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Morale in the Medical Field, 2004.
An examination of the changing face of the medical field and how these changes affect health professionals' morale.
3,124 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the changes in the health care system have contributed to low morale in physicians and nurses and other personnel. It examines the current conditions in that field and also evaluates the economic impact of allowing that state of affairs to continue by looking at the ethical and human resources issues involved. It also points to some possible solutions to this phenomenon.
From the Paper
"It wouldn?t come as a surprise to many people that when a job involves repetitive tasks, the worker can become bored, demoralized and stressed out, and that worker?s morale may sink. Adding to that time pressures makes it that much worse: think of the scene from ?I Love Lucy? when Lucy and Ethel were working in a candy factory and the supervisor kept speeding up the line. Pretty soon, Lucy and Ethel couldn?t cope with it, and they began cramming the chocolates into their mouths, their blouses, their hats. In the end, they gave up in despair.
While no one would mistake the medical profession for a candy factory, the same sorts of things have been happening with the same predictable results. The physicians and nurses, especially, have found themselves more often than not in ?production? lines, the managed care scenario in which they are expected to see ever more patients and even save money while seeing them. Their own wages have been cut, their hours lengthened, along with more expectations piled on. If it were an industrial setting, you can bet the shop steward would be involved, and the entire thing might be handled through collective bargaining. But physicians and nurses are ?professionals? and so are not represented by unions with at least some clout. Worse still, the physicians and nurses got into the field because, in most cases, they also had a strong need and desire to help people. In the prevalent managed care medical setting, often they don?t really get a chance even to see if their work has made a difference. Result of all this? Low morale, which, in turn, creates its own problems."
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Expert Systems In The Medical Field, 1995.
Examines the use of artificial intelligence technology in diagnosis and treatment, problems, training, asthma control, legalities and health care reform.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Computers have the ability to store, manipulate and retrieve vast amounts of information; certainly much more information than any one individual could have access to in the same amount of time. For years, computers were used primarily to manipulate numerical data; qualitative work was left to human users to interpret and reach. In recent years, advances in technology and the ability to build on the computer's primary strength in simple binary (yes/no) logic has led to the development of artificial intelligence, or expert, systems. These systems seek to imitate decision making as performed by humans, and by doing so, assist humans in their everyday work. Such systems are now common in business, and are being tested for use in other fields, such as engineering and in the medical profession. This research examines the use of expert ..."
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Moral Preference Indicator Testing of Medical Profession, 2006.
A field research project aimed at gathering data by administering a moral preference indicator test on professional members of the Family Health Centers of Southwest Florida, Inc.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This report represents a field research report which consists of details and data gathered from the administering of the moral preference indicator on members of the healthcare system. The United States healthcare system is a compilation of health plans, physicians, hospitals, clinics, consumers and public health programs. This research focused in on one such professional organization called the Family Health Centers of Southwest Florida, Inc.
From the Paper
"The clientele of our American healthcare system consists of two basic groups: those who can afford to pay for their healthcare and those who cannot. This separation creates a moral dilemma that medical professional must face day in and day out. The profession is based on a code of conduct that suggests that all people should be helped when in distress or need. The profession is also based on a foundation of any other revenue generating business entity, that is, the healthcare system creates bills that need to be paid."
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Medical Management, 2004.
A discussion of various management techniques and how they can be applied to the medical field.
4,703 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some important management concepts and practices. Although these concepts are drawn from the world of commerce, they have considerable applicability within the world of medicine as well. This research provides an overview of both the private and public health care markets, focusing particularly on The Royal Devon and Exeter hospital, which is a part of the National Health Service, and the Exeter Nuffield, which is a private hospital. While there are elements of hospital administration that are, of course, unique and that cannot be derived from other areas, there are a number of management concepts that can be extrapolated from one context to another. This paper focuses on those elements of management strategy that are current in the business world that have applicability to the world of medical management as well.
Introduction
The Centrality of Communication
Reengineering the Hospital
Shared Competitive Agenda
Clear Charter of Values
Competing for Talent
Speed of Reaction
Leveraging Resources
The (Stumbling) Dance of Change
References
From the Paper
"Both high-tech firms and health-care organizations share the need to be able to meet the needs of an increasingly mobile workforce even as they are able to obtain from these same often-transient employees their best work. In our uncertain economic times, employees feel increasingly less loyalty to their employers and are more and more likely to consider themselves to be independent contractors whose fealty is to themselves alone. This means that every aspect of staffing at health-care organizations ? from recruitment to retention ? is increasingly difficult. This in turn means that senior managers must take on increasing responsibilities, especially in the arena of communicating with workers at every level and in every department of the organization."
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Medical Ethics and Decision Making, 2004.
An in-depth analysis of the medical profession and health care organizations, focusing on the ethics of cost control and the ensuing effects on medical decision making.
7,970 words (approx. 31.9 pages), 50 sources, MLA, $ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the revolution of accountability and assessment in the medical field and what it means for doctors in the United Kingdom and in America. The paper contends that doctors everywhere must deal with ethics, guidelines, and responsibility to their patients. The paper examines the issue of medical insurance and describes the dilemmas facing the doctor who has to treat patients according to their financial situation.
Outline
A New Revolution in Ethics
The Importance of Quality
Guidelines, Accountability, and Rapid Expansion
Controversial Issues and Ethical Behavior
Bioethics
Informed Consent
History of the Issue
Law Versus 'Common Sense'
The Strongest Cases
The Feasibility of Ethical Accountability
Ideas for the Future
Concluding Information
From the Paper
"In 1988, what many called the ?third revolution? in medical care came about (Dunevitz, 1999). The first revolution was after the Second World War, and this caused an explosion in the number of hospitals and doctors, as well as the research that went into the field (Dunevitz, 1999). Medicare and Medicaid were created and the field of medicine was growing so rapidly that it was hard to follow it and understand everything that was happening to it (Dunevitz, 1999). In the 1970?s, cost and how to contain it became more of an issue than the growth of medicine and not only employers but the government began to work against the costs that were getting out of control (Dunevitz, 1999)."
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Mid-level Medical Care Providers, 2005.
This paper discusses the role of mid-level medical providers and their position on the hierarchical ladder of the changing management structure in the medical care industry.
6,175 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that mid-level providers are trained and licensed health care workers, who like physicians are able to provide healthcare and billable services and who are underutilized in the present day medical field. The paper points out several laws, which affect the competitive relationship of care providers: The Sherman Act, the Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. This paper relates that the shortage of mid-level providers needs to be filled; and incentives, which are attractive enough to gain the attention of the mid-level service providers, should be made inclusive in managed care organizations.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Managed Care: The Basis of the Need for Mid-Level Providers
Current Trends in Coverage
The Future Projection for the Mid-level Provider
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The numbers of individuals that are enrolled in the managed care organization is a foremost thought in the effectual planning models of education in future health care professionals and the attitudes held towards managed care. Findings show that MRs believes that cost is over quality and are more likely to see the managed care organization as a threat than are APPNs. In a recent study findings were that the use of mid-level practitioners was key in saving labor costs. The use of PA/Nurse practitioners in the managed care organization resulted in lower labor costs when calculated per visit and recommendations for more research is stated The study was conducted in relation to twenty-six primary practice managed care organization capitated group managed care organization models with information on 2 million visits and 206 practitioners between 1997 and 2000."
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Medical Ethics, 2002.
An examination of the principles of medical ethics with an emphasis on the field of genetics and therapy.
1,747 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how while 21st century technological advances in medicine offer promises of disease eradication, they bring with them a cost and how this cost may take many forms: A loss of privacy, a loss of ownership and a loss of control. It looks at how we must be careful to determine how such technological advances are utilized, be alert to their misuse and set up effective review boards and regulations to insure access, permit scientific progress yet forego misuse and manipulation by elements of greed and even experimentation for experimentation?s sake. It also discusses in turn, the four major interest topics in the field of medical information ethics, privacy, accuracy, property and accessibility.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the questions that arise will be those that determine the who, when and why of treatment. Although we have many medical technology breakthroughs at our disposal today, there are many factors that contribute to their lack of use on today?s medical front. One big factor is the insurance mediary who determines the necessity of such treatments, often denying life-saving procedures based on insurance coverage measures. In some cases, HMO groups pay physicians for their lack of specialist referrals. Equipment for procedures is expensive and may not be acquired by hospitals that feature care for high demographics of low-income patients. Therefore, a determination of patient privilege based on race, income or other increment may be purported. Is it ethical to withhold life-saving treatment from a patient based on their race?"
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Job Survey For Positions In Medical Information, 2002.
This junior level paper on Positions In Medical Information reviews the prospects of job posts available in the vast field of medicine.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This junior level paper on Positions In Medical Information reviews the prospects of job posts available in the vast field of medicine. The paper gives a clear description and experience required for each medical job position, including their basic salary structure. This paper also compares the job market available for each office, as well as gives a narration of their prerequisites.
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Healthcare Industry and Medical Malpractice in the U.S., 2006.
Evaluates the current situation of medical malpractice and the crises in the healthcare industry in the United States.
5,460 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The massive United States healthcare system plays an important place in society. Enormous amounts of money spent on health care, fail to a large degree in terms of healthiness or life expectancy. Medical malpractice aggravates this situation due to inflating costs. This paper analyzes how the legal system in the United States is putting pressure on the healthcare system, looks at ways that healthcare delivery has gotten more expensive and potentially more harmful or wary of risk. Tort reform is examined with the potential to help reduce medical costs, but does not seem to be a sufficient long-term goal. Finally, the paper explores the idea of medical courts or tribunals, specialized medical decision makers that could help to increase fair and reasonable judgments for medical malpractice claims.
Paper Outline:
The United States' Legal System is Killing Healthcare
The Impact of the Legal System on Healthcare in the United States
Tort Reform
Medical Courts and Medical Administrative Tribunals
Benefits of Medical Courts and/or Tribunals
From the Paper
"The United States legal system, at both the state and federal level, has never had the direct impact on an industry as it has on the U.S. health care industry. Currently, outside of very lax civil procedure rules, anyone can bring a medical malpractice claim and receive compensation without any factual findings made by a judge or jury. In other words, claimants may receive compensation from defendants without proving their allegations. Parties in medical liability lawsuits can hire so-called experts who routinely testify for the plaintiffs or defendants and skew their testimony towards the side who paid them to testify."
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Medical Geriatric Case Study, 2006.
This paper is a medical case of a 66 year old male, referred for home care evaluation due to poly-pharmacy and multiple medical conditions with poor control.
3,965 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper indicates that the patient's past medical history includes poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and hypertension and significant obesity; however, at the home visit, he was in no apparent distress. The author points out that the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) is a method of providing a thorough family assessment in a healthcare setting, utilizing three major categories: 1) The structural dimension of family life, 2) the developmental dimension of the family life and 3) the functional dimension of the family life. The paper concludes that, on the surface, it would seem that all the pathology in this family lies solely in the range of the patient's medical problems; however, the Calgary Assessment Model indicates that many of the issues surrounding his poor diabetic control, weight gain and high blood pressure were related to family dynamics and lack of education surrounding disease state and disease management.
Table of Contents
Presenting Problem
Past Medical History
Past Surgical History
Review of Systems
Current Medications
Social History
Objective Data
HEENT
CV
Neuro
GU/Rectal
Mental Status Exam
Assessment
Plan
Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM)
Calgary Family Intervention Model
Problem List and Discussion
Relative Lack of Knowledge of Diabetes
Relative Lack of Knowledge of Hypertension
Relative Social Isolation
Critique of the Calgary Assessment Model
From the Paper
"Home visit was accomplished on 2 April 2005. The visit was accomplished in the midmorning and present at the visit were the patient, Mr. Schelley, his wife of 40 years, Mrs. Annette Schelley, and their 38 year old son, Thomas, who lives in the household with Mr. and Mrs. Schelley. The family lives in a 1200 square foot ranch house in a middle class neighborhood. It is a two bedroom, one bathroom house purchased by the Schelley's five years ago when Mr. Schelley took early retirement from a local manufacturing plant. Thomas returned home about a year ago after separating from his wife. He is currently unemployed and living in the extra bedroom. His presence in the house is a source of significant stress and the cause of many arguments between Mr. and Mrs. Schelley. This write-up was done from information obtained over the course of two home visits.."
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Off-Shore Medical Education, 2002.
This paper examines the alternative forms of medical education due to the high competition and difficult entrance requirements of American medical schools.
3,312 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by discussing the problems that American students have in being accepted into medical schools. It examines the high entrance requirements and minimum acceptance levels and explains why this has lead to the phenomenon of alternative medical schools opening up abroad for American students. It reviews some of these offshore medical school programs and the options of specialization through these courses.
From the Paper
"Medical school admission is a highly competitive process that only evaluates and admits the most qualified candidates for entrance, and more students apply than spaces available in schools across the United States. The criteria that U.S. medical schools exercise in making their admission decisions are highly rigorous, including grade point average, future potential in the medical profession, communication skills, bedside manner, leadership skills, and extracurricular activities. As a result, many worthy students are not accepted to the schools of their choice and their dreams are often shattered by this reality. Specifically, in the United States, earning a medical degree is a status symbol that garners much respect and attention from the general public, and the profession is highly regarded as a symbol of position and admiration. Therefore, the competition is fierce and medical training is a very difficult and often exhausting process with significant financial and personal rewards for those who complete and excel in training programs. However, many students that cannot gain acceptance to American medical school programs are not necessarily removed from contention and the opportunity to earn a medical degree. Other options are available in nontraditional settings outside of the United States."
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Medical Decision Making and Research, 2006.
A research paper on parental authority limits in medical decision making and medical research.
5,086 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This research paper describes the Western medical approach to patient treatment which requires that the patient be informed of his illness and arms him or her with the autonomy to choose the kind of care and treatment he or she will have. The paper further takes a look at the history of this medical doctrine in the United States and its implications for parental authority regarding medical decision making and research.
From the Paper
"A physician who makes a diagnosis of a diseased condition, which means a short and painful life for a patient must make a choice of outright informing the patient of his condition, discussing treatment options with his or her family in the absence of the patient, or discussing the condition and the options with the patient's family and in his or her presence (Veatch 2002). Cultures differ in determining the option among these three. Since the era of liberal biomedical ethics in the 70s in the United States, the focus has been the competent patient. In the East, traditional Europe and Latin America, the family makes that decision, whether the patient is present or involved, and especially in terminal disease conditions, such as cancer. Western cultures, particularly American, uphold the ideology of liberal individualism, which gives priority to the patient's own decision and which embodies the doctrine of informed consent. The doctrine requires that the patient be informed and arms him or her with the autonomy to choose the kind of care and treatment he or she will have. This means that it is unethical and illegal to submit the patient to treatment options without his knowledge and consent and that the right to accept or refuse the options is reserved to him or her alone (Veacth)."
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Medical Maps and Malaria, 2005.
A history of medical mapping and a look at modern medical mapping.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the first medical maps made and includes copies of each map described. The paper describes the disease of malaria and how modern medical mapping is applied to the study of malaria.
Introduction
Medical Maps
Diseases around the World Being Mapped
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Malaria kills a child every 30 seconds in developing nations. Despite numerous attempts to exterminate it, malaria is one of the few diseases that have been able to continue to spread. During the 1950's, the world health organization stated that Malaria would be eradicated by the use of DDT by the end of the decade. DDT, a miracle insecticide was found in the 1960's to continually decrease in effectiveness. DDT was able to stop large populations of mosquitoes from developing to adulthood. The extermination of mosquitoes, in theory, would destroy the carrier of Malaria, and the disease would die out. DDT was found to have adverse effects in the several environmental areas. The insecticide is soluble in fat. If fish take in the insecticide by consumption of food in an area that has been applied with DDT, then the DDT is concentrated in the fatty tissues of the fish. The fish then can be consumed by a bird, but the bird will most likely consume many fish in one day. This growth in concentration of DDT creates abnormal effects in animals that are high on the food chain. DDT was found to cause the calcium in bird eggs to leech out, making the egg walls very thin, and easily cracked. The cracking of eggs caused the decrease of many bird populations. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned its use n December of 1972 because of the adverse effects the DDT caused. The banning of the DDT chemical for broad use in many highly developed countries spurred the development of other ways to stop the spread of malaria. The extermination of mosquitoes became an unviable avenue. After the banning of DDT in the United State, the focus became clear that Malaria must be contained by the use of drugs that would be distributed to people."
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Electronic Medical Records, 2002.
A discussion of impact of electronic medical records on twenty-first century medical practice,
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes how electronic medical records will revolutionize medical practice in the twenty-first century, and concludes that they will be of immense value to health care professionals and medical administrators.
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The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), 2005.
Looks at the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), which requires employers with 50 or more employees to provide up to twelve weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave "each year for specified family and medical reasons."
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) was designed to help those individuals who need to care for either a close family member with a serious medical disorder or to assist employees when a serious medical condition arrives without notice. The paper first describes some of the provisions of the FMLA, including entitlements to leave, the maintenance of health benefits during leave, job restoration after leave, and protections for employees who request or take FMLA leave. The paperalso relates the process by which an employee can use FMLA leave. The paper concludes that the success of this legislation has led many states to pass similar acts.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Leave Entitlement
Maintenance of Health Benefits
Job and Benefits Protection/Restoration
Notice and Certification
Illegal Acts
FMLA Case Examples
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As is the case with many federally-backed laws, the FMLA includes a number of items that are required by both parties. First, an employer is not allowed to "interfere with, or deny the existence of any right provided" by the FMLA. In addition, an employer is not allowed to "discharge or discriminate against any individual for opposing any practice or because of involvement in any proceeding related to FMLA," meaning that employers must adhere to all anti-discrimination laws within the United States."
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