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Motif of the Desert in "The English Patient", 2000.
An examination of the motif of the desert in "The English Patient" by Michael Ondaajte, as a parallel to life itself, not just for the main character, but for humanity.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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From the Paper
?After spending ten years in the desert, the English patient is a shadow of his former self. Everything the English patient experiences in the desert is very short lived, and this is compared to the difficulty in finding an ample amount of water. The English patient speaks of water as the " . . . ghost between your hands and your mouth" and notes that "In the desert you celebrate nothing but water" (19; ch. 1 | 23; ch. 1). This strengthens the idea that nothing in the desert is permanent, and everything is valuable. In this sense, the desert represents not only the English patient's life, but life in general.?
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"The English Patient" by Michael Ondaatje, 2002.
An analysis of elemental existence in the book "The English Patient" by Michael Ondaatje.
3,204 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Ondaatje's symbolic use of air, fire, water and earth, especially as represented in the motif of the desert, to display the characteristics of life and love it time of war. It portrays the elements as the essence of life, and illustrates how existence is precarious and elemental in the world of "The English Patient."
From the Paper
"Love and war are central themes in the novel The English Patient by Canadian Michael Ondaatje. Ondaatje?s book won the Booker Prize, and was the basis for the film which won nine Academy Awards including Best Picture. Both love and war reduce humans to states of life that might be called elemental. Elements are the basic components of life. What is essential to life becomes paramount. The four elements, water, earth, air, and fire are symbolically employed throughout The English Patient. As the elements are necessary to the support of life, they can also bring death and suffering, just as the passionate love described in this book is both beautiful and painful. The way that the elements in combination with the motif of the desert are used in The English Patient shows the intimate interconnection between sustenance and the pain and suffering of life as humans endure the experiences of love and war."
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Elemental Existence in "The English Patient", 2002.
This paper looks at how the elements add to the tension and theme of human suffering in Michael Ondaatje?s novel "The English Patient".
3,153 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the central motif of the desert and the imagery of fire, air, water and earth in Michael Ondaatje?s novel "The English Patient". The writer uses quotes from the novel to illustrate the significance of the elements in revealing the uncertain lives of Ondaatje?s characters who are struggling to survive passion and war in North Africa during World War II.
From the Paper
"Water and fire are frequently juxtaposed. Katherine and Alm?sy experience the fire of passion. Each interlude fuels the desire for more as possession and jealousy, both fiery qualities enter the scene. They are possessed as if by the flames of hell. Katherine has married her best friend from childhood to avoid passion and pain. She tells Alm?sy (while in the bath with him) that what she likes most is to swim alone, and to take baths alone. Thus ironically, her attempt at emotional aridity is overcome by her passion for Alm?sy. The first time Hana sees Alm?sy, he is to her: ?A man with no face. An ebony pool? (48). She ?swims? under her wool blankets as he moves ?in his cloth placenta? (49). Hana uses a candle to read to Alm?sy at night. ?The candle flickers over the page . . .He listens to her, swallowing her words like water? (5). Water, so essential to desert survival becomes a symbolic oasis, symbolizing emotion and nurturance, and representing hope of life. Burned, transported by Bedouins, Alm?sy, ?could smell the oasis before he saw it. The liquid in the air. . .The banging of tin cans whose deep pitch revealed they were full of water? (6)."
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Desert Shield/Desert Storm Strategy, 1993.
U.S. military objectives & success analyzed according to Fabyanic & Principles of War models. Looks at policy, doctrine, technology, offensive, mass and maneuver.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 21 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
" One of the major objectives in the U.S. military strategy of the air campaign during Desert Shield/Desert Storm was the quick attainment of air superiority over Kuwait and southern Iraq. With control of this airspace, U.S. and coalition air forces were virtually unimpeded in the attainment of their other major goals: destroying Iraq's command and control structure as well as its facilities for nuclear, biological and chemical warfare; cutting off Iraq's major supply lines; and providing air support to ground troop operations (Dugan, 1991, p. 26). In order to attain air superiority, the allies needed to knock out all of Iraq's defensive and offensive air capabilities. This was accomplished by means of saturation bombing and the use of electronic surveillance and anti.radar systems. A key element in the success of this strategy was the use of a large number of allied.."
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English Teaching Methodolodgy - ESL (English Second Language), 2002.
This paper explores some of the fundemental principles of teaching English as a second language.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper serves as a guide for teaching students English as a second language. It is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the first three weeks of educating a group that has never before learned English. The paper explains the characteristics of the material intended to be taught. It also clarifies what one should do if the students made mistakes and deals with ways of encouraging students to talk. The second part of the paper explores the required environment for second language acquisition and the thirds part discusses factors that are beneficial for second language learning efforts.
From the Paper
"First impressions are important in establishing a good relationship between teachers and students. Foreign students often come to the classroom with many fears. (Cary, 2000) Therefore, it is very important that the teacher establish a friendly, enthusiastic atmosphere free of any negative vibes. (Samway, 1999) Even though the students are afraid, this can be eased by a friendly smile and pleasant small talk. This is especially important before giving any sort of assessment test, which should be given during the first class of the term as part of class orientation."
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Matthew Arnold: Late Victorian English Poet and Critic, 2002.
This paper discuses Matthew Arnold's critical analysis of English culture and the English nation during late the Victorian period.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The author states the late Victorian period in England was a unique time in that country?s literary history. Both literature and the political culture supported one another by different notions of England?s future. Matthew Arnold addressed directly issues of the purpose of English culture and the English nation.
From the Paper
"Matthew Arnold was a conservative writer in the sense that he was not egalitarian. He feared an intrusion of ?vulgarity? into the culture and of ?Philistine populism.? (Wilson xvii; xvii) But his ideas were more complex than that. Arnold did believe that the essential thrust of English development should not be so much to expand its physical boundaries, but to create a culture of, as he termed it, ?Sweetness and Light.? "
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The Future of English and Mother Tongue, 2001.
This essay deals with shifts of languages other than English and the globalization of English.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
A personal opinion paper which addresses the following questions - Does globalization of English form a serious threat? Do languages other than English face a slow death? This essays argues the eminent future of English and mother tongue.
From the Paper
"It appears that English is to become the main language in Europe, and perhaps the world. This topic has been discussed extensively and widely and there has been massive scientific research in recent years. I came upon the article ?The Great English Divide? merely by chance, and the discussion caught my particular interest, as I am a Dutch-speaking Belgian, living in multi-lingual South Africa and currently studying towards a degree in English. I surfed the Internet, and found hundreds of articles discussing this same subject. The articles of my choice are only a few examples. Professor David Crystal has nominated a book to the subject ?English as a global language? , where he researched these three questions: What makes a world language? Why is English the leading candidate? Will it continue to hold that position? David Crystal has written a number of books on the topic itself. My main interest is how this globalisation of the English Language will influence English as a language. Is the idea of globalisation of English not just a triumphalist notion? Will the increase of the use of English in non-English speaking countries change English vocabulary and grammar? Will the use of 'Fusion English' increase? Paradoxically, could it mean that the population of Europe will become monolingual and could therefore mother languages become extinct?"
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Who and Which in Bulgarian and English, 2006.
Examines problems of number and gender transfer when translating "who" and "which" from Bulgarian into English.
4,983 words (approx. 19.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
There are a number of problems that a translator might come upon when translating wh- words from Bulgarian into English. This paper looks at "who" and "which" in particular. Why is there a problem? In English, "who" and "which" do not take grammatical markers for gender and number, while in Bulgarian they do . In English and Bulgarian, gender is grammaticalized differently. This particularity is sometimes considered a problem for certain translations from Bulgarian, and more specifically, when gender seems of importance to the Bulgarian text. This paper deals with the notions of grammatical and semantic gender only because the former exists in Bulgarian and the latter is used in English. This paper begins with some preliminary remarks, exposing the differences between Bulgarian and English when it comes to number and gender markings. Some translation examples are discussed in more detail in the section entitled "Examples". It must be pointed out that the paper investigates only one side of the problem, where Bulgarian is the source language and English is the target language. Back translation is not discussed here. The main focus is on how gender itself is produced and translated. Following paragraphs clarify what gender is in both languages and what problems translators might encounter if they choose to transfer a gendered reference from Bulgarian into English.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Preliminary Remarks on Gender and Number in English and Bulgarian
Who and Which in English
Who and Which in Bulgarian
Examples
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In the extra-linguistic world, gender is a physiological phenomenon connected with the structure of some living beings. There are objects with no sex (inanimate) and others with sex (animate). The category of sex has two exponents (male and female). These facts can be reflected in language since gender markings in a given language are, on the first place, categories established through our contact with the natural differences between the sexes and between what we have called "the animate" and "the inanimate". Thus, the linguistic exponent of sex has the following grammatical and/or lexical correspondences in English:
1 M / he male (animate) boy, father, John, etc.
2 F / she female (animate) girl, mother, Mary, etc.
3 N / it O gender (inanimate/undetermined) cat, stone, table, baby (if sex unknown)"
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English Language Learners (ELLs), 2007.
This paper discusses writing strategies for English language learners (ELLs).
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the problem of English language learners (ELLs) learning to write English may be in the failure of the current educational system to distinguish between the differences in the oral and written traditions of the English language. The author points out that ELL students may acquire verbal English skills fairly quickly, which is often mistaken for complete English proficiency; however, research demonstrates that the conventions of written English are far different than spoken English and that ELL students develop written English skills at a rate far slower than the rate at which they develop spoken English skills. The paper relates that ELL students must have a clear understanding of the methodology behind the writing process in order for them to comprehend the general writing traditions of the English language.
Table of Contents:
Discussion
Time Expectations for Adaptation
Conversational English versus Written and Academic English
Failure to Distinguish Oral and Academic Communication in Teaching
Strategies for Teachers
Prewriting
Revising and the "Writer's Workshop"
Journal Writing
Reformulation
Benefits of Encouraging Primary Language Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The wide variance in writing conventions amongst different languages often forces ELL students to 'unlearn' the conventions of their first language. For example, if a student's first language is a mainly a symbolic, or logographic language, a student may have difficulty learning to form letters that in turn form a word. However, this aspect of language acquisition should not always be considered a hinderance in learning written English. It can also have positive benefits. If a student is already writing in their first language, it is likely that those skills can be utilized to advantage of teaching written English."
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Teaching the English Language, 2008.
This paper discusses task based instruction in English language learning for English second language (ESL) students and presents a teaching module combining English language learning and social issues.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a task based curriculum provides students with the opportunity to apply immediately their learning to tasks on a consistent basis. The author points out that task based instruction provides students with a true learning experience in which they are capable of demonstrating learning through actual experience. The paper indicates that, as students perform tasks they are capable of building on the knowledge and skills that they have already acquired and realizing their abilities related to the unit of instruction. The author includes a module that focuses on the combination of English language learning and social issues, which are relevant to the student's learning and growth and will lead to positive outcomes in education.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
English Language Learning and Social Issues Module
Part One
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
Part Five
Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The module will focus on the theme of social issues and the target learning stage is intermediate, at grades 9-12. At this stage of learning and development high school students are consistently focusing on social issues that impact their everyday lives. Allowing these students to focus on these issues, as well as using English as a means to that expression will motivate the students toward successful completion of the unit. Additionally, tasks that are defined for the students that will allow them to realize their goals in the unit will support the learning and ensure retention of the skills and knowledge that have been acquired."
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Linguistics and the History of the English Language, 2002.
This paper explores the areas of linguistics and the history of the English language in terms of what an English teacher should know before teaching the subject.
4,392 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper asks if future English teachers should study the history of English. The writer shows that teachers should have a knowledge of linguistics. Main points of the paper include: why English is complicated, why languages (especially English) change, grammar rules and problems, spelling history and problems, how dialects are developed and how they influence English in the classroom, semantic changes and more. The paper concludes that all these contribute to a better and more interesting English classroom.
From the Paper
"The English language has a rich history, spanning centuries and passed on by different tribes. A lot of other languages, especially French, has had some influence on the English language. The language has undergone many changes in its history, including the Great Vowel Shift, which changed the way English was spoken. Some people who know more than one language have said that English is the hardest language to learn. As of today, many educated professors and acclaimed administration members probably don?t know the real reasons behind some grammar rules and depend on technology to correct their fragment sentences. What makes English such a hard language to learn and use, even for its native speakers? Will the knowledge of the history behind the English language enable teachers to help students master English? I believe that knowledge leads to understanding; therefore teachers with a strong background in the history of English will be better equipped to teach this difficult subject."
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Mandarin Speakers' Production of English Vowels, 2007.
An analysis of Mandarin speakers' production and perception of English vowels and their mastery of the English language.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This study examines how production and perception of English vowels are affected by one's native language, specifically among Mandarin speakers. The paper examines the specific relationship between Mandarin speakers' production and perception of English vowels and their mastery of the English language, including their comprehension of intonation and pitch. The author hypothesizes that Mandarin speakers' would experience more difficulty mastering English vowels if their exposure to the English language encompassed one year or less.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Previous studies suggest that multiple factors affect speakers' ability to produce sounds and their perceptions of sound. Various studies including that conducted by Boroditsky (2001) suggest that how one speaks affects many aspects of their livelihood including how one views or perceives the world. Further studies suggest that when compared with native English speakers, Mandarin speakers tend to refer to different concepts in different ways, including describing time in different manners (Boroditsky, 2001). The results of this study are relevant as they suggest that language is a "powerful tool shaping thought" and that one's native language "plays an important role in shaping thoughts and thought processes" (Boroditsky, 20)."
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The California English Language Development Test, 2008.
This paper is a review of the literature on the California English Language Development Test (CELDT) and student achievement when learning English as a second language.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the California English Language Development Test (CELDT) is used as a means of evaluating language proficiency among students learning English as a second language to identify students who are learning English as a second language. The author points out that the CELDT also is used to monitor the performance of these students at regular intervals and to reclassify students from limited English proficiency to fluent English proficiency. The paper stresses that CELDT is a monitoring system, not a pedagogical approach; therefore, its use will never directly improve or diminish the scores of second language learners. The paper concludes that administrators and educators may have unwittingly created a setting in which the CELDT is given more credibility than it deserves in terms of its significance as a testing apparatus.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
CELDT in Application
Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The test was used for the first time in 2001, suggesting that data pertaining to its use is insufficient to judge long-term outcomes based on the use of the test. The CELDT was developed by the professional for-profit test organization, "CTB-McGraw Hill" and is "designed to assess English learners in grades 1 through 12 on reading, writing, comprehension, and oral English along a continuum of five levels, from Beginning (1) to Advanced (5)" The test has been praised in California by educators and administrators who were forced to rely on a variety of different tests but now can evaluate a student's performance even when he or she has moved from one school to another."
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The English Language and India, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of the British using their English language and culture in India to "educate the Indians".
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, beginning in the 18th century, the British missionaries and their establishing institutions of learning, which initiated much of the early education of the Indians, thought that if English was intrinsically healthy, it stood to reason that the Indian languages were the opposite. The author points out that, to find employment in a civil service position, an individual needed to pass an English qualifying exam and receive a "western degree"; therefore, it is no surprise that the educated class, in some cases, became more English than the English. The paper relates that, with the leadership of Gandhi, who was once an avid Anglophile, the many Indian languages came to be favored over English; however, even today, English is used as a kind of national language for affairs of state because India is multi-lingual and having a unifying language is seen as important. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"The group that benefited possibly the most was the Bengalis.
The Bengalis developed a vigorous Westernized culture quite independent of their British neighbors. Education became a mark of social distinction as well as a means for advancement. Competition in the schools and universities was (and is) fierce by Western standards. The highly educated and literate populace gave rise to a great demand for books. A few blocks south of the Marble Palace is the College Street Market where, adjacent to the dignified buildings of Calcutta University, there exists a prodigious collection of publishers and booksellers. The market is an intellectual phenomenon in itself, probably the largest book market in the world. Books on every conceivable subject are published both in English and Bengali. The Bengali authors have a marvelous facility with the English language and at its best the quality of literature in Calcutta ranks with that of any center in the world."
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The History of English Literature, 2003.
A study of the history of English Literature, using the book "An Introduction to English Literature" by Jorge Luis Barges.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
A book review of Barges' "An Introduction to English Literature" designed to educate the reader about the rich history of English Literature. Further, the book itself is written by renown author Jorge Luis Barges. His analysis concerning English Literature is focused in: The Anglo Saxon Period; The Fourteenth Century; The Seventeenth Century; The Eighteenth Century; Nineteenth Century Prose; Nineteenth Century Poetry and the end of the Nineteenth Century. Such topics are useful when presenting the reader with a thorough understanding of the history of English literature and writers.
From the Paper
"The author?s preface begins with a general introduction on how essential English Literature is to our society as a whole. Borges also offers the reader a glimpse, of how he strategically compiled essential information concerning the history of English Literature, and writers in sixty-eight pages of text. Evidently, English Literature imparts a wealth of critical information. Further, Borges goes on to explain the significance of English literature: Of all the vernacular literatures which developed during the Middle Ages on the fringe of literature in Lain, that of England is one of the oldest. To put it another way, there are few other texts that can be attributed to the end of the seventh or the beginning of the eight centuries of our era."
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