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Modernizing a Tank Farm.
This paper discusses a project to modernize an existing tank farm located on a refinery premises in Singapore according to ISO 14000.
17,080 words (approx. 68.3 pages), 96 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains a project management study based on theoretical information from an extensive literature review in project management, the oil and gas industry and the laws and regulations of Singapore to select the best-practiced methods for tank farm management in the U.S. and U.K., which are suitable inferences to the requirements for tank farm management. The author points out that upgrading the tank farms is an important undertaking for any refinery wishing to improve their facilities and manage the risks of operating a highly risky industry because more stringent environmental regulations can help reduce many disasters and help companies focus their attention on areas that need improvements and changes. The paper stresses that every project is unique depending on the conditions that exist both within and out of the organization undertaking the project; therefore, upgrading a tank farm requires that the organization understand the final objectives of why the upgrade is essential and needed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Issue
Importance
Limitations
Definition of Terms
Assumptions
Review of Project Requirements
Creation of a Project Team for the Purpose of Modernizing the Tank
"FarmProject" Team Selection
Project Team Stages
Decision Styles and Team Leadership
Managing a Tank Farm and the Variables affecting the Management
Petroleum Storage Classification
Permit Requirements and Government Guidelines in Singapore
Problems associated with Tanks Used for Petroleum and Crude Oil Storage
Identification of the Work Scope and the Work Break Down Structure
Work Break Down Process
Planning and Scheduling
Estimation of Time, Cost and Labor
Request for Proposal Caveats, Quotations and Manner of Contract Awards
Scheduling and Milestone Achievements
Worker Performance and Productivity
Quality Control
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Singapore with a total area of 692.7 sq km is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. With well-defined trade and commerce in the region, the country has been able to rival the GDP of countries in the developed world. The Asian financial crisis of the 90's however hit the region negatively. Industries and businesses took some time in recovering from this market crash. Refineries were badly impacted due to the overcapacity that had been built into the process in anticipation of the economic boom of the 1990s in the region. The oil companies, Shell and Caltex have consolidated their operations in Singapore and many other refineries have also undertaken some form of restructuring in the region."
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Tank Technology, 2007.
This paper discusses the history and the technology of the tank and looks at its importance in modern warfare.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with modern warfare, the tank has become an integral part in the air-land doctrine which gives an attacking army an all-out capability of mopping up the battlefield after air and sea strikes. The writer notes that tanks enable opposing forces to minimize casualties and preserve its infantries from massive attrition, since armor-to-armor battle could already determine the victor in the modern battlefield by merely showing the armor strength. The writer concludes that there is no doubt that tanks are here to stay and with the advent of emerging information technologies, these armored beasts can be integrated with high technology giving it other strategic, operational and tactical roles its founding fathers never dreamed could happen.
From the Paper
"Warfare has been with humankind since the dawn of its existence. As cave dwellers, they relied on sticks and stones not only to hunt and forage for food but to battle threats from vicious beasts and rival groups. The discovery of fire and the ability to create it improve man's means sustenance by learning not only to cook the food hunted and gathered but by using fire to ward of interlopers or burn adversaries. As man improves his tools, his ways and means of hunting and fighting became more sophisticated and the distance covered by his weapons of choice went further. From the hand-launched spear, the bow and arrow, and slingshot was developed giving the man-hunter the opportunity to attack his prey at a distance without compromising his position or at the safety of his hide."
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Storage Tanks, 2004.
An analysis of two types of tanks used for storage of liquids, above-ground storage tanks (AST) and underground storage tanks (UST), with a focus on the need for maintenance.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the maintenance required for the upkeep of liquid storage tanks. The paper explains that these tanks need to be inspected, repaired, and tested prior to usage. In the U.S. for example, the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with the American Petroleum Institute (API), determine the guidelines by which tank farms have to be managed. The paper contends that fear of leaks and contamination of the ground water and the subsequent ground water, oil clean-up has resulted in the creation of extensive and detailed guidelines by which these tanks have to be maintained to prevent any failures.
From the Paper
"Ever since crude oil was first successfully drilled in the U.S. in Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859, the demand for oil has only been increasing over the years in countries all over the world. (Camden, 1883) Crude oil is not used in the extracted form; but it is refined to obtained products such as gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, kerosene, gas-oil and fuel oil. Secondary products during the purification of crude oil are obtained are lubricants, asphalt, perfumes and insecticides. There are, approximately, more than 4,000 different petrochemical products obtained from refining of crude oil that have commercial value. All these products have to be stored for consumption. (DOE, 2000)"
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The Farm Service Agency, 2002.
An introduction to the Farm Service Agency, part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into the Farm Service Agency which was established in 1994, essentially as a continuation of the former Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS). It examines how the ASCS had long been administered by the Farmer's Home Administration (FmHA), a Depression-era agency which managed farm loans. It looks at how farm loan programs were created in response to well-established characteristics of agriculture-- the uncertainties of weather and other factors that influence crop prices, the need of farmers for operating loans and the tendency of farm commodities to come on the market all at one time (e.g., harvest time), with a resultant glut effect on prices.
Outline
Introduction
Overview of the Farm Service Agency
Mission of the FSA with Respect to Agriculture
Organization of the FSA
Sources of Loan Funds
Relationships to Funding Sources
Loans and Terms Offered
Purposes and Types of Loans
Example Loan Program
Amounts of Loans
Maturities of Loans
Repayment Terms
Loan Costs (Interest Rates, Fees, etc.)
Types of Loan Programs
What the Agriculture Industry Should Know about the FSA
The FSA in Oklahoma
References
From the Paper
"The FSA is organized into and administered through so-called County Offices, though each office may be responsible for several adjacent counties. Individual County Offices are staffed primarily by employees who formerly served in the ASCS. In addition, however, some offices have an Agricultural Loan Officer attached, or have regular scheduled appointment hours with a visiting Agricultural Loan Officer. The Southwest Farm Advisor (1999) online fact sheet recommends that borrowers try to work directly with the Agricultural Loan Officer, since the ex-ASCS staff members at County Offices "simply are not up to speed" on current loan procedures."
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New Deal Regulation and Farm Productivity, 2004.
This paper reviews Sally Clarke?s article, ?New Deal Regulation and the Revolution in American Farm Productivity,? which states that this regulation in the 1930s made possible the acquisition of labor-saving farm machinery.
725 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the New Deal eliminated earlier concerns and conflicts between safety and productivity. The author states that this article recognizes the roles of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) in the farmers? investment strategy and that the economic impact of government regulation interfered with market forces in ways that did not always benefit the economy of the country. The paper concludes, in terms of history, that the article shows that the past needs to be taken into account for both its successes and its failures, if things are to move forward in a significant way.
From the Paper
"Clarke makes several points to advance her argument. Firstly, she points out that high sales figures for tractors starting in World War I may be misleading, as they do not focus on the farmers who might potentially have bought tractors and did not. When calculating the relative number of farmers potentially benefiting from purchasing tractors, Clarke finds that fewer farmers in the Corn Belt than expected owned tractors in 1929. This advances the argument that economic factors led to reluctance to invest in new technology during this time. The author further reinforces the point by citing the farmers? tendency to protect assets due to the instability of commodity markets."
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The Economy of Orwell?s ?Animal Farm?, 2002.
An economic analysis of George Orwell's satirical novel "Animal Farm".
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
George Orwell wrote ?Animal Farm? as a political satire on Soviet communism. It relates the history of Soviet communism through the events on a farm actioned by the farm animals and the human beings they interact with. This paper explores the economic perspective of this novel, specifically what economic system operated on the farm, how this economic system operated and whom the system benefitted (or placed at a disadvantage). The paper shows that by studying the novel with these parameters in mind, one can obtain a comprehensive understanding of Orwell?s opinions on the economics of communism and totalitarianism.
From the Paper
"This leads into the second question of how this economy is sustained. In the beginning, when the animals rebel against their human master and institute Old Major?s utopia (Old Major died three days after he related his idea to the animals), each animal assumes a role within the community for the betterment of their entire animal society. Snowball (one of the pigs) takes on the role of primary educator and teaches the other animals to read regardless of what kind of animal they are. Napoleon educates a group of puppies on the merits of Animalism, the new doctrine as professed by Old Major and designed to guide the actions of the inhabitants of Animal Farm. Boxer, the cart-horse uses his strength and dedicated work ethic to contribute to the flourishing of the farm, adopting as his personal creed ?I will work harder.? "
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Protecting the Farm Industry, 2005.
Examines the policy of protectionism in the U.S. farm industry.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This work examines reasons for protecting the farm industry in the U.S. and researches the history, as well as the origin of protectionism in the farm industry. The paper questions who is protecting the farming industry and looks at the advantages, as well as the disadvantages. The paper also examines who is gaining and who is suffering from this policy.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Historical Information
Tariff Timeline
Protectionism: The Facts
Advantages of Protectionism
Disadvantages of Protectionism
Who Gains from Protectionism
Failing Farms - Hungry People
Saving Farms - Feeding the Hungry
Summary and Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Those gaining from protectionist laws are "special interest groups" such as big corporations, unions, farmer's groups and others who have political clout and money to back their interests in seeing laws favorable for them passed. These groups intend to get away with charging higher prices and getting higher wages than could normally be expected in a free market. According to Walter Black, Senior Economist, Fraser Institute, Canada, "Protectionism is a misnomer. The only people protected by tariffs, quotas and trade restriction are those engaged in uneconomic and wasteful activity. Free trade is the only philosophy compatible with international peace and prosperity.""
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The Farm Credit System Industry, 2005.
Research study on the serious problems in the Farm Credit System, the oldest government-sponsored enterprise in the U.S.
5,740 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
The research is intended as a way to fill the void of information regarding the efficacy and efficiency of a cooperative marketing effort in the farm credit industry. The paper begins with an overview of the purpose and function of the Farm Credit System. Next, in order to demonstrate the value of forming an in-house marketing and advertising service for the Farm Credit System as well as a unified and consistent marketing message for the system, the paper takes a look at how the System institutions currently acquire their marketing and advertising programs and materials, as well as the value they would place on a singular, one-stop organization for this material and unified theme for the Farm Credit System as a whole.
Lists of Figures
Executive Summary
Background Information
Organization of Study
Statement of Problem
Scope of Research
Limitations
Hypotheses
Literature Review
Data Collection and Methodology
Definitions
Purpose of Use
Questionnaires
Results
From the Paper
"With the growth in importance of marketing in business today, it should come as little surprise that there is increased interest on the part of the researcher. Upon initial researching of the topic, it was discovered that little to no research had been performed in the past regarding the efficacy and efficiency of a cooperative marketing effort in the Farm Credit industry. Although many studies have been performed regarding marketing effectiveness and efficiency, and although some have covered the benefits of cooperative marketing, none were found specific to the unique Farm Credit segment."
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Farm Subsidies, 2002.
This paper discusses an article on farm subsidies by David Hosansky in the "CQ Researcher."
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
A reaction to the Hosansky article on Farm Subsidies in the "CQ Researcher" which discusses the Farm Bill implemented by President Bush on May 13 2002. The author illustrates how although the report contained sufficient information on the issue, it had an inward-looking bias and did not adequately emphasize the global impact of the U.S. Farm Bill. Furthermore the report is said to lack an international perspective of the issue and does not take a clear-cut stand on the merits or demerits of Farm Subsidies.
From the Paper
"The signing into law of the US Farm Bill in May 2002 has serious and profound international implications. These effects have only been mentioned in passing by the author and have not been analyzed or explained in sufficient depth. For example, the subsidies that have been built into the Bill (a massive 70% hike over the current levels) would result in overproduction of such food products as corn, wheat, cotton, rice and soybeans. This would drive down the market prices of these commodities and create huge surpluses in the United States. These products would then be exported to the poor countries of the world where the farmers cannot possibly compete with such low prices."
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Competition Comes to the U.S. Farm Sector, 2002.
Discusses U.S. farm policies since the 1930s.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the focus, impact and consequences of U.S. farm policies. In particular, it examines the 1996 Farm Bill, policy changes instituted in 1985, and the 2002 Farm Act. The paper concludes with an analysis of the consequences, whether positive or negative, of the Freedom to Farm Act.
From the Paper
"The United States has always supported its farmers through a number of different policies. This policy has included programs designed to distribute the nation?s land in an equitable fashion, increase productivity, raising the standard of living of American farmers and helping them to market their products (Westcott and Price, 2001). US farm policy since the 1930s focused on price and income supports. Until the introduction of the 1996 Farm Bill, the price support system relied on a series of acreage limits and storage programs (Westcott and Price, 2001)."
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Migrant Farming, 2004.
This paper looks at the current state of migrant farming in the U.S. and California.
2,486 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The writer looks at the subject of migrant farm laborers in this article. The current state of migrant farming in the United States and California is discussed. The writer takes a general look at the migrant farm-working industry, paying particular attenion, with a specific focus on California.
From the Paper
"Migrant farm labor has been the seamy underside to American capitalism for centuries. However the size and color of the agricultural work force has changed over the past fifty years in the United States shifting from family and local community members to predominately Hispanic seasonal migrant workers. Since the Mexicans can be found picking citrus fruit in Florida, harvesting tobacco in North Carolina, collecting mushrooms in Pennsylvania, tending poultry in Maine, packing orchard crops in Washington, cleaning fish in Alaska and working in the slaughter houses in Iowa, while continuing their ... "
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Tank Warfare in World War II, 2002.
An examination of how tank warfare contributed to the success of WWII.
5,214 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper look at the way that tank warfare effected the outcome of WWII. It explains how World War II saw tanks as the primary means for overtaking enemy forces and how they were essential in fending off invaders, maintaining strongholds and even going on the offensive. The paper provides a detailed look at how this was done, different types of tanks used and how these effected specific battles.
From the Paper
"Tank warfare became so crucial during World War II, that armies began putting most of their time and effort into designing news ones, and figuring out different ways of employing. They evolved from being just a means of advancement and protection, to having a variety of different jobs. They served for reconnaissance, and they served as mobile invasion forces, and they even served as anti-aircraft weapons. Tanks were the premier weapon of the European theatre. It could be argued that they were eventually responsible for the outcome in Germany. Every ground success and defeat could directly be related to the performance of the tanks."
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Factory Farming, 2008.
An analysis of the negative effects of factory farming on the environment and the health of the general population.
918 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses factory farming, which is a relatively new way of producing food at a lower cost. The paper explains that the aims of factory farming is to produce as much meat in as little time as possible and as cheaply as possible. The paper then discusses the reasons that factory farming is having a profoundly negative effect on our environment and the health of the general population.
From the Paper
"Factory farming is an inhumane and environmentally reckless way to produce food. For years factory farming has been steadily evolving into larger and more concentrated operations. These operations pollute the areas around them making those areas uninhabitable to people while driving smaller family farms out of business. Lately there has also been new evidence linking the constant low doses of antibiotics the animals receive to new strains of multi-antibacterial resistant strains of bacteria and avian flu. As a result of factory farming Americans have cheaper more abundant access to food but at a very high cost, costs that have yet to be fully realized."
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Farm Welfare Program, 2003.
Examines the history of federal support for farming and its effectiveness.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of federal support for farming and analyzes how effective it has been. The historical and economic background of the current crisis in American farming is also examined. The paper looks at the impact of the Grange movement, the Dust Bowl catastrophe, poor farming and land management methods and federal subsidies to farmers.
From the Paper
"We tend to think of the current crisis faced by American farmers in which each year farmers are forced to leave a profession and a calling that their families have often practiced for generations sometimes ..."
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Factory Farming, 2007.
This paper argues that factory farming is immoral and should not be continued in the United States.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "factory farming" is a commonly used term in the agricultural business, which is associated with the mass production of goods such as meat, eggs, milk and other related products. The author points out that this new assembly line style of farming may produce exceptional revenue and profit for farmers but it comes at a great cost to the animals, the environment and most of all to the consumers. The paper relates that factory farming creates conditions that spread diseases, which can transfer to humans such as pfiesteria from fish. The paper includes several quotations.
From the Paper
"Secondly, factory farms are producing meat so that we won't grow hungry, although the quality of the meat and the production process is slowly killing us and the environment. Producing and cramming massive numbers of animals into these small factory farm warehouses causes' disease and pollution. "Alberta's Feedlot Alley, which produces untreated waste from 1.3 million animals that is the sewage equivalent for a population of eight million people [...]" This sewage is damaging fertile soil used for planting and the condition of water that sustains life."
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