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The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Missions to Mars, 2003.
Examines the justifications for the development of intelligent autonomous systems in space missions to Mars.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
Intelligent systems are becoming increasingly important in deep space missions, especially missions to Mars. This paper covers three intelligent technologies: (1) The intelligent space ship 'Deep Space One' and its autonomous navigation system; (2) The Mars global surveyor and the deep space terminal and (3) The 'Sojourner' and Rocky 7 and 8 rovers.
The paper includes illustrations.
From the Paper
"Deep Space One marked the first mission of NASA's New Millennium Program which is aimed at testing highly advanced technologies for low-cost planetary missions [3]. The key component being tested by the mission was its AutoNav system. AutoNav is made up of three main tools: the Nav Main (simply Nav), the Nav Executive (NavExec) and the Nav Real-Time (NavRT). Nav and NavRT have architectures very similar to those of expert systems where decisions are based on algorithms built on sets of well defined rules. As well its decisions are supported by information gathered autonomously. In that respect it is very similar to the path planning software used in planetary rovers, which will be discussed later."
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Mission To Mars, 1997.
Discusses the underlying questions surrounding a manned mission to Mars. Examines whether there is sufficient technology in existence, what kinds of data can be expected, what sorts of problems can be anticipated and whether it is important.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"Manned Mission to Mars
Ever since the Sojourner began sending back video images from Mars, a renewed interest in the possibility of a manned mission to Mars has occurred. Such a plan as a mission to Mars raises all sorts of scientific, technical, and philosophical questions that this analysis will attempt to deal with. The main questions covered will be: 1) is there sufficient technology right now to handle such a mission? 2) is it important? 3) what kinds of data can it be expected will be returned? and 4) what are the problems of such a mission?
Is Technology Available
According the best data available, a manned mission to Mars is conceivable using the current technology resources available."
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Manned Mars Missions, 2002.
A review of manned missions to Mars.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page graduate-level paper examines and analyzes manned missions to Mars, and concludes that sending human crews to explore our neighboring planet would not be a wise choice at this time. There are better alternatives, such as establishing a commercial presence in near-earth orbit and the Moon, and exploring Mars with unmanned probes.
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Mars: A Mission for the Human Race, 2004.
A discussion on the reasons for exploring Mars as a possible planet for sustaining human life.
2,463 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Red Planet which has fascinated astronomers from early days. The paper states that as we began more missions to Mars we gained a greater understanding of our solar system. President George W. Bush has announced plans to send humans to Mars. The paper discusses the various missions to the planet and the possibility of living on Mars. The paper states that if we look into the future, we will see that soon we will run out of resources, and will be forced to stray from earth in order to survive. The paper further suggests that the best way to do this would be to colonize Mars as an important aspect of our survival, and we should now start to take steps toward a new frontier of life, off into the vast extreme of space.
From the Paper
"The cost to send manned missions will be much higher than any ever before perceived, but we will soon find out that these missions will become necessary parts of the survival of our species. If we really want to get our money's worth, we must send humans to Mars instead of just robots. Robots can only do so much. For example, a robot must collect data, send it back to Earth, be analyzed by a team of scientists twenty minutes later, then receive the information regarding the path it should take for the next five feet another twenty minutes later. Thankfully, we do not need to be so meticulous in navigating the humans we send to Mars. These people can find their own way around, without the help or need of a computer, or a team of expert scientists twenty light minutes away. With a working system of spacecraft, we would be able to ferry people from planet to planet, always keeping a group of people on Mars. This way we could always be working there, not just a chunk of three months every two years. In this manner, manned missions to Mars would prove to be much more effective than the alternative of robotic missions conducting experiments for limited amounts of time. We shouldn't necessarily be concerned with the effects of ourselves on the planet, but with the effects of ourselves on our own species."
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Mars Pathfinder, 2004.
An overview of the 1996 Mars Pathfinder mission.
5,162 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a mission overview of the Mars Pathfinder mission ,launched in December 1996 as part of an ongoing series of Mars missions to prepare for the landing of a man on the 'red planet' in the next century. It gives a brief mission summary, followed by a scientific description focusing on how Pathfinder made it to Mars and how it surveyed Mars's atmosphere and Mars's surface. It looks at how Mars Pathfinder was not only a huge scientific success, but also gave the public, via Internet, the opportunity to participate at a space mission at a level never experienced before.
Outline
Title
Abstract
Chapter
Introduction
Mission Summary
Science Description
Spacecraft Description
Development and Manufacturing Structure
Launch Vehicle
Mission Costs
Summary
From the Paper
"On December 4, 1996 the pathfinder mission was launched on a Delta II-7925 launch vehicle out of Cape Canaveral Air Station. After 211 days in space and a distance traveled of almost 300 million miles the spacecraft landed on July 4, 1997 at its destination (DLR, 2003). In order to fine-tune the flight path a series of four-trajectory correction maneuvers (TCMs) were performed throughout the journey. NASA used the Deep Space Network (DSN) for tracking, telemetry, and command operations. DSN is an international network of antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions by using giant dish antennas (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2004)."
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Mars Global Surveyor, 2001.
Nature, function & purpose of Mars Observer mission. NASA timeline. Instrumentation. Outline.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The Mars Global Surveyor is an American spacecraft which went into orbit around Mars on September 12, 1997 to conduct a detailed photographic survey of the planet beginning in March 1998. The spacecraft used a formerly untried technique called aerobraking to turn its initially highly elongated orbit into a circular orbit by dipping into the outer atmosphere of the planet. This was a $273 million project that began sending important data about the planet's surface at a quarter of the cost of the Mars Observer mission, which had failed in 1993 (Lawler, 2000).
Mars has long been a particular goal for space exploration. The planet has excited the human imagination, perhaps because of the many literary and dramatic works that suggested civilizations on Mars, and certainly because of the long-ago.."
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The Case for Water on Mars, 2002.
Scientific analysis of some of the evidence pointing to the existence of water on Mars.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the Viking landing missions on Mars twenty years ago and their tests for biological processes on the Martian surface. It looks at how a recent series of orbiting Martian missions has yielded a good deal of chemical and geographic observations from afar. The most exciting possibilities have come from the analysis and interpretation of Martian surface formations seen by these missions. The paper includes a detailed description of these formations such as outflow channels, seepage gullies and several others. In further searches for definitive findings, several missions in the near future will land on Mars and hopefully provide the best data yet. This paper details some of the discoveries made to date, the strongest arguments for water on Mars and what the future holds for Martian exploration.
From the Paper
"The thought of life on Mars has intrigued humans for centuries. As Martian astronomy has made incredible leaps in the past 100 years and many spectacular discoveries have been made, we are still not sure if life does or has ever existed on Mars. Over the last thirty years, as our knowledge of biological functions has increased, scientists have focused more and more on the existence of liquid water as the biggest single indicator of possible life. To that end, much work and controversy has surrounded man?s efforts to find evidence of that all important ingredient for the development of life on Mars."
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Life on Mars, 2002.
Looks at the probability of the existence of life on Mars based on scientific evidence.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the recent interest in life on Mars. Since the discovery of an asteroid of Martian origins with potentially organic fossils in it in the Antarctic in 1996, this theory has been revived. Scientists now cast doubt on this theory but five missions to Mars are still planned for 2003.
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Life on Mars, 2002.
A discussion of whether there is life on the planet Mars.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at literary and scientific documentation to assess whether the possibility exists that there is both life and an existing civilization in Mars and whether Mars is able to support human (or at least similar to the elements needed to support human living) life.
Outline
Introduction
Graham Hancock?s ?The Mars Mystery?
Summary of Scientific Speculations
List of Similarities between Mars and Earth
Evidence Supporting Life on Mars
Physical Structure and Composition of Mars
Chemical, Biological and Atmospheric Composition of Mars
Life is Possible on Mars
Civilization Existed on Mars
Space Missions and Probes
Space Mission/Programs Funded by Various Nations
Disqualification of Claims of Civilization on Mars
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These space probes and explorations about Mars brought about numerous information and even pictures of the planet?s surface. However, it is difficult to obtain quality shots of the planet?s surface because of its distance from the Earth, and accuracy and precision was sacrificed when information brought by these probes came into existence and knowledge of scientists and astronomers. One speculation that resulted from these studies and explorations is that aside from the possibility that Mars is capable of cultivating human life, there has been evidence supporting some scientists? claim that there existed a form of civilization in Mars."
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Mars Pathfinder, 1999.
Examines the mission's success, purpose, cost, findings, technology, Sojourner rover and its future impact.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The Mars Pathfinder Mission was an extremely successful venture, which has boosted the NASA Discovery Program and planet exploration in general. The data collected delivered some interesting surprises, but has contributed to our knowledge about the planet Mars and created basis for further study.
From the Paper
"Mars Pathfinder - Generating Useful Data and Goodwill
The Mars Pathfinder Mission was an extremely successful venture, which has boosted the NASA Discovery Program and planet exploration in general. The data collected delivered some interesting surprises, but has contributed to our knowledge about the planet Mars and created basis for further study.
The Mars Pathfinder mission was the second launch in the NASA Discovery Program. Missions falling under this umbrella are of short duration, three years or less, and relatively low cost at 150 million dollars. The specific mission of the Mars Pathfinder was primarily to provide an engineering demonstration of the key technologies and concepts which will eventually be used in future missions. The mission was to demonstrate a low-..."
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Baptist Missions, 2005.
A brief history of Baptist missions.
2,324 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Baptists are still at the forefront of missions work and how faith missions, small missionary outposts without affiliation to a larger missions group, are often staffed by Baptist missionaries. These faith missions have an enduring quality and steady growth. They also are among the first to employ creative new ways of spreading the Gospel. It looks at how the history of Baptist missions is littered with the names of brave men and women following the call of God into areas of the world far from home, devoid of all creature comforts.
Outline:
Introduction
William Carey
American Missions
The Judsons
Back in America
Pioneer African American Missionaries
Women and Missions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After forming the Baptist Missionary Society, Carey and his family became foreign missionaries themselves. They set sail for India on June 13, 1793. When he and his family arrived, they found a rather hostile reception from the country that was controlled by the East India Company. The East India Company did not look kindly on missionaries. After seven years of faithful service, Carey baptized his first Hindu convert, Krishna Pal. William Carey dealt with all sorts of hurdles, one of the largest being his wife. Initially she was opposed to the idea of even going to India. At the last moment, she changed her mind. Never fond of the mission field to begin with, she went insane when her five-year-old son died. She raved like a lunatic during her last years on earth, complicating her husband's job immensely. Mrs. Carey, in her state of delusion, was convinced that her husband was cheating on her and would tell anyone who would listen. "
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Religious and Economic Missions, 2005.
This paper discusses European religious and economic missions in the 17th and 18th centuries as depicted in Shuzaku Endo's book "Silence" (1969) and Rolfe Joffe's film "The Mission" (1986).
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both Shuzaku Endo's novel "Silence" and Rolfe Joffe's film "The Mission" suggest that European trade and religion, which had seriously conflicting objectives, came into contact with the peoples of Japan and the Americas respectively. The author points out that these forces, including those of the Catholic Church, were disruptive and invasive; however, in the film "The Mission", the Catholic Church was shown as bringing about some tangible benefits in terms of shelter and safety to the indigenous peoples they sought to convert. The paper relates that, on the other hand, in "Silence", the Portuguese missionaries and those who had come before them, seriously misunderstood the inherent reasons for the non-acceptance of Christianity by the Japanese.
From the Paper
"This is a far different sort of opening than Roland Joffe's film "The Mission", in which we see, first-hand, the enormous initial fear in the Colombian Indians' eyes when the first of the Jesuits arrives, but then, subsequently, how the Indians come to trust and even love the Jesuits. In this region, the Jesuits eventually come to represent a benevolent force against the Portuguese and Spanish tradesmen who would hunt and capture the Indians, and sell them for slaves. "The Mission" explicitly contrasts the conflicting interests of the Jesuits and the other European groups of tradesmen who come to the area, and shows how the Jesuits sought to convert, but also to protect the lives of the Indians of Colombia, while the tradesmen who hunted them sought only to exploit them for profit."
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Mars: An Evolving World, 2005.
An examination of the planet Mars as an object of our fascination, both past and present.
3,479 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of human observation of Mars, as well as the modern system of exploration and observation. The paper goes on to establish promotions and objections of future human development of Mars, as it would be accomplished through a process of terraforming.
Outline:
Physical Characteristics
History of Observation of Mars
Modern Martian Exploration
The 'Life on Mars' Debate
The Moons of Mars
Martian Geology
Terraforming Mars
From the Paper
"Mars, Ares, Tiw, the god of war; the red planet has been revered as the bringer or bloodshed with its red color in the sky, like the color of blood. The planet adjacent to Earth has been an object of mystery and wonder from the time the first human turned his head skyward, to the time when the first telescope was used to observe Mars and its mysterious "canals," to the present day, as humans continue to send spacecraft to the red planet to expand on existing knowledge."
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Global Perspectives on Ministry and Mission, 2006.
An in depth study to decipher what is God's mission from the prespective of Christians only. It is a religiously biased paper.
11,158 words (approx. 44.6 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 219.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author hypothesizes on the extent and context of God's mission, asking God's mission is and what He is doing in His world? The author then goes on to discuss the Christian's mission mandate and if it comes out of an understanding of what God is doing in His world,and where it leads to. The author goes into depth about the idea of Christians being God's ambassadors.
Introduction
God's Redemption Plan
Globalization
Majority World Church
Insights and Evaluation of this Course
Toward a Concise Definition of Covenant Theology
From the Paper
"Over the dispensation of time, mankind has developed and matured, nation has risen and fallen and knowledge has significantly increased but the Abrahamic Covenant through Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit remains as the ultimate intention of God. What does this mean to us where globalization dominants this new world order? Are our methods today the same today as they were doing biblical days? Well, the message does not change but the methodology might change based on the circumstance."
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Apollo 7 and 8 Space Missions, 2003.
An analysis of the effect of the Apollo 7 and 8 missions to America's standing in the space race.
2,629 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Apollo 7 and Apollo 8 space missions and their overall effect on the United States' space race. It looks at the history behind the space race and climate in the United States at the time that the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) was first developing these missions. The paper concludes that these missions helped to revive American interest and motivate the public's support for NASA, as well as helped America to take a definite lead in the space race against the Soviets.
From the Paper
"Remembering the Apollo 8 mission, William Anders stated, "The biggest surprise of the mission was to see the first Earthrise over the moon and to realize that the Earth was even more interesting than the moon. I consider the moon voyages a technical feat, a political feat." Apollo 8 was indeed both of these. The Apollo 7 and 8 missions were vital ingredients in the overall victory for America in the space race. They helped to revive American interest and motivate the public's support for NASA. They also helped America to take a definite lead in the space race against the Soviets and use this momentum to continue to the moon. Lastly, they helped to prove that the moon was a feasible goal, and that Kennedy's idea of putting a man on the moon before the decade was out was more than possible."
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