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Mental Health and Physical Health, 2005.
Discusses the reasoning behind two beliefs - whether or not mental health should be treated on par with physical health.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
There are two arguments regarding the treatment of mental health. Some believe that it should receive the same amount of health care coverage as physical illness, while others argue that the costs of treating mental illness could lead to severe problems. To better understand these arguments, this paper examines two articles, "Mental Health Should be Treated on Par with Physical Health," by Lewis L. Judd, and "Mental Health Should Not be treated on Par with Physical Health," by Richard E. Vatz, as well as two of their reference sources.
From the Paper
"Martin Bobgan and Deidre Bobgan, the writers of an article titled, "Mental Illness is not a Disease" would probably agree that spending money on mental illness, and treating it equally to physical illness would be a lost cause. Although their opinion is much more drastic than that of Richard Vatz, all three writers would probably seem to agree that covering mental illness in insurance coverage would not be helpful to society. In the article, Mental Illness is not a Disease," Martin and Deidre Bobgan profess that people "continue to promote the false concept of mental illness, to align it with medicine, and consign it to science." It is apparent that these writers believe that the mental state and one's physical well-being fall into completely different categories."
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Daily Stressors Affect Physical and Mental Health, 2006.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the questions whether or not daily hassles affect physical or mental health? Does it affect college students more than the elderly or vice versa? Do daily stressors affect women more than men? According to this paper, these are important questions when it comes to addressing issues such as mental health issues or coronary heart disease. This literature study shows that daily hassles are considered an important factor in mental and physical health problems. Whether it is a college student or a senior citizen, daily hassles affect people in negative ways such as physical and/or mental health problems.
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United Kingdom Mental Health Law, 2004.
This extensive research paper analyzes U.K. case law regarding mental health to develop a set of recommendations to be used as a guideline for creating an improved legal system for mental health.
24,780 words (approx. 99.1 pages), 39 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of mental health law in the U.K., identifying a number of key principles of health care economics and ethics, with a focus on the particular incentives and trade-offs that are raised by these principles at three levels of the mental health system: government and society; purchasers and providers; and users and caretakers. The author points out that self-determination theory (SDT) is based on the belief that innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are important bases for human motivation. The paper suggests that there is a need to move towards a more open, accountable, and evidence-based mental health care system, which would be fully supported by U.K. law.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
History of UK Case Law
Draft Mental Incapacity Bill
The Fundamental Principle Behind Medical Law in the UK
Capacity Law
Problems in Mental Health Systems in the UK
A Right to Health Care: The Libertarian Objection
Whom to Sacrifice
The Struggle Between Ethics and Economics in Mental Health Care
Four Principles of Health Care Economics
Four Principles of Health Care Ethics
Tensions in Health Care Decision-Making
Government and Society
Purchasers and Providers
Economic Incentives
Ethical Trade-offs
Users and Caretakers
Linking the Past to the Present
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions and Hypothesis
Methodology
Results
Discussion, Recommendations and Conclusion
Explicitness
Evaluation
Accountability
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In a perfectly competitive market, the supply and demand for a particular good achieves equilibrium, and no more and no less of the good is produced or consumed than is necessary. In reality, markets are not perfectly competitive, resulting in failures due to unfair competition, uncertainty and externality effects. The market for mental healthcare is no exception. These failures are so common that some form of government intervention is necessary. The extent of government involvement is influenced by both economic and political considerations and by the existing model of social choice. In the United Kingdom, a careful balance of both individualistic (autonomy and consumer sovereignty) and collective (justice and welfare maximization) principles must be considered."
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Mental Health Care, 2006.
This paper discusses the global mental health care industry, especially care by primary physicians and other caregivers.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that mental illness, which also includes autism, Alzheimer's disease, addiction, mental retardation and epilepsy, affects people of all nations of all social, economic and cultural backgrounds; however, the poor suffer most from a lack of the most basic resources for effective treatment. The author points out that, even though available treatment methods for mental illness differ among regions and socio-economic classes, most patients are prescribed psychotropic drugs, such as antidepressants. The paper states that, in the U.S., managed care systems usually do not cover mental disease and insurance companies look to mental health benefits as the first place to cut in an attempt to reduce rising costs.
Table of Contents:
Mental Health and Primary Care
Status of the Primary Mental Health Care Industry
Incidence
Current Approaches
Recognition and Current Response
Policy Initiatives
The New GMS Contract
General Practitioners and Practitioners with Special Interest
Primary Care Graduate Mental Health Workers
Shared Care between GP Practices and Community Health Teams
Obstacles and Issues
Little Attention Paid to Improving Primary Mental Health Care
Fragmented Linkages of Substance Abuse Treatment with Community-Based Services
Obstacles to Accessing Primary Mental Health Care
Social Disparities
Developments
Effects of Cutting Back on Health Coverage
Legislation
Community-based Primary Care Satellite Clinics
From the Paper
"Mandating mental health benefits has already been an ongoing policy process, as in fact, more than as many states have enacted legislation and the mandates have become more typically comprehensive than previous ones. However, state legislation has not proved to be adequate substitutes of a federal legislation. State legislation did not appear to have reached enough persons to create a significant difference at the population level. Many consumers in the parity states were not aware of their improved coverage or that parity legislation may have accelerated the development of managed care in the mental health care arena, which separates nominal benefits from actual benefits."
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Mental Health Issues, 2002.
This is a research paper outlining the current issues in mental health, like the stigma that those afflicted will face. The paper looks at who was more likely to stigmatize based on age, sex and experience with mental health.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This study examines who is more likely to stigmatize the mentally ill according to their experiences. Specifically, the study examines the level of knowledge each participant has about mental health issues and their viewpoints on the mentally ill, and whether it is related to gender.
From the Paper
"Stigma, has "traditionally been defined as a sign or mark that designates the bearer defective, and therefore as meriting less valued treatment than normal people" (Heatherton 2000:88). This view of an individual is apparent in all societies. The actual experience of stigma is common. Virtually everyone has experienced some form of stigmatization. Whether it is our personality, our dress, or our economic status. However it has been the mentally ill and former mentally ill individuals who "have traditionally been degraded and rejected; they have experienced prejudice similar to that experienced by racial and ethnic minorities" (Heatherton 2000:103). It is a fault in society to assume that everyone stigmatizes in the same way. It is the way we socialize our children that anyone different is less of a person. The mass media constantly characterizes the mentally ill as "sick", "dangerous", "worthless", "unpredictable" (Heatherton 2000:103). Literature found on mental illness usually states that stigma for the mentally ill is common to all society, but a closer look shows that it fails to differentiate between its origins. Specifically that everyone looks at the mentally ill the same way: that they are negative and violent."
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Job Attrition in Mental Health, 2007.
This paper discusses graduate programs and job attrition among mental health professionals.
2,376 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that concerns over the ability of mental health graduates to make a successful transition into the workforce have sparked a number of evaluations to try to determine what factors are responsible for attrition rates in the mental health field. The writer claims that there is a growing concern that if current trends continue there will not be a sufficient number of mental health workers to meet the needs of future generations. This essay explores available literature on the subject in this field of growing concern. This paper also explores several model programs to evaluate the success of programs by students once they enter the clinical setting. The writer also researches why new clinical psychologists leave the profession soon after they start. Further, the writer discusses the topic of stress and looks at how it affects the ability to retain students in psychology and other related professional fields.
Outline:
Literature Review: Mental Health Graduate Year
Model Evaluation Programs
Stress and Job Prospects
Factors in Enrollment
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Results from the Utah state university program indicate that in general, students are satisfied with their job roles. However, there was some dissatisfaction expressed as a result of salaries obtained by graduates. Other concerns were frustration over the amount of paperwork required by managed care systems and frustration over a lack of training in the business aspects of professional practice. None of the evaluations indicated a lack of knowledge as far as the program was concerned. Students had a high degree of success attaining state licenses. Utah State University began conducting the survey five years ago. This program represents one of the most extensive and proactive evaluation systems found among universities.
Rackham Graduate School began a program as recently as October of 2006 to help retain graduate students and to help them achieve greater success after they graduate. This program focuses on reducing stress in teaching students through management skills designed to deal with the pressures of graduate school."
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Current Issues in Mental Health, 2005.
An examination of mental health issues from a social and cultural perspective.
3,861 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the biological vs. social and cultural perspectives of mental health, clearly emphasizing the social and cultural approach more so than the biological one, since current trends indicate that this is a key issue in the field of mental health today. The paper investigates mental illness primarily from the standpoint that mental illness may result from social and cultural factors more so than biological ones. However the paper also carefully provides a solid foundation for promoting both views and treatment approaches to mental illness in the attempt to better understand mental illness and its impact on society in general.
Current Issues in Mental Health: Examining Mental Illness From a Cultural
and Social Perspective
Introduction
Mental Illness as Biology?
Mental Illness from a Cultural Perspective
The Mind as Machine
The Use of Psychiatric Medications to Treat Illness
Duality of Disease
The Stigma of Mental Illness
Conclusions/Analysis
References
From the Paper
"Wakefiled (1994) poses the question of whether or not the concept of a mental disorder might be culturally relative (Kirk & Einbinder, pp.11-17). He suggests that mental disorders may result more from cultural and social influences and factors than biological ones. His theory is based on the notion that people respond differently to different things based in part on their upbringing, surroundings and social environment. People also have the inherent capability of being conditioned to respond in a certain manner to certain things. What might be considered normal for one person in one culture may be considered aberrant behavior in another."
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The Illinois Children's Mental Health Act of 2003, 2008.
This paper describes the Illinois Children's Mental Health Act of 2003 as an example of public policy process.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Illinois Children's Mental Health Act of 2003 creates legislative policy stipulating that a mental health plan, which includes intervention and prevention, will be developed in the state for all children from the age of birth to 18. The author points out that the state desires to implement social education relating to mental health care to change attitudes negatively impacting children with mental problems. The paper concludes that the policy process is a long and extensive venture and that it takes a great deal of commitment to the policy's ideas in order to realize its goals. The author stresses that, when creating policy, the initiators must continue to work with the issues until they have been implemented because, when others take control of the plans, the policy will be altered in a manner that was not intended.
From the Paper
"The inclusion of the focus on academic achievement and the Illinois education system in the Act may indicate that there is a hidden agenda connected to the legislation. As stipulated in the Act there is a concern that the mental illness of students adversely affects their "academic readiness and school success." While there is no doubt that all Americans desire their children to be considered high academic achievers, it should also be considered that, under the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), school districts are required to ensure that students can pass standardized tests in order for the schools to remain operational."
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Mental Health in Children, 2004.
A discussion of whether genetics or environmental issues affect the mental health of children.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the development of a child's mental health. The paper examines the "nature versus nurture" debate, presenting various opinions on the topic. The paper contends that mental health cannot be attributed to either nature or nurture, claiming that genetics, as well as environmental effects, influence the development of one's mental health.
From the Paper
"The field of child psychiatry probably had its birth in 1899 Chicago, when social activists such as Jane Addams led the city to form the country's first juvenile court (Schowalter, 2003). Hull was dismayed by the juvenile delinquency she saw in the poor part of the city. The establishment of juvenile courts raised awareness regarding the number of youth with psychological problems, and experts started to study the issue in an attempt to determine its causes (Schowalter, 2003). Child guidance clinics opened across the country, with clinicians traveling to Europe to study with psychoanalysts such as Anna Freud and Melanie Klein (Schowalter, 2003). From the beginning, clinicians in this new field wondered whether nature, nurture, or some combination resulted in troubled youth. Skinner's behaviorism was popular for a while although it did not produce good results and faded in interest."
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Focus Groups and Mental Health, 2006.
A discussion regarding focus groups in the arena of mental health.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of focus groups and their impact and use with mental health issues. The paper explores how to organize a focus group and goes on to discuss past focus groups in the mental health field and the outcome of their use.
Outline:
Introduction
Focus Groups
Mental Health Focus Groups
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to understand the importance and impact that focus groups have in the field of mental health one must understand focus groups in general. A focus group is a group of participants that have a stake in the topic at hand. Using newspapers as an example a focus group would be comprised of average readers. Some would be housewives, some would be business people and some would be politicians or movers and shakers that re typically in the news. The focus group is given a set of questions and they sit together with the newspaper editors, writers or management and discuss the questions in depth. Out of this discussion the newspaper draws key concepts and themes to later evaluate for possible use. One is organized by contacting members who are asked to be involved. A list of questions is prepared. The questions are generated by issues that the business is interested in studying or developing. "
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The Mental Health Act and Psychiatric Services, 2002.
A case study of John's detention by the psychiatric services and discussion of his treatment in relation to the Mental Health Act and moral ethics.
3,680 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses issues concerning the Mental Health Act and moral ethics using the fictitious case study of the involuntary admission to the psychiatric services of a patient called John. It provides an overview of the Mental Health Act (1983), the effects of compulsory admission and the key people in that admission.
Outline
The Mental Health Act and Effects of Detention
John's Treatment
For and Against Involutary Treatment of John
Nursing Duties Involved in Treating John Involuntarily
John's Best Interests and Confliction of his Wishes
Implications in Practice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The case of Sarah Lawson (The Guardian, 2001) showed that if someone is deemed to be mentally ill, and has insight into the illness and wishes to die, they can do so. This case involved a father assisting his daughter with her suicide because her mental illness impacted upon her physical health. However it is noted that this assisted suicide took place at their family home, not in hospital on a psychiatric unit. If there were to be an assisted suicide on the unit preformed by a member of staff to the case study John, this would be highly illegal and come into conflict with The Code of Practice (1999)."
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Public Policy Mental Health, 2007.
This paper discusses public policy regarding mental health in public schools.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer points out that in any institution, which is partially or completely funded by public moneys, mandates determine resources and offerings. Further the writer notes that mandates can be determined by legislation, legal precedence or local sentiment, all of which is biased in favor of or against services they have experienced or would like those served to experience, yet is rarely determined by actual visible need of the population served. The writer argues that mental health services have historically been skirted in public institutions and bodies, as the social stigma associated with mental illness is dependant upon public sentiment and that public sentiment is the driving force behind mandates. That having been said, this work establishes that there is no public policy that mandates mental health services be provided in public schools. The writer highlights that this is despite legislation that is intended to provide equal services to the disabled, such as Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that in theory offers services to those with disabilities.
From the Paper
"The legislation itself demands arbitrary assignment of the SED label by giving schools and administrators, but not necessarily mental health professionals an out. School administrators, especially in public schools often must make decisions associated with the greater good, as they must serve a large population of students with minimal resources. As socially disruptive behavior further taxes the system and the providers of it those who are deemed socially disruptive, or seen to have the potential to be are therefore excluded from the SED label and likely excluded from mental health services."
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Mental Health in Developing Countries, 2008.
A look at the role of education toward the development of understanding the mental health needs of Nigerian citizens.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how mental health problems are not the sole purview of developed nations, of course, nor are they any different in terms of causation or their general responsiveness to modern therapeutic techniques. In some cases, though, longstanding perceptions the efficacy of traditional healing methods and the actual causes of mental illness may adversely affect the ability of such modern healthcare services to effect substantive improvements in the mentally ill. To help understand what factors are involved in delivering effective mental health services to the citizens of developing nations in general and Nigeria in particular, this paper provides a review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to this end, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Rationale of the Study.
Methodology
Mental Illness in Nigeria and Other Developing Countries
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From the perspective of a majority of modern Nigerians, mental illness continues to be primarily equated with severe psychoses; these popular concepts of mental health problems are founded in large part on the idea that mental illness is the result of supernatural forces, notions that are firmly established even among educated Nigerians (Kemp, 1993). In recent years, though, there are indications that this is changing to some extent, though, with the primary forces of change being increased education concerning mental illness and exposure to modern medical practices (Ilechukwu, 1988). One of the most important medical events in the history of mental health care in Nigeria was the establishment of Aro Psychiatric Hospital (Nervous Diseases Hospital) in Abeokuta in 1952; this facility was established during a period in Nigeria's history when electroshock therapy was regarded as the most efficacious modern therapeutic treatment modality available (Kemp). "
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Mental Health Programs, 2004.
An evaluation of two mental health programs.
4,520 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of a mental health program in Canada with a mental health program in the U.S. The basis of the analysis is a three-part schema for examining social welfare programs.
From the Paper
"This research compares a mental health program in Canada, the Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program(NSEEP) in Halifax, Nova Scotia, with a mental health program in the United States, the University of Maryland School Mental Health Program (SMHP) in Baltimore, Maryland. The framework for the comparison of the two mental health programs is a three-part schema for examining social welfare programs..."
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The Lack of Mental Health Care Coverage, 2001.
A look at the issue of mental health care and how there is almost no provision made by insurance companies for such treatment.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a discussion on the topic of mental health and the insurance industry. The writer uses several jumping off points to explore the benefits and the process for receiving mental health care nationwide and then focuses on some of the problems and issues that are key to the state of Arizona.
From the Paper
"In recent years society has begun to remove the stigma that was once attached to mental illness and accept that it is a reality of life just as physical health is. We used to shun those who had mental illness or lock them away in institutions thereby preventing them from becoming contributing members of society. This caused those who needed to seek help to be silent about their problem for fear of being ostracized. In more recent years the stigma has begun to disappear and the result has been more people than ever before coming forth and seeking treatment for various mental health issues. This has created an overload in the system and it has developed some important eye openers when it comes to the health insurance industry regarding the way it handles mental health coverage. In many areas of the nation mental health needs are just not being met by insurance coverage. In other areas they are. It depends on the insurance policy itself as well as the state legislators and their votes. The state of Arizona is beginning to show some promise in the area of mental health coverage however there is still much work to be done before it will adequately meet the needs of its residents."
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