
This paper contends that the British education system is failing in its attempts to educate ethnic minority students.
5,121 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of educational policy within Great Britain and discusses the importance of personal and group identification. The paper examines the differences between language and speech communities, bilingualism within the classroom and the relevant theories involved. The paper discusses a recent British study that looks at the current standards of bilingual education. Finally, the paper offers suggestions that, if implemented, would ensure effective cultural education in Great Britain.
Outline:
Introduction
A Historical Perspective
Understanding Ethno-linguistic Complexity
Attitudes of Teachers Concerning Ethno-linguistic Complexity
Ethno-linguistic Vitality, Bilingualism, Speech Communities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Great Britain has experienced a long history of immigration, which began in the early 1950s, and which still continues. During the 1950s, a tremendous influx of immigrants from varied countries came to settle in the large industrialized areas throughout Britain due to employment opportunities. At this time, these people tended to be refugees from East Africa, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia, along with labour migrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and from former British colonies such as East and South Asia and the Caribbean (Martin-Jones, 1988)."
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The Debate Over Multicultural Education in America, 1999.
A presentation and evaluation of the different arguments on how to educate today's children.
3,080 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the notion of multiculturalism in the United States. America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. Therefore, a wide debate has begun over how to educate today's children. The paper presents different arguments, including teaching all children about all cultures, only their native culture, or only the present culture they live in. Pros and cons of these and several other possibilities are presented as well as compared. Methods of education are also discussed, such as how to go about teaching multiculturalism, and the benefits it offers teachers, students, parents, etc.
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Multicultural Education, 2007.
This paper discusses the growing ethnic diversity of the US and its impact on the curriculum of American schools.
2,197 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the implications of the demographic shift and increasing cultural and ethnic diversity in American schools. The paper explores content-oriented programs and inclusive teaching. The paper looks at the Metropolitan Report that shows how students are interested in learning more about other people and other cultures. The paper asserts that to survive as one nation, the educational demands of the growing diverse population need to be met.
Outline:
The RAND Report
Content-Oriented Programs
Inclusive Teaching
The Metropolitan Report
From the Paper
"Commentators on the RAND report outlined the resulting trends and repercussions. For one, local populations that become ethnically more diverse must exercise care when they redistrict to ensure equal representation for equal numbers of persons and to avoid diluting the voting strength of any "protected" group. Three case studies of California cities illustrate tensions arising because of cultural pluralism. Redistricting efforts in the 1990s heightened tension between the traditional "melting pot" assimilation and the concept of a "mosaic." Society must strike a compromise that expresses the national goals of ethnic and racial empowerment as well as the local interests that arise from the bonds of proximity (Clark i)."
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Multiculturalism and Education, 2007.
A discussion on how teachers can promote a multicultural perspective in their teaching.
1,099 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how stereotypes and myths about various ethnic groups often begin in early childhood, and therefore the early childhood educator stands at a particularly potent place in a child's development. The paper explores how multicultural perspectives extend beyond ethnicity and culture, and also includes gender and disabilities. The paper concludes that curriculum changes will eventually reflect a multicultural perspective, through a reexamination of textbook material and standardized tests. Until then, teachers can do a lot to promote multiculturalism in their classrooms.
From the Paper
"Once teachers are in the classroom they can work to actively change the educational paradigm toward one governed by a multicultural perspective. There are many ways educators can teach with a multicultural perspective, and the methods will vary greatly depending on the demographics of the school, the subject specialties of the teacher, and the individual teaching style. Educators based in culturally diverse or multilingual areas of the country can capitalize on the visible diversity of their region by actively incorporating information about the various ethnicities represented at the school or community."
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Education, Multicultural Diversity and Nationalism, 2002.
A discussion on whether education in Canada provides for multicultural diversity and nationalism.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question of multicultural diversity and nationalism of education in Canada. In Canada, an especially in Toronto, there are many different races and ethnic groups. Each group has its own beliefs, values, traditions, and patterns of behavior. As a result, there is great multicultural diversity in Canada.
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A Review of Multicultural Issues in Deaf Education, 2008.
This paper gives an overview of multicultural issues relating to deaf education in the U.S., identifying relevant issues and citing practical implication of the current research.
4,649 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to identify relevant multicultural issues involved in the education of deaf children in the United States today. A discussion of the practical implications for a deaf education classroom based on the critical review of the literature and application of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Analysis
Background and Overview
Deaf Education in a Multicultural Classroom
Steps to Improve Education in the Deaf Classroom
Conclusions and Implications for Classrooms
From the Paper
"In recent years, as deaf adults began participating in and directing the policymaking deliberations concerning the education of deaf children, these longstanding concepts and erroneous assumptions concerning the needs of deaf students were transformed somewhat, but the process has taken longer and required more effort than anyone might have expected. For instance, in recent years, 'Descriptions of deaf children as disabled persons needing auditory and speech rehabilitation began to fade. In their place, descriptions of deaf people as an ethnolinguistic group arose, where the young need 'bilingual education' using ASL as the medium of instruction, not 'special education' using invented or artificial languages or mechanistic methods. This cultural view of deaf people, existing alongside recent realizations of the multicultural nature of contemporary American life, has given rise to a new deaf education pedagogy, termed bilingual-bicultural (or bi-bi) education' (Flood et al., 2005, p. 313). The introduction of these educational techniques has also introduced yet another misconception concerning the education of deaf children. The implications of these trends on education in an increasingly multicultural deaf classroom are discussed further below."
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