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The Power and Influence of Social Movements, 2006.
A review of social movements with regard to the strength of power and influence of these movements.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses social movements with regards to Andrews, Whittier, and the documentaries providing convincing evidence that the powers of social movements are derived primarily from injustice in society. The paper further discusses how social, economic, or political conditions can no longer be tolerated by an oppressed group of people, social movements often arise, for such movements enable the participants to affect social change. These movements rarely achieve all of their goals because they always generate resistance, but they have often succeeded in attaining many of their goals.
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Transnational Social Movements, 2008.
This paper examines what insight social movement theory provides for the study of transnational social movements.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that what is fundamentally striking about transnational social movements (TSMs) is the extent to which they are able to reach beyond the restrictive confines of the nation state. The writer points out that, due to the ever-increasing opportunities that are afforded by international travel and communication, such as email and the Internet, TSMs have a way of reaching new audiences, organizing them in new collectives and voicing common grievances in new ways. The writer also notes that members of TNMs may not be working class, but they do share the common perception of themselves as small people who are being overlooked by an increasingly powerful group of leaders that are calling the shots from places and spaces in which individual national politics may not exert sufficient influence. The writer concludes that even though theories of social movements might be seen as outdated because of the global context in which movements now operate, this should not gloss over the common features that TNMs do have with social movements before them and with the insights that social movement theories can provide.
Outline:
Introduction
Objectives of Transnational Social Movements
Chief Characteristics of Transnational Social Movements
From Theories of Class to Post-Industrial Society
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Such protests were organized quite deliberately to coincide with and confront the agenda that was being put forward by intergovernmental conferences. Objecting to the global spread of the neo-liberal economic model, protestors were keen to take to task not only the governments of the leading industrialized nations, but also to criticize international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as multinational corporations, which, in the protestors' views, were setting out policies that could not be countered if objections remained local and national-specific.
"Even though the nature of this movement is contested, it would still be possible to note the chief concerns of protestors as being objection to the globalization of a neo-liberal, monetarist economic philosophy. The strength of the protests against this doctrine are related to what its critics in the anti-capitalist movement see as the extreme negativity of its effects."
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Nature of American Protest Movements in the 60s, 1999.
A look at the American protest movements, including civil rights, women's movements, and the anti-war movement, of the 1960s.
1,943 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 61.95
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From the Paper
"The 1960s were a time of social upheaval in American history, a time of protest against established institutions. Several groups perpetuated this upheaval with organized movements. The most widely known and supported were the blacks, women and students. Certainly, the organized movements represented a larger protest of certain sections of society against society's standards and established institutions, though each of the groups manifested this protest with reference to different issues. "
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The Women?s and Civil Rights Movements, 2001.
This paper chronicles the civil and women's rights movements of the United States, taking note of significant events and accomplishments for both fronts, as well as identifying the most influential figures in each of the movements and their contributions.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines both the women's and civil rights movements, including their origins and evolution. Included in the discussion of the civil rights movement are momentus events like A. Philip Randolph's famous threat to protest in 1941, the many freedom rides conducted by CORE, Martin Luher King Jr.'s famous speeches, etc. The women's rights movement is covered thouroughly as well, including the influence of the Betty Friedan founded NOW organization, and legislation such as the pay act of 1963 and momentus court decisions such as the 1973 Roe vs. Wade case. Both movements are traced from their origins up to the current time.
From the Paper
"As World War II commenced, African Americans and women in the United States were not much better off than they were in the late 1800?s. Blacks were no longer slaves, but the same was true by 1890. Women had gained the right to vote nationwide with the passage of the nineteenth amendment in 1920, but they still were not anywhere close to having the rights that white men did. Starting with the World War II period, women and African Americans began to organize massive movements for their rights, and these movements have effected great change in American Society. Today, women and blacks have more rights than they ever had before, and today?s society has been greatly influenced by both the civil rights and women?s movements."
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Civil Rights Movements, 2005.
A discussion on the American Civil Rights Movements, focusing primarily on the fight for civil rights for African-Americans, women and homosexuals.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "
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Social Movements and Politics, 2004.
An analysis of the effects of social movements on politics.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how social movements throughout history represented a new kind of politics. The paper contends that social movements have always helped bring about political change or a new type of politics, naming social philosophers kindred to politicians. The paper explains that one cannot study or offer a new type of social philosophy or movement without effecting political change. By examining the history of several social movements, the paper discovers political changes caused by the effects of these movements. The paper focuses on Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Stuart Mills who both initiated social movements that brought about a new type of politics.
From the Paper
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau makes it explicitly clear in his writings found "The Social Contract and Discourses" that he believes strongly in personal freedom and autonomy. Rousseau believed that a truly free government is one where everyone votes, every citizen. Rousseau argues that by everyone surrendering his or her rights to the sovereign equally they maintain freedom. He believes man has the most freedom in the state of nature, but because man has the ability to rationalize and the desire to be social, he must enter a social contract with others in order to have a free and equal society. Rousseau adamantly defends his belief in autonomy in his Discourses on the State of Nature, the Social Contract, and Sovereignty."
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Social Movements, 2007.
This paper examines the impacts of social movements and protests on American democracy.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explores what social movements are and describes some of America's most important movements. The paper summarizes and explains the roles and impacts of these social movements and the significance of protest as a key aspect. The paper discusses how social movements and protests impact American democracy to the extent that they succeed in their aims of changing existing laws and public policies. Finally, the paper relates that social movements have the best chance of succeeding because they practice participatory democracy in which everyone has a voice.
From the Paper
"Still, some social movements succeed in their goals for social change (e.g., those like the Women's Suffrage Movement and the Civil Rights Movement, both of which made their marks on history and changed public policy). Other social movements fizzle out and eventually disappear, having created no change. Roles and impacts of social movements and the significance of protest (e.g., marches, demonstrations, rallies, letter-writing campaigns, and other forms of public protest) as a key aspect of social movements, on American democracy, therefore depend upon the individual social movements themselves; their leadership and organization; and their success (or the lack thereof)."
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Latin American Feminist Movements, 2002.
Examining the birth of feminist movements in South America, with focus on Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico.
587 words (approx. 2.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the rise and growth of feminist movements in Latin America. It shows how these movements were linked to other socialist movements of the 1960's and how they gain strength. It explains how the feminist movements argued for rights for women just as other socialist movements were demanding equal and civil rights for many population groups.
From the Paper
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The women?s movement of Latin America is a comparatively young one. It?s seeds were planted in the 1950s and 1960s when socialist revolutionary fervor swept through much of the world. In the face of poverty, inequality and oppression, people?s movements rose up in every corner of the Latin world. And in much the same fashion as Civil Rights, Women?s Rights and anti-Vietnam sentiments in the United States coalesced into a unified counter-culture movement by the 1960s, broad social revolution proved to be opportune for politically inclined women in Latin America. In these early days of women?s liberation, female guerilla combatants and revolutionaries had to contend with all the same concerns as their male counterparts (i.e. dictatorial central governments, unequal distribution of wealth, federal corruption, etc.). But this was compounded by the threat of sexually motivated violence, social subjugation and the general gamut of gender oriented prejudices. (Winn, 397). As such, women?s struggles to gain freedom from oppression extended beyond simple political discontent."
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Social Movements, 2004.
Looks at various social movements and how they are able to retain their membership over extended periods of time.
889 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines different social movements and the different factors that have enabled them to retain, and even add to, the ranks of their membership, over extended periods of time. The paper studies and compares radical economic movements, radical religious movements, and reformist movements in order to shed light on this topic.
From the Paper
"Patterns of holding membership ranks at a stable level may vary as well for leaders of the groups and members of the rank and file membership. For animal rights activists, to take one example, there is often a quite flexible definition of what constitutes animal rights as ethical lifestyle, and the proper ways to go about pursuing the goals of the movement. However, at the higher levels of the movement, composed of activists whose entire lives revolve around animal rights, there is often a strong, core cause and code of behavior that unites them. This is because, almost like a religion, the movement is so totally consuming, requiring a certain way of eating, dressing, and often transgressing the laws of the land in terms of defacing fur and stealing animals from laboratories."
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Social Movements and their Effects on Political Policy, 2003.
Examines the effects grassroots organizations and movements can have on a country's politics.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
Social movements are collective actions in which the populace is alerted, educated, and mobilized over years and decades to challenge the power holders and the whole society to redress social problems or grievances and restore critical social values. This paper shows that social movements are seeking change in a variety of policy areas, such as the peace movement, nuclear policy, and environmental policy. The paper shows that to fully understand social movements it is important to examine not one their emergence and development of protest, but more importantly, the policy outcomes. There is an interesting dynamic between social dissent and protest and the effects upon policy in the modern American political system. The paper notes that dissatisfaction or disillusion with partisan politics or the American political system altogether creates the atmosphere and the proper social conditions for social movements to occur.
From the Paper
"The civil rights movement utilized the ideas of peaceful public protest combined with the new use of television and a variety of other mass media to influence the public opinion. Burstein (1985) has proposed a theory that stresses the crucial role played by social movements and media coverage as external factors that shape the general public?s preferences. His study shows that the Civil rights movement and media coverage affected the people?s awareness of the issue and this, in turn, led the Congress to act in favor of African American rights. By this we can see that social movements have and impact on public policy but not a direct one. Rather the impact is therefore mediated by the public opinion."
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Social Movements, 2005.
This paper examines social movements and their consequences.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer answers a series of five questions regarding social movements. The writer discusses how social movements are formed. The functioning of social movements is examined. In this article, the writer also discusses how social movements and their actions impact society.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this brief essay is to answer a series of questions regarding social movements and their consequences. Collective action, the difficulty of establishing effective social movements, the role played by organizations in social and political movements, methods used to facilitate social change and the focus or revolutionary content of social movements are at issue herein. People act collectively in democratic and non-democratic regimes to garner strength and to promote mutual issues. Rena Palloff has noted that social change efforts attempt to impact ... "
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Realist and Expressionist Movements in Germany, 2004.
Comparison of Realist and Expressionist movements of the 19th and 20th centuries in Germany.
1,199 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of two major movements in fine art, the Realist movement of the 19th century, and the Expressionist movement of the 20th century. The paper explains how these movements signified revolutionary reforms in the political, social, and economical spectra of life in Germany. The paper talks about the origins of the two major artistic movements and looks at some of the artists that best exemplify those styles of painting.
From the Paper
"In order to sufficiently explain the origins of the Realist movement, it is imperative to initiate a discussion of the contributions of the French artist Gustave Courbet. Courbet epitomized and demonstrated the rapid evolution from the purely Neoclassical method to the Realist method. He possessed the distinctive style that could only result from his individual sets of values and personal beliefs concerning what exactly characterized art. His quintessential work, The Painter?s Studio, inadvertently instigated a new movement in European painting in the middle of the nineteenth century."
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Indian Women's Feminist Movements, 2008.
A review of four articles regarding the ideology of feminist movements that existed within the Indian Nationalist Movement.
2,277 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatism of the women's feminist movements in Indian history by presenting the points of view expressed in articles written by four different authors, namely: Suruchi Thapar-Bjorkert's "The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement", Carol Hills' "Nationalism and feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of the Jhansi regiment 1943-1945", Basu Apama's "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947", and Stephen Legg's Gendered Politics and Nationalized Homes: Women and the Anti-Colonial Struggle in India: 1930-47". The analysis and discussion of these articles represents a critical view on the nature of feminism in India during the rise of Indian nationalism during the early and middle parts of the 20th century.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basu Apama's article "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947" dictates the state of feminist movements during a wide range of history, but provides the tenets of the feminist movement that was seen through the rise of Indian nationalism. Apama's argument for feminist liberation resides on the power of Mahatma Gandhi who actively supported the various feminist movements that sought to derail the traditional patriarchal constructs of violence as a form of opposition:
[Gandhi] claimed that women were better than men in waging nonviolent passive resistance because they had greater capacity for self-sacrifice and endurance, were less self seeking, and had moral courage.
This aspect of the women's movement helped to bring many women into the nationalist movement in India, but certainly, the pragmatic aspect of this foundation for feminist involvement only supports a patriarchal construct. One critical view of this feminist" ideology is that women were actively still performing a submissive role that could still deemed submissive to the male roles of aggression and "violence." The basis of a feminist movement in India appears to be validating the aggressive and submissive roles of women, especially when Apama defines women through Gandhi's ideology for being "less self seeking" in their agenda as a women seeking liberation. This begs the question: Were women merely being used as human shields through their typically submissive female roles in Indian nationalism? The pragmatism of Apama's article surely does not answer crucial questions as to how women were being liberated due to the often powerful men that still controlled political and traditional male roles in Indian society. Although feminist movements began to become more organized, the issue of its effectiveness is highly questionable under the policies of Gandhi in this period of history. In this manner, Apama promotes the freedom of women from the bonds of patriarchal institutions, yet there is little evidence that they made advances in reducing the often submissive stereotypes and generalizations made about them by the male donated nationalist movements in Indian history."
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The Arts and Crafts and De Stijl Movements, 2008.
An analysis of how the Arts and Crafts and the De Stijl movements influenced contemporary British and Dutch architecture and design.
8,115 words (approx. 32.5 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Arts and Crafts and the De Stijl movements. It analyzes the features of each architectural movement individually and then compares the features between them. The paper then assesses their influence on contemporary British and Dutch architecture and design. The paper provides specific examples, with pictures of how the movements influence architecture today.
Table of Contents:
Objective
The Arts And Crafts Movement
The De Stijl Movement
Contemporary British and Dutch Architecture and Design
Three Development Routes in Dutch Urban Design
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Dutch, as compared to other countries where demand is generally met by producing generic housing that is mass-produced allow the designers a chance to design housing units upon graduation from school in part because the designers are trained to ensue upon immediate work after leaving school. The Deflt University of Technology emphasizes knowledge of a technical nature and the architects have the know-how to begin building early in their career. The reasons that Dutch designers are so successful is the results of "a situation in which construction of housing has become so systematized that it has created a well-oiled machine to support the experimentation young designers embrace." (Tisma, Bijlsma, and Dammers, 2007) Furthermore, 'Concrete shells and standard window assemblies can be deconstructed and reassembled in new ways, and even the gridded landscape in which new housing estates appear give the architects a field within which they can experiment. In a sense the whole Dutch building trade subsidizes experimentation by collectivizing individual homes into large-scale systems within which architects can create innovative forms." (p. 286) One example of the new housing estate in the Netherlands is named Hageneiland and is located just east of The Hague. This property was designed by MDRDV and was completed in 2001. This property is comprised by 119 primarily rental units. The arrangement of the housing stood a row of houses that were poured into concrete frames along the road with small front and backyards. However two units were left standing closer to the road and moved a few back and so forth which created a small village of structures since the front was not closed. This results in more interaction between neighbors going to and front their homes. Each group of units is covered in one material: (1) red tile; (2) blue metal; (3) concrete panels; and so forth."
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Social Movements of the Sixties, 2002.
An analysis of the civil rights and student rights movements of the 1960s.
4,346 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how social movements come and go, but their after-effects frequently continue to shape the course of a society for a long time. In particular, it reviews the impact of the civil rights movement on campus-based student movements and politics during the 1960s in America and examines their respective contexts as social movements. Finally, it assesses the long-term implications for American society.
From the Paper
"Deprivation, discontent, and frustration are frequently assumed to be sufficient causes for initiating or joining a social movement. The relationship is complex, however; for instance, there is little evidence that the most deprived segments of a population are the most likely to participate in social movements. The concept of relative deprivation has been used to explain the fact that persons who could be much worse off than they are but still feel deprived in comparison with even more fortunate groups often play a prominent part in social movements (Killian et al., 2002, s. 3). Anyone seeking to better understand the underlying social forces at work in these types of movements must recognize that the phenomenon is complex and the process convoluted."
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