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Middle Eastern Societies, 2002.
This paper discusses gender issues in Middle Eastern Societies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at women in Middle Eastern Societies, and gender issues in Islam. A particular focus in on the symbolism of the veil in Islam. The author discusses the topic by examining some of the literature, and notes that a recent resurgence of fundamentalist rule in some countries has brought women?s rights to the forefront of social debate.
From the Paper
"In almost any modern social environment, not dictated by the standards and restrictions associated with a non-secular institution it is difficult for most people, not just women to imagine living life behind the screen of a veil. Though it may seem that this is true only of western states that is just not the case. The reality of the fundamentalist resurgence of the legalism of the Islamic religion is also a shock in locations much closer to the heat of the matter. Many Middle Eastern and North African countries have enjoyed relative freedom from non-secular rule, in some cases as long as they have been post-colonial, independent nations."
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Blood Feud in Middle Eastern Societies, 2004.
A look at the history of blood feuds and cultural elements that encourage the practice.
2,881 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a close look at the practice of blood feuds, as well as the reasons they have survived throughout so many centuries. The paper suggests that such an analysis is an integral part of finding a solution to the practice. A complete outline of the paper is included, as well as an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Cultures which practice and teach their male generations the blood feud tradition define it as a "code of honour" (Weaver). Its supporters, or those who practice and believe in the ethics and morality of the blood feud tradition, view it as a form of absolute justice based on the right of the insulted or injured individual to obtain revenge from the person who injured or insulted him. In cases where injury leads to death, the blood feud system states that the murdered person's family must obtain justice through the killing of the murderer, or his next closest male relative ("Weaver). These definitions for the blood feud, and brief explanation of the system appear to demonstrate that it is based on revenge, not justice. Even more importantly, the practice of the blood feud, known as tacr in Arabic, begel in Ethiopia, and vendetta in Europe, defies laws and pushes societies into an ancient time of uncivilized and violent behaviour that does not respect human life, or even recognize the difference between guilt and innocence. As many Egyptians know, the blood feud tradition makes victims out of innocent people, and criminals out of young children. This is because, from a very young age, a male child whose family is involved in a blood feud is trained to hate the rival family, and to kill a member of it as soon as he is old enough to hold, and aim, a rifle. Upper Egyptians view this practice as an honorable one, thinking it an unacceptable sign of weakness, of lack of manhood, to wait for the law and the justice system to punish whomever has committed a crime against them. Urban Egyptians, however, take a more negative view of the practice, seeing it as an unacceptable disrespect of law and order, and for the rights of innocent people to live in safety and security without the constant fear of being murdered. Although it is easy to dismiss the blood feud system as a senseless and immoral one that has no place in modern or civilized society, the real problem is that its practicers do not view it in this negative way but as a matter of honour, pride and morality, further viewing the laws which make the practice illegal as illegitimate laws that must not be obeyed. As one Corsican saying says about the relationship between the blood feud, masculinity and the law, "Before the law made us citizens, great Nature made us men" (qtd. in Weaver). This saying truly summarizes the attitude towards the 'honorable' practice of blood feud in many societies that practice it, from Africa to Europe. An analysis of the blood feud system, the beliefs and traditions that are supporting it, and its consequence will demonstrate that it is a destructive practice that has to be eliminated for the protection of civilized society and the whole system of law and order. Although the blood feud system and tradition are deeply embedded in some cultures, it is necessary to achieve its elimination through laws and the re-education of males towards rejection of the practice, so as to save society and liberate its men."
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Influence of War on Middle Eastern Society, 2000.
This paper discusses the domestic effects of war on three countries, Israel, Syria and Egypt.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper contrasts and compares the effects of three different wars, on three different countries in the Middle East. The reasons for Egypt, Israel and Syria's decisions to go to war at different times in the last century are discussed, and then analysed to show how this decision affected the political and economic futures of the individual countries, and the region as a whole.
From the paper:
"The Yom Kippur War thus fundamentally changed Syrian society, militarizing its government, just as the Six-Day War divided and energized Israel and World War II wove the foundations of socialism into Egypt. That these changes depended upon the presence of war is not a definitive fact, but their essential contribution to the development of these nations cannot be ignored. This conclusion raises a troubling question, a sad and desperate query tinged with hope: must all change in the Middle East spring from the dark bosom of horrific war?"
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Eastern and Middle Eastern Religions, 2007.
This paper discusses the Eastern and Middle Eastern religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Buddhism is a somewhat unique religion in that it does not personify the concept of god but rather the Buddha, who is a normal human having come to enlightenment and salvation through suffering; however, Hinduism is far more focused on divinity and messages from a spiritual realm beyond the understanding of humanity. The author points out that Islam, which is considered one of the three Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, the other two being Judaism and Christianity, uses Allah (God), who is eternal, transcended and part of humanity in his compassion and mercy. The paper relates that Sikhism, which shares with Islam the paradigm of a single god, operates on the principle that all human beings are equal and should not be distinguished by parameters such as social class and royalty.
Table of Contents:
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
From the Paper
"In terms of salvation, Sikhism is close to Hinduism in its belief of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. According to Sikhism, there is a progressive journey of the soul from the lowest orders of life, such as plants and animals, to the highest order of physical existence, being human. While several rebirths at this level of existence is possible, having reached human life means that the journey is close to completion. The soul reaches God at the point of physical death, where it is judged in order to determine whether more rebirth is required."
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Women of Middle Eastern Descent, 2005.
An analysis of the experiences of women of Middle Eastern descent in America post- 9/11.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the experiences of many Muslim and Middle Eastern women post 9/11. The paper also examines what these women have done to protect themselves from attacks. The last several pages show the lives of Middle Eastern women in America as being occasionally fraught with worry and uncertainty as America comes to terms with its own feelings about 9/11 and as the country works to differentiate ordinary Muslims from Islamo-fascist extremists.
From the Paper
"The events of September 11, 2001 have lodged deep in the viscera of most - if not all - Americans. In the aftermath of this gruesome tragedy, many Americans understandably evinced a deep antipathy towards Middle Eastern (specifically Muslim) women residing in the world's wealthiest and still most powerful nation. With the aforementioned in mind, the following paper will review what life has been like for Muslim women over the past four years by revealing some of the hardships they have faced in post-9/11 America. Proceeding onward, the paper will also look at what these women have done to protect themselves and, in a related vein, what their future in the United States portends. As will soon become apparent, the terrorist attacks in New York and in Washington brought to an end one era in American history and ushered in a new one."
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"What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response", 2002.
Book review of Bernard Lewis?s book about Middle Eastern political relations and America's impact and influence on the current state of affairs.
1,468 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores Bernard Lewis?s book entitled "What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response" and shows how it accurately investigates the influences of Western art, societal positions of women, both imperialist and revolutionary policies domestic and abroad, and Christianity upon the Middle East.
From the Paper
"Lewis explains these encroachments of Western influence in direct contrast to the often insufficient responses from the Middle East. Lewis applies his viewpoint concerning what he perceives as limitations imposed by Islamic indoctrination to answer the general inquiry ?what went wrong??. He includes the largely inferior Middle Eastern reactions against the vast superiority of Western diplomatic affairs. This Western enforcement of foreign relation policies upon the collectively unwilling Middle East resulted from the its numerous victories achieved on battlefields by utilizing further advanced military tactics and weaponry."
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American Racial Discrimination against Middle Easterners, 2002.
A paper which discusses how America's attitude towards Middle Easterners has worsened since September 11.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that since September 11, Americans have developed a deeper racist attitude towards anyone who looks Middle Eastern, with more than 1200 people being detained without charge. The paper discusses the issues of Orientalism, stereotyping, discriminatory policies, and the question of Muslim-American's loyalty to their country.
From the Paper
"The dangerous connection of popular stereotypes and official policy is possibly the greatest anxiety of the Arab and Muslim communities in America. Without concession for a moment the plague of terrorism or security needs of our society, our constituencies have been alarmed by contrasting treatment they have received by government agencies in the name of counter terrorism. In several cases, programs and policies targeting Arab communities in the effort to monitor terrorist activity have them contributed to deepening the association and create negative bias in the community?s eye. The scuttle to judgment in Oklahoma City or the anti-Arab backlash when a crisis occurs in the Middle East brings to light the consequence of these associations."
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Middle Eastern Countries Curb Subversive Activities, 2007.
This paper looks at Middle Eastern countries that manage to curb subversive activities.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that certain Middle East countries, specifically, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and to a large degree Egypt and Saudi Arabia, as governments, as nations, seem to have few problems curbing fundamental subversion and the terrorist forces which have been otherwise successful in interrupting the economies and political processes of other governments in that area of the world. This silence causes the researcher to wonder, and to take a closer look at those countries where subversive activities are held in check, and where the people of those nations seem to inhabit the same rural and metropolitan spaces without leaving bombs in fruit stands or along the roadside aimed at killing whoever might come along. The writer discusses the difference between those countries where those kinds of destruction are not the order of the day, versus those nations where roadside bombs, destruction and the maiming of civilians are indeed very much the order of the day.
Outline:
Introduction
Focus, Comparison and Contrast
UAE
Answers From Within
Jordan
Islamic Justice
From the Paper
"Still, unlike the UAE, Jordan has remained a self-sustaining economy, relying largely upon imports for its greater population needs, and subsistence for the small, largely impoverished family-farmers. Perhaps it is this simplicity in the economics of self-sustaining one's family on the land that has contributed to achieving a measure of stability in Jordan's political dynamics. It is difficult, one would suspect, to become overly interested in world politics, or even religious fanaticism, when one's focus must be that of sustaining small families in an agricultural environment where the land and product by which one sustains one's self and family is intricately intertwined with the forces of nature."
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Globalization and Middle Eastern Culture, 2005.
A discussion on the concept of globalization versus westernization and its influence on Middle Eastern culture.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper defines globalization and focuses the differences and similarities between the concepts of globalization and westernization. It discusses how it is the identification of westernization with globalization that has created the fear of this proposed interaction in developing countries and in particular the Middle-East.
From the Paper
"An example of the way that globalization is already having an impact on cultures in the Middle East and other regions of the world is the reduced emphasis on native language and the predominance of English as the universal language. It should be remembered that besides its function as a communicative tool, language is also a repository and a conveyor of cultural traditions. The fear is that traditional languages might die out which will inevitably have a far-reaching affect on cultural heritage and transmission. This fear is express in the following analysis and study."
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Democratization in Middle Eastern Monarchies, 2006.
Examines the democratization process in three Middle Eastern countries: Jordan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the countries of Jordan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia and the progress or lack of progress made in their democratization. The paper examines their progress by looking at the process of globalization and democracy as a global social movement. The paper also looks at the concepts of constitutional monarchies, capitalism, and democracy as well as the impact of the IMF/World Bank on global democratization.
From the Paper
"Heavy US and UN intervention in the Middle East in the past 20 years has had some substantial effects on the governmental and social structures of various countries in that region. A few specific countries can be used as geopolitical barometers to understand the relationships between monarchy and democracy and their effects on the Middle Eastern world, specifically Jordan, Morocco and Saudi Arabia. All of which are highly significant in international relationships, and all are in various states of democratization. Looking at these three countries we will understand the relationships between democracy and democratization and their cultures and political structures, as well as the countries' relationship to globalization and international affairs."
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Middle Eastern Conflict, 2006.
A discussion on the Arab-Israeli conflicts in the Middle East.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The author explores, from a personal point of view, the many conflicts in the Middle East since the creation of Israel through to modern day. The paper mentions the effects of war in this area on the world. The author also offers ideas for forging a lasting peace in the Middle East.
From the Paper
"I would choose my course of action because many things have already been tried and have failed in the Middle East peace process. It seems that the entire group of nations cannot get together, but perhaps smaller groups could reach some kind of accord that would then spread and become the normal situation. I do not think the residents enjoy the constant conflict, but neither side is willing to give in and capitulate to the others' needs and wants. I also do not think that an outsider, like a powerful world leader, has the power to sway opinion in the Middle East. For the most part, the two sides often seem to resent meddling or outside intervention, and so, they might not welcome the advances of a powerful world leader, even if the intent was nothing but honest and good. One Middle East expert notes, "The roles external actors play in the Arab-Israeli conflict are thus complex, all the more so because the regional actors have their own interests and do not readily accept diktats from outside" (Spiegel 183)."
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Middle Eastern Views of September 11, 2002.
An analysis of the differing opinions in the Middle East over the events of September 11 2001.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay will argue that the difference of opinion in the Middle East on the events of September 11 reflects a complicated mix of regional politics, self-interest, and genuine human response.
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Middle Eastern Women?s Oppression, 2001.
A look at women's rights in the Middle East under strict Islamic rule.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This is a fifteen-page paper on women?s oppression in the Middle East and how it relates to contemporary issues in the United States. With the coming to power of Islamic fundamentalists in 1992, women?s rights to full participation in social, economic, cultural and political life of the country was drastically curtailed and later on summarily denied them by the Taliban.
From the Paper
"Islamic fundamentalism looks upon women as sub-humans, fit only for household slavery and as a means of procreation. Such an outrageous view has incredibly been elevated to the status of official policy with the coming to power of the ignorant Taliban who are still in control of 90% of Afghanistan including the capital Kabul. With the coming to power of Islamic fundamentalists in 1992, women?s right to full participation in social, economic, cultural and political life of the country was drastically curtailed and later on summarily denied them by the Taliban. "
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Middle Eastern Paradigms, 2008.
A look at established paradigms of women in the Middle East, including more recent research from a female anthropological viewpoint.
5,480 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses women in the Middle East and looks at both the economic and liberal paradigms of Muslim women from the perspectives of authors, scholars and journalists. The paper also notes that in the past Muslim women have been stereotyped as having had little if anything to do with the economic side of life for their families. Authors referenced in this paper point out that part of that erroneous reporting is due to the fact that previously only male anthropologists have conducted field work on Muslim women and their roles in the home and community. The author explains that now there is a more accurate picture to be presented available due to female anthropological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women II
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women II
From the Paper
"Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I: Anne M. Jennings writes in Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy (Jennings, 45) that there are old stereotypes about Muslim women and their participation in the family economic dynamics, and she believes research is needed in this area. For example, she explains that "thousands" of women earn money outside the home; this fact has been kept hidden largely because of the stereotype that the religion of Islam forbids women to be wage earners outside the home.
"Several reasons exist as to why the facts of female economics in Muslim countries have been unreported. One reason for this, Jennings writes, is that women often work in the "informal sector" - also called the "invisible economy" - and that money is rarely reported to agencies that collect taxes, for obvious reasons. Another reason for the seeming secrecy of women working outside the home is that Muslim males tend to deny that their wives are working, for reasons that are undisclosed by Jennings, but one can easily speculate that Muslim men may not wish to admit that their earnings are not sufficient to provide the family with adequate financial support."
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Media Portrayal of Middle Eastern Peoples, 1999.
An analysis of how Islamic people are depicted by U.S. and Western mass media and its effects on Americans of Mid Eastern descent. It discusses cultural bases of biases & stereotypes with examples and political aspect.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 25 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
" Media Portrait of Middle Eastern Peoples
Introduction
This research discusses the way in which the peoples of the Middle East of Muslim origins are portrayed in the American and other Western mass media, the effects of this portrayal on persons of Middle Eastern descent who live in the United States and the complex psychological, political, economic reasons for such treatment.
On the whole, the Western mass media--the movies, television, radio and other publications--portray Middle Eastern peoples from predominantly Muslim countries, including those who have emigrated from the region, in a stereotyped, biased and derogatory manner. The effects of that treatment on public opinion are to predispose the American public to expect the worst..."
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