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Mental Health and Stigma, 2008.
This paper explores mental health and stigma and the implications for health promotion.
1,207 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how stigma associated with mental illness leads to social isolation, which hinders both treatment and recovery and harms the family of the patient too. The paper discusses how the root of the stigma observed in the population is found in the mass media, which continues to perpetrate and reinforce perceptions of mental illness. The paper looks at the nurse's role that must be a response to the patient's and family's needs for support, advocacy and health teaching. The paper maintains that health teaching is not nearly adequate; there must also be a coordinated campaign of health promotion.
Outline:
Introduction
Stigma
Social Isolation
Sources of Stigma
Program of Health Teaching and Health Promotion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Patients with various forms of mental illness regularly visit outpatient clinics to be administered doses of lithium for bipolar disorder and medication such as Loxapine, Halperidol,and Thyxothicene for schizophrenia. Because of the influence of the biomedical model, the attending psychiatrists ask these patients how they are coping but generally ignore the responses because of the focus on symptoms. Meanwhile, two major issues interfere with patients' adherence to treatment or even with initial seeking of treatment. Stigma and the subsequent social isolation that results from it are not being addressed in these mental health clinics."
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Mental Health and Stigma, 2008.
This paper looks at the effects of stigma as it relates to mental illness.
1,513 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the stigma attached to mental illness is found everywhere including the health care system. Stigma can be defined as attitudes, feelings and behaviors that cause a negative view towards individuals or groups. The writer maintains that such attitudes and behaviors are based on stereotyping and false notions such as the view that the mentally ill are always violent. The writer argues that stigma not only destroys self-esteem and limits opportunities for the person with a mental illness such as schizophrenia, but is a major barrier to recovery. The most serious effect of stigma is social isolation; stigma condemns the mentally ill to isolation and feelings of shame. The writer notes that stigma is so prevalent and embedded in society that it is almost impossible to eradicate, but there are strategies that can be effective.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Need
Objectives
Methods
Evaluation
From the Paper
"The mentally ill person is not able to participate like other people in society because stigma results in the mentally ill person having diminished social status. Schumacher, Corrigan and Dejong explain how stigma related to mental illness is based on three main cues consisting of bizarre behavior, poor social skills, and little physical attractiveness. Stigma also results in discrimination on the part of employers and landlords, leaving the mentally ill with few or no opportunities for a normal life. As a result of such discrimination, many of the mentally ill are unemployed and homeless. In contrast to the stigma associated with race or gender, stigma attached to mental illness is based on the cues of labels, bizarre behavior, poor social skills, and physical appearance. Furthermore, the most intense stigma is a reaction to bizarre behavior and perceived strangeness.
"Research studies have indicated that the most effective way to eradicate stigma is through developing contact between healthy individuals and the mentally ill person."
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Mental Health Issues, 2002.
This is a research paper outlining the current issues in mental health, like the stigma that those afflicted will face. The paper looks at who was more likely to stigmatize based on age, sex and experience with mental health.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This study examines who is more likely to stigmatize the mentally ill according to their experiences. Specifically, the study examines the level of knowledge each participant has about mental health issues and their viewpoints on the mentally ill, and whether it is related to gender.
From the Paper
"Stigma, has "traditionally been defined as a sign or mark that designates the bearer defective, and therefore as meriting less valued treatment than normal people" (Heatherton 2000:88). This view of an individual is apparent in all societies. The actual experience of stigma is common. Virtually everyone has experienced some form of stigmatization. Whether it is our personality, our dress, or our economic status. However it has been the mentally ill and former mentally ill individuals who "have traditionally been degraded and rejected; they have experienced prejudice similar to that experienced by racial and ethnic minorities" (Heatherton 2000:103). It is a fault in society to assume that everyone stigmatizes in the same way. It is the way we socialize our children that anyone different is less of a person. The mass media constantly characterizes the mentally ill as "sick", "dangerous", "worthless", "unpredictable" (Heatherton 2000:103). Literature found on mental illness usually states that stigma for the mentally ill is common to all society, but a closer look shows that it fails to differentiate between its origins. Specifically that everyone looks at the mentally ill the same way: that they are negative and violent."
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Current Issues in Mental Health, 2005.
An examination of mental health issues from a social and cultural perspective.
3,861 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the biological vs. social and cultural perspectives of mental health, clearly emphasizing the social and cultural approach more so than the biological one, since current trends indicate that this is a key issue in the field of mental health today. The paper investigates mental illness primarily from the standpoint that mental illness may result from social and cultural factors more so than biological ones. However the paper also carefully provides a solid foundation for promoting both views and treatment approaches to mental illness in the attempt to better understand mental illness and its impact on society in general.
Current Issues in Mental Health: Examining Mental Illness From a Cultural
and Social Perspective
Introduction
Mental Illness as Biology?
Mental Illness from a Cultural Perspective
The Mind as Machine
The Use of Psychiatric Medications to Treat Illness
Duality of Disease
The Stigma of Mental Illness
Conclusions/Analysis
References
From the Paper
"Wakefiled (1994) poses the question of whether or not the concept of a mental disorder might be culturally relative (Kirk & Einbinder, pp.11-17). He suggests that mental disorders may result more from cultural and social influences and factors than biological ones. His theory is based on the notion that people respond differently to different things based in part on their upbringing, surroundings and social environment. People also have the inherent capability of being conditioned to respond in a certain manner to certain things. What might be considered normal for one person in one culture may be considered aberrant behavior in another."
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Public Policy Mental Health, 2007.
This paper discusses public policy regarding mental health in public schools.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer points out that in any institution, which is partially or completely funded by public moneys, mandates determine resources and offerings. Further the writer notes that mandates can be determined by legislation, legal precedence or local sentiment, all of which is biased in favor of or against services they have experienced or would like those served to experience, yet is rarely determined by actual visible need of the population served. The writer argues that mental health services have historically been skirted in public institutions and bodies, as the social stigma associated with mental illness is dependant upon public sentiment and that public sentiment is the driving force behind mandates. That having been said, this work establishes that there is no public policy that mandates mental health services be provided in public schools. The writer highlights that this is despite legislation that is intended to provide equal services to the disabled, such as Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that in theory offers services to those with disabilities.
From the Paper
"The legislation itself demands arbitrary assignment of the SED label by giving schools and administrators, but not necessarily mental health professionals an out. School administrators, especially in public schools often must make decisions associated with the greater good, as they must serve a large population of students with minimal resources. As socially disruptive behavior further taxes the system and the providers of it those who are deemed socially disruptive, or seen to have the potential to be are therefore excluded from the SED label and likely excluded from mental health services."
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Mental Illness, 2005.
An analysis of the stigma of mental illness and steps to improve this problem.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper starts with an incident/case involving the interaction of a nurse and individual with mental illness or an encounter with someone suspected of being mentally ill. The paper describes the development of this scenario. Finally, it provides a short explanation on an article by article basis of how the literature helped or changed the writers thinking about the stigma of mental illness.
From the Paper
"According to the US Surgeon General (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as cited in Halter, 2002), stigma is "manifested by bias, distrust, stereotyping, fear, embarrassment, anger and/or avoidance of the stigmatized group." The stigma carried by mental health is two-fold: a significant stigma for the victim and for the mental health professional. Out of approximately 28% of the population having a mental illness, only 8% will actively seek treatment (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as cited in Halter, 2002) because of the associated stigma; many nurses do not admit they are psychiatric nurses for the same reason. This paper provides a brief case profile and questions formulated based on the case. A discussion on research related to the case and questions will is presented."
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Mental Illness, 2005.
This paper discusses the stigma of mental illness.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that mental illness is a serious problem, but stigma can make the problem really unbearable. The author presents a case about someone who has some form of mental illness. The paper includes the author's reactions to that person.
From the Paper
"Mental illness has a very strong stigma attached to it. Mental illness is a serious problem, but stigma can make the problem really unbearable. Stigma affects every part of the person's life. One of the greatest problems with stigma is that it causes social isolation. Social isolation is what makes life most difficult for people with mental illness. The purpose of this paper is to talk about issues and questions connected with stigma and mental illness. The main question concerns how stigma affects people who have a mental illness. Another question concerns how people recover from the experience of stigma and how they gain back their self-esteem."
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Capital Punishment and Mental Illness, 2002.
Examines issues of culpabilty and institutionalization surrounding the death penalty meted out to the mentally retarded and the mentally ill.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper shall examine and qualify the issues surrounding the imposition of the death penalty onto the mentally retarded and the mentally ill. Within this paper, the phrase mentally ill shall be applied to those who are of normal intelligence yet who suffer from mannerisms or behaviors that alter their perceptions. The phrase mentally retarded shall be applied to individuals who suffer from conditions that result in lower intelligence and comprehension levels. This issue is loaded in terms of issues surrounding the morality of the situation: The fundamental question at stake within this particular issue is whether or not the mentally ill and the mentally retarded can be punished in the same manner as those who commit the same crimes and are considered to be of normal mental stability and functionality.
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Mental Illness and Incarcerated Juveniles, 2005.
An investigation of how inadequate mental health resources have created a mental health crisis for incarcerated juveniles with mental illness.
20,801 words (approx. 83.2 pages), 121 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study examines the impact of inadequate mental health resources and the subsequent mental health crises that have been created. The design of the study contains two types of questionnaires. The paper shows that results of the study support the hypothesis that inadequate resources have led to a mental health crisis among incarcerated juveniles with mental illness. These include lack of resources, misuse of resources, increasing needs for mental health, budget cuts, and alarming trends within the mental health system. Gaps in the mental health system were also noted by the participants in the questionnaires. In conclusion, the writer submits the results of this study as an offering to the developing collection of knowledge regarding the issue of inadequate resources as they relate to mentally ill juveniles in the criminal justice system.
Chapter One
Introduction / Importance of the Study
National Research Agenda
Rationale for the Study
Purpose of the Study
Overview of the Study
Hypothesis
Problem Statement
Scope of the Study
Definition of Terms
Review of Literature
Context
Introduction to Mental Illness
The Culture and Climate of Mental Illness
Chapter Two
The Economics Associated with Costs/Resources
The Role of the Mental Health System
The Role of the Criminal Justice System
Summary and Conclusions
Method
The Approach
Why a Questionnaire
Data Base of the Study
Data Gathering Method
Design of the Questionnaire
Pre-testing the Questionnaire
Implementation of the Study
Data Analysis
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Limitations to the Study
Summary of Chapter Three
Data Analysis
Overview
Pre-testing the Questionnaire
Implementation of the Study
Descriptive Statistics
Factor Analysis
Analysis of Written Comments
Limitations of the Data
Summary of Chapter Four
Summary and Recommendation
Introduction
Hypothesis
Implications of this Research to Health Care
View of Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most delinquency theories have been strongly influenced by their perceptions of adolescent's relationships with elements of their social environment (Schmalleger, 1995). More specifically, the interactions with family, peers and school are believed to be the most powerful influences on their conventional and delinquent behaviors (Schmalleger, 1995). Today, it is estimated that 24% of youth in the Colorado Division of Youth Corrections are diagnosed with a mental illness. (Jarrett, 2002) A sample of detained youth were studied in Colorado and 41% were found to have a clinically meaningful level of mental health problems. (Coen, 2002) However, there have been a number of these approaches offered over the years to help youthful offenders overcome the challenges and obstacles they face as part of becoming involved in the criminal justice system, with varying degrees of success. Nevertheless, despite the evidence that supports providing timely and effective mental health interventions during these formative periods of life, many states have been unable or unwilling to dedicate the resources required to ensure that all incarcerated juveniles are afforded the opportunity (Kozol, 1991)."
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Incarcerated Juveniles with Mental Illness, 2005.
An investigation of how inadequate mental health resources have created a mental health crisis for incarcerated juveniles with mental illness.
29,634 words (approx. 118.5 pages), 91 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study examines the impact of inadequate mental health resources and the subsequent mental health crises that have been created. The study evaluates the financial support, funding and services for the mentally ill juvenile offender and identifies issues related to inadequate mental health resources in the literature review. The study also evaluates level resources and service delivery at two different mental health centers and a juvenile facility and examines data obtained from other sources. The results of the study are intended to help institutions develop future action plans to address the issues of inadequate resources and levels of service needs.
Introduction /Importance of the Study
National Research Agenda
Rationale for the Study
Purpose of the Study
Overview of the Study
Hypothesis
Problem Statement
Scope of the Study
Definition of Terms
Review of Literature
Context
Introduction to Mental Illness
The Culture and Climate of Mental Illness
The Economics Associated with Costs/Resources
The Role of the Mental Health System
The Role of the Criminal Justice System
Method
Data Analysis
Summary Discussion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Inadequate mental health resources are an often-cited factor for the mental health crisis, especially the incarceration of juveniles with mental illness. There have been a number of these approaches offered over the years to help youthful offenders overcome the challenges and obstacles they face as part of becoming involved in the criminal justice system, with varying degrees of success. This study examines the impact of inadequate mental health resources and the subsequent mental health crises that have been created. Costs are rising at an alarming rate and there are more illnesses than resources available to meet the needs of the mentally ill juvenile in the criminal justice system. Lacking in resources, the mental health system has not kept pace with the diverse needs of the community or the prison system. Consequently, the justice system inappropriately places juveniles in the criminal justice system, instead of the mental health system."
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Stigma and Schizophrenia, 2008.
This paper explores mental illness and the effects of stigma on the patient, family and caregivers.
2,464 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a clinical situation where the label of schizophrenia caused an individual to contend with issues such as social isolation and losses. The paper discusses the impact created by stigma on the family and on all those who come into contact with the patient. The paper reveals that the role of nursing is not always carried out since stigma is just as prevalent among health providers as it is across the general population.
Outline:
Introduction
Clinical Situation
Relevance of the Clinical Situation
Identification of Three Issues of the Concept
Future Practice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Mental illness is deeply misunderstood in our society and stigma is attached to all forms of the illness. No form of mental illness is more shunned by the public and induces more fear than schizophrenia. Kenny (2001) maintains that stigma seriously damages self-esteem and reduces opportunities for the person who has an illness such as schizophrenia. More importantly, stigma constitutes a major problem for the recovery process. Stigma consists of certain attitudes, feelings and behaviors that lead to a negative label being forced upon an individual or group and is manifested in prejudice, discrimination, fear, distrust, and stereotyping (Kenny, 2001)."
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Mental Retardation, 2006.
A look at the social obstacles mentally retarded people face because of lack of resources and a general lack of knowledge about mental retardation.
2,684 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the many social problems that mentally retarded people must deal on a daily basis, including a general lack of knowledge about mental retardation, a lack of community services for the mentally retarded, the tendency to over medicate mentally retarded persons and a lack of alternative educational programs. The paper also describes characteristics typical of the mentally retarded as well as measures that could be taken that would help mentally retarded persons to lead independent lives and achieve normalization.
From the Paper
"It is reported that 3 to 4 per 1,000 people are mentally retarded (Ellis, 1986). It is not always easy to recognize a mentally retarded person by a customary glance. Two main ways to determine mental retardation are: (1) certain physical characteristics and/or (2) when an infant/child fails to make normal developmental progress (mental or physical) (Ellis, 1986). One major problem regarding mental retardation is knowledge of the accurate definition and limitations of the disability (Bray, 1990). In the past, society and several professions have not given mentally retarded persons the necessary resources. An accurate knowledge base of the disability is necessary before proper resources can be created (AAMR, 1992). Contrary to popular belief, mental retardation is not something a person has, is not a medical disorder not a mental disorder, but rather a developmental disability (AAMR, 1992). The level of functioning requires information regarding the person capabilities (intelligence, adaptive skills), and environments (home, work, school, community) (AMMR, 1992)."
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United Kingdom Mental Health Law, 2004.
This extensive research paper analyzes U.K. case law regarding mental health to develop a set of recommendations to be used as a guideline for creating an improved legal system for mental health.
24,780 words (approx. 99.1 pages), 39 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of mental health law in the U.K., identifying a number of key principles of health care economics and ethics, with a focus on the particular incentives and trade-offs that are raised by these principles at three levels of the mental health system: government and society; purchasers and providers; and users and caretakers. The author points out that self-determination theory (SDT) is based on the belief that innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are important bases for human motivation. The paper suggests that there is a need to move towards a more open, accountable, and evidence-based mental health care system, which would be fully supported by U.K. law.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
History of UK Case Law
Draft Mental Incapacity Bill
The Fundamental Principle Behind Medical Law in the UK
Capacity Law
Problems in Mental Health Systems in the UK
A Right to Health Care: The Libertarian Objection
Whom to Sacrifice
The Struggle Between Ethics and Economics in Mental Health Care
Four Principles of Health Care Economics
Four Principles of Health Care Ethics
Tensions in Health Care Decision-Making
Government and Society
Purchasers and Providers
Economic Incentives
Ethical Trade-offs
Users and Caretakers
Linking the Past to the Present
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions and Hypothesis
Methodology
Results
Discussion, Recommendations and Conclusion
Explicitness
Evaluation
Accountability
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In a perfectly competitive market, the supply and demand for a particular good achieves equilibrium, and no more and no less of the good is produced or consumed than is necessary. In reality, markets are not perfectly competitive, resulting in failures due to unfair competition, uncertainty and externality effects. The market for mental healthcare is no exception. These failures are so common that some form of government intervention is necessary. The extent of government involvement is influenced by both economic and political considerations and by the existing model of social choice. In the United Kingdom, a careful balance of both individualistic (autonomy and consumer sovereignty) and collective (justice and welfare maximization) principles must be considered."
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Mental Illness - A Novel Approach, 2001.
This paper presents an in-depth look at mental illness using two stories - "Sybil" and "I Never Promised You A Rose Garden", each details a different type of mental illness.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth look at mental illness using two stories - "Sybil" and "I Never Promised You A Rose Garden", each detail a different type of mental illness. The two types, MPD and schizophrenia are often confused with each other.
From the paper:
"Mental illness has been with us since the beginning of time. There are many types of mental illness and they vary in severity and duration. Two of the most misunderstood and often misdiagnosed mental illnesses are Multiple Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia. These disorders are often confused with one another. If we examine the characteristics of each one we will see where their differences are and how they are treated. There are two movies that underscore the ramifications of the disorders and the treatment options of them both. Sybil and I Never Promised You a Rose Garden are both portrayals of mental illness in women and how that illness affected their lives and families. "
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Mental Health Care, 2006.
This paper discusses the global mental health care industry, especially care by primary physicians and other caregivers.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that mental illness, which also includes autism, Alzheimer's disease, addiction, mental retardation and epilepsy, affects people of all nations of all social, economic and cultural backgrounds; however, the poor suffer most from a lack of the most basic resources for effective treatment. The author points out that, even though available treatment methods for mental illness differ among regions and socio-economic classes, most patients are prescribed psychotropic drugs, such as antidepressants. The paper states that, in the U.S., managed care systems usually do not cover mental disease and insurance companies look to mental health benefits as the first place to cut in an attempt to reduce rising costs.
Table of Contents:
Mental Health and Primary Care
Status of the Primary Mental Health Care Industry
Incidence
Current Approaches
Recognition and Current Response
Policy Initiatives
The New GMS Contract
General Practitioners and Practitioners with Special Interest
Primary Care Graduate Mental Health Workers
Shared Care between GP Practices and Community Health Teams
Obstacles and Issues
Little Attention Paid to Improving Primary Mental Health Care
Fragmented Linkages of Substance Abuse Treatment with Community-Based Services
Obstacles to Accessing Primary Mental Health Care
Social Disparities
Developments
Effects of Cutting Back on Health Coverage
Legislation
Community-based Primary Care Satellite Clinics
From the Paper
"Mandating mental health benefits has already been an ongoing policy process, as in fact, more than as many states have enacted legislation and the mandates have become more typically comprehensive than previous ones. However, state legislation has not proved to be adequate substitutes of a federal legislation. State legislation did not appear to have reached enough persons to create a significant difference at the population level. Many consumers in the parity states were not aware of their improved coverage or that parity legislation may have accelerated the development of managed care in the mental health care arena, which separates nominal benefits from actual benefits."
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