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Women's Experience in Modern East Asian Literature, 2008. An analysis of women's subjective experience in modern East Asian literature, particularly in Japan. 1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how, in Japan, women's literature since the late 19th century, has had particular forms expected whereby the woman who writes from her heart and reports details of life is seen as less significant than the woman whose work somehow complies with established traditions of form, subject and genre. The paper provides examples from East Asian literature to support its arguments.
From the Paper "It is as though women's subjectivity, in their authentic expression, must crack through barriers of slightly different kinds, as both societies need to take on a new understanding of how women fit into literature and ideas. In the meantime, a wise approach is one of reading Chinese or Japanese works by women as direct accounts, trying to put aside preceding forms, concentrating on what the writer is trying to convey, more than the nature of her environment or the social or political environment. One knows that the women, not the Chinese outlook or the Japanese society's sexism, will be seen as problematic, as is well understood by women writers in both countries. Whatever appears will be assessed in relation to how well it fits with a tradition to have gone before and with criticism likely of that which diverges. Many things have not been good about women's experience in modern China or Japan at different times or in particular situations. At the same time, many things have been appreciable, as needs to be kept in mind by non-East Asian readers who may be quick to criticize the societies described or the condition or women within them. It is tremendously important that women in both China and Japan be encouraged to express themselves, as individuals, so that women's literature in both countries can be seen for its different vantage points and ideas."
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Asian-American Literature, 2004. This paper reviews Asian-American history and provides a course outline for incorporating Asian-American literature studies into middle-school or high-school coursework. 2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that Asian-American literature, which has grown considerably over the last several decades, is considered one of the subdivisions of multicultural literature. The author points out that scholarly and popular interest in Asian-American literature is of recent vintage, having found its direct roots in student activism at San Francisco State and the University of California, Berkeley in the late 1960s, which resulted in the creation of interdisciplinary ethnic studies programs; today, courses in Asian-American literature are common throughout U.S. higher education. The paper relates that Asian-American literature is an oft-contested field due to the wide variety of cultures and backgrounds in the Asian-Americans culture; however, this variety of backgrounds has given rise to writings reflective of cross-generational concerns and styles.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Course Outline
Course Abstract
Fiction
Group Project
Single Project
Survey
Conclusion
From the Paper "When considering the history of Asian-American literature, it is necessary to also look at the history of those who came to the United States since its formation. In reviewing the Asian-American literature, it is also important to note the history of Asian immigration to the United States. The Chinese first started immigrating to the United States during the mid- to late-1860s, as part of the gold rush. They provided cheap labor for farms and the transcontinental railroad. Other Asian groups joined them during this same time to work in the Hawaiian sugar plantations or California farm fields. The Asians were recognized as second-class citizens from their very first days in the country. However, they still had to contribute 50 percent of the taxes collected in California between 1850 and 1870 because of the Foreign Miners Tax of 1850. Other discriminatory events included the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1885, which initiated a ban on Chinese immigration."
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Asian Literature, 2004. A review of the book, "Reading Asian-American Literature" by Sau-ling Cynthia Wong. 974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the idea of a racial shadow as is described in the book, "Reading Asian-American Literature" by Sau-ling Cynthia Wong. The paper examines Wong's opinion that many Asian-Americans are pulled in two directions at once and thus have a psychological, bipolar split. This desire to blend into the American culture is common in many Asian-American literary works, and the paper presents examples from a few of them.
From the Paper "Wong uses the term Doppleganger, which is a derivation of the German 'double walker,' a spiritual double or matching part of a living person. It is believed by many people that somewhere on this planet everyone has an identical unrelated double. Sometimes the Dopplegangers have the same interests and behaviors; other times, the two are in direct opposition to one another. If they should meet, says the myth, they will both die. The authors and characters in the above-mentioned Asian-American novels, who have both beings or Dopplegangers living within the same body, are especially affected. They cannot hope to forever stay clear of their double and get on with life. The double or racial shadows will live internally and either be a source of strength and support or of weakness and destruction depending on how the other handles the duality."
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Asian-American Literature, 2007. Discussion of the common themes in works written by Asian-Americans. 1,671 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95 »
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Abstract This paper attempts to construct a definition of an Asian-American writer through the common themes in their literary works. Several examples of Asian-American novels are presented and analyzed for their shared themes such as alienation and family. These works include Eric Liu's "The Accidental Asian," "The Interpreter" by Suki Kim and "No-No Boy," by John Okada. The author concludes that the themes of self-doubt and estrangement make reading 'Asian-American' literature an enriching, complex experience.
From the Paper "This theme of internal estrangement becomes a metaphorical plot device in The Interpreter by Suki Kim. The protagonist of the novel has two murdered parents. The young woman is a both a literal and figurative orphan of her home, her original Korean culture, and cast adrift in America. If she can find their murderers, Suzy hopes, she will gain a sense of identity and a greater affinity with her national past. However, her pursuit of justice only drives her deeper into psychological turmoil and a sense of displacement, as she seeks her parent's murderers in vain in the Korean-American underworld of New York City."
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"God's Dust: A Modern Asian Journey" by Ian Buruma, 1994. A critical review of the work exploring the effects of Westernization and development on eight Asian nations and the difference between the village and the city. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 63.95 »
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From the Paper "Ian Buruma's God's Dust: A Modern Asian Journey is an exploration of the effects of Westernization and development on eight nations of Asia. Buruma uses the differences between "the village" and "the city" to symbolize the effects of Western development and progress (mainly in the city) on the native culture (mainly represented by the village). The basic question of the book is "What happens to people when the loyalties and traditions of the village break down and are replaced by the complexities of the modern world [as symbolized by the City]"? (xii). In general, Buruma believes that development, progress, and political change (especially change leading toward democracy) have had balanced results in these Asian nations. He writes of the despair of one Thai woman with respect to Westernization and the resultant "loss of traditional values, the destruction of the..."
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Modern Asian Literature, 2008. This paper compares the role of the narrator in Li Xiao's "Grass on the Rooftop" and Kim Yisosk's "The Cuckoo". 1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that both Li Xiao's "Grass on the Rooftop" and Kim Yisosk's "The Cuckoo" feature societies somehow marred by convoluted problems, which a narrator addresses as the story progresses. The author points out that, in "The Cuckoo", the narrator suggests that the fault may lie with the exploitative Americans; however, in "Grass on the Rooftop", the fault seems to lie with the communist agenda itself. The paper stresses that, regardless of where exactly the fault lies, an objective assessment by the narrator reveals that the individual is not responsible for the flaws of his or her society. The author underscores that the distance between the narrator and other characters provides sufficient room for the narrator to make objective assessments of the characters. The paper suggests that, in both stories, the ultimate significance of the individual is diminished in comparison to larger group forces.
From the Paper "In "Grass on the Rooftop," nearly all of the major characters in the book comply with no determined protest against the communist agenda. Furthermore, they offer no resistance because it is ultimately advantageous for them to do so. For instance, though the students from Shanghai briefly argue over whether or not they can fabricate details in a report regarding his supposed rescue of a Chairman Mao portrait, the argument terminates quickly because it is expected of them to provide a usable statement to the reporter and because they may simultaneously satisfy their own feelings on the matter."
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Architecture: Modernism, Pre-Modernism and Post-Modernism, 2002. A discussion of the different movements - pre-modernism, modernism and post-modernism - in architectural history and how each one differs from the other. 2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95 »
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Abstract A paper which discusses the different movements in architectural history and compares the differences between them. The paper shows how among these movements, modernism is the most popular and how it has influenced art and architecture in the United States and Europe. It shows, on the other hand, that pre-modernism is a less popular era in which architecture was influenced by the industrial age and its need for order and precision, and that Post-modernism was the movement that followed modernism and contains elements of both classicism and modernism.
From the Paper "During the modernism movement, architects started using steel and iron more in their designs and they also started focusing on functional designs. Apart from the use of steel and iron, concrete was also brought back to the architectural world. It is important to know here that concrete is one thing that sets late 19th century buildings from pre-modernism architectural designs. While concrete was first used by the Romans in 5 B.C., it was later taken over by other materials such as marble, stone, brick etc. Modernists are responsible for the revival of concrete in architecture."
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Literature Review: Five Articles on the Topic of the Determinants of Academic Success in Asian and other Visible Minority Children, 2002. This literature review will examine five scholarly articles focusing on the topic of the determinants of academic success in Asian and other visible minority children. 3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 142.95 »
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Abstract This literature review will examine five scholarly articles focusing on the topic of the determinants of academic success in Asian and other visible minority children. The primary subjects in each studies are children of Asian ethnicity, with children of other ethnic backgrounds selected as controls or comparisons. The five articles were chosen from the existing body of literature on the basis of a brief review which noted points of similarity and contrast in each.
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Gender and Ethnic Identity in Asian American Film and Literature, 2002. A look at the issues of gender and ethnic identity in Asian American film and literature through the review of the films " Double Happiness" and "The Wedding Banquet" and Maxine Hong Kingston's novel " The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghost 2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95 »
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Abstract This essay looks at the issues of gender and ethnic identity in two films and one novel, Double Happiness, The Wedding Banquet, and Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. These works provide the framework from which a reconsideration of ethnic and gender identity can take place. In these works, this reconsideration of identity centers on balancing old structures of identity with new experience and searching for a potential empowerment and confluence in the balancing the formation of a new identity.
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"A Look at Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies", 2005. An analysis of European colonialism as interpreted in the book "A Look at Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies." 675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract The following paper looks at the impact of European colonialism upon its own self-identity and upon its place in the world by reviewing a text entitled, :Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies.: While the reading glosses over the impact of the Europeans upon the indigenous peoples they were displacing, it does offer some interesting insights into how overseas adventurism changed European cartography and self-identification.
From the Paper "As much as Western imperial powers may wish otherwise, there can be little doubt that colonialism inflicted great harm upon many indigenous peoples the world over. Of all the many depredations that can be laid at the feet of colonial activity, one of the most pernicious was - and remains - population displacement. Among other things, this paper will examine the extent to which population displacement is treated in Modernity: an Introduction to Modern Societies. As will soon become evident, the paper refers to the issue of population displacement only obliquely while focusing far more upon the impact of Western expansion and colonialism upon western self-identity. "
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From Modernism to Post-Modernism, 2005. Describes the theories of four major thinkers of the modern and post-modern era, including Weber, Durkheim, Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz. 1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95 »
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Abstract This paper summarizes the theories of these thinkers on the role of the individual and his/her relationship to the community. In conclusion, the author states that the thinking of Victor Turner is the most accurate and convincing.
From the Paper "Two thinkers -- Max Weber and Emile Durkheim -- were late modernist thinkers who developed theories about the relation of the individual to society. Their theories were appropriate to the industrial societies in which they lived. With the end of World War Two and the rise of the post-modern period, however, different ways of conceiving of the individual and society arose that sought to break with modernist thinking, including the thought of Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner."
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Modernism and Post-Modernism, 2002. A discussion of the the study of film as a post-modern event. 1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95 »
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Abstract Discusses the study of film as a post-modern event. Defines the aesthetic values & dynamics of modernism and post-modernism. Post-Modernism as a cultural, aesthetic & historical issue. Structuralist thinking. Development of post-modern material and fragmented surface style in film. Examples: CONTEMPT, RESEVOIR DOGS, PULP FICTION.
From the Paper "Movements in artistic expression often occur spontaneously and are then given a name to identify a perceived trend. This is clearly the case with reference to both modernism and postmodernism, and the very fact that we have seen a need to find a name for the changed environment after 1960 shows that postmodernism exists in some degree--it exists because we have named it, but that does not make it any more a coherent or "intentional" movement than was modernism. In film terms, postmodernism primarily shows a certain weariness with modernism rather than a drive to something clearly new. The elevation of film to a subject for study is itself a postmodern event, signaling as it does the end of the modernist division into High and Low culture. The increasingly self-reflexive nature of modern film along with the elevation of style over substance are..."
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Post-Modern Rebellion Against Modernism, 2004. A comparison of Jackson Pollock's and Andy Warhol's art. 1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95 »
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Abstract This paper talks about, not only the significance of modernism and postmodernism, but also characteristics of both artists, Pollock and Warhol, along with their artworks.
From the Paper "An art-historical comparison of Jackson Pollock and Andy Warhol, two of the most celebrated artists of the mid to late twentieth century, is significant in demonstrating a shift from modernism to postmodernism. Pollock is represented as an ultimate expression of modernism and the embodiment of ambition for liberation in the 1950's. His drip paintings, which eliminated subject matter as essential , paved the way for modernist artists to take apart the foundations of all that was special in previous art making and abandon beauty as an ideal. Because of the significance of his work, modernism couldn't have gone as far without Pollock. The era of modernism, however, came to an end in 1964 according to Arthur Danto who stated that Warhol's art, especially his Brillo Boxes, marked its end. At the same time, as this work also implies the beginning of postmodernism, which is derived from modernist beliefs and attitudes, it is the art world with diverse aesthetic forms that broke with modernism. As a postmodernist and the enigmatic homosexual superstar of Pop Art, Warhol, adopted media, popular culture, and reproduction to rebel against the characteristics of modernism which Pollock's work and attitude toward art represented. By looking at two particular paintings, Pollock's Lucifer (1947) and Warhol's Triple Elvis (1961), we are able to bring out not only the differentiation of their personas and attitudes toward their art, but also the issues of Warhol's rebellion against modernist including Pollock."
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Modern Technology and Modern Malaise, 2002. A look at the impact of information and communication technologies on society. 2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 106.95 »
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Abstract This paper is a discussion of information and communication technologies, and the effect of alienation that new technologies have on society. In this paper, technologies and social realms are described as integrated relationships. The impact of new innovations in digital and communication technologies is, in this essay, one of increased malaise and indifference within the social venue of these technologies. Technologies are changing so rapidly that the possibility of a social or global influence in the development of technology is eclipsed by the larger investment in change, not progress.
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Chinese-American Literature, 2002. An examination of contemporary Chinese-American literature and the common characteristics of this form of literature. 4,508 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 117.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the nature of modern literature written by Chinese-American authors. It analyzes common themes and trends in this literature style. Works examined include Eric Liu's "The Accidental Asian" and Maxine Hong Kingston's "The Woman Warrior". It also looks at Lisa See's "On Gold Mountain" and Amy Tan's novel "The Joy Luck Club". The paper discusses issues such as the language style used in these novels and common themes.
From the Paper "A substantial body of Chinese American writing emerged in the 1970s and the flow of novels, stories, poems, family histories and memoirs has grown steadily ever since. Although there is great variety among these (mostly) second-generation writers the predominant focus of their work has been on questions that have evolved around the phenomenon of being Asian in America. The majority of these writers have forgotten most of their Chinese, never having learned it much beyond their pre-school years, and they write about the difficulty of balancing on the biracial, bicultural cusp between the old-world ways of their parents and their own lives as speakers of American English functioning in a culture that was, and often remains, entirely foreign to their parents. As these American-born Chinese (ABCs) attempt to assess their own place in a nation where they constitute a very small percentage of a population that is sometimes hostile toward them they are also, like most immigrants' children, compelled to wonder about the culture from which they came. The dilemma of their own "Chineseness" is the question underlying all the works discussed here. But there are nearly as many ways of approaching the question as there are writers. The present discussion of various kinds of literary production by a number of contemporary Chinese-American writers will, therefore, concentrate on why writers chose particular forms, how these approaches facilitate the questions they want to ask, and what answers they have found to the essential question of what it means to be "Chinese" in America."
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