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| Term Paper # 95584 |
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The Lack of Mental Health Care Coverage, 2001.
A look at the issue of mental health care and how there is almost no provision made by insurance companies for such treatment.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a discussion on the topic of mental health and the insurance industry. The writer uses several jumping off points to explore the benefits and the process for receiving mental health care nationwide and then focuses on some of the problems and issues that are key to the state of Arizona.
From the Paper
"In recent years society has begun to remove the stigma that was once attached to mental illness and accept that it is a reality of life just as physical health is. We used to shun those who had mental illness or lock them away in institutions thereby preventing them from becoming contributing members of society. This caused those who needed to seek help to be silent about their problem for fear of being ostracized. In more recent years the stigma has begun to disappear and the result has been more people than ever before coming forth and seeking treatment for various mental health issues. This has created an overload in the system and it has developed some important eye openers when it comes to the health insurance industry regarding the way it handles mental health coverage. In many areas of the nation mental health needs are just not being met by insurance coverage. In other areas they are. It depends on the insurance policy itself as well as the state legislators and their votes. The state of Arizona is beginning to show some promise in the area of mental health coverage however there is still much work to be done before it will adequately meet the needs of its residents."
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Job Satisfaction in Mental Health Care, 2002.
Examining the effects of job satisfaction on productivity among behavioral care employees in private mental health care provider organizations.
4,125 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes what the relationship between employee productivity and employee perceptions of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction is, among behavioral care workers in private mental health provider organizations. It shows that the findings of this study are that behavioral care workers in private mental health care provider organizations generally are satisfied with their jobs and that job satisfaction was positively related to the productivity of behavioral care workers.
From the Paper
"Behavioral care workers in mental health care provider organizations frequently are required to care for patients who are acutely psychotic, aggressive, highly destructive, suicidal, or at risk of escape. Traditionally, "management strategies" for such patients have included the use of physical restraints, seclusion rooms, or constant one-to-one observation. These strategies have been criticized on grounds of ethics, economics, and efficacy (Montgomery & Johnson, 1996). The continued use of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric facilities "in the face of low confidence in such coercive interventions by health care professionals may be a sign both of the persistence of traditional practices which have not been closely examined, as well as by the use of these traditional practices to shield the staff of such facilities against fear of mental illness, violence and loss of control" (Goren & Curtis, 1996, p. 7). Under such conditions, the stress placed on behavioral care workers becomes intense. Even when the needs of patients are less demanding than those described above, pressures and stress on behavioral care givers can reach damaging levels when accompanied by unsatisfactory organizational or working conditions (Wells, Astrachan, Tischler, & Unutzer, 1995)."
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Mental Health Care, 2006.
This paper discusses approaches to mental health care within the community.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains (1) that the mental health of individuals is important to the overall well-being of the community and (2) that physical and mental illness are significantly influenced and possibly even created by the social conditions experienced by those afflicted. The author points out that institutionalization, which was the traditional means of treating or dealing with mental illness, has fallen out of favor in recent years, because many studies have revealed the potentially degrading nature and the lack of personalized care in these institutions. The paper stresses that the case management model, as opposed to the "one-stop" method of institutionalization, appears to provide a complete method of treating an individual's illness by encompassing the community influences and outside factors, which affect the mental condition of a patient.
From the Paper
"Such policies could not heal the problems of institutionalized, individual-only treatment overnight, however. The funding demands of such communal treatments as well as the policy questions regarding which model of treatment could be most effective were and still are highly debated and contested. The need for empirical data in the area is still a significant one, especially with regard to which sorts of mental illness can be best addressed and which sorts of treatment and community models best do so."
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United Kingdom Mental Health Law, 2004.
This extensive research paper analyzes U.K. case law regarding mental health to develop a set of recommendations to be used as a guideline for creating an improved legal system for mental health.
24,780 words (approx. 99.1 pages), 39 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of mental health law in the U.K., identifying a number of key principles of health care economics and ethics, with a focus on the particular incentives and trade-offs that are raised by these principles at three levels of the mental health system: government and society; purchasers and providers; and users and caretakers. The author points out that self-determination theory (SDT) is based on the belief that innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are important bases for human motivation. The paper suggests that there is a need to move towards a more open, accountable, and evidence-based mental health care system, which would be fully supported by U.K. law.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
History of UK Case Law
Draft Mental Incapacity Bill
The Fundamental Principle Behind Medical Law in the UK
Capacity Law
Problems in Mental Health Systems in the UK
A Right to Health Care: The Libertarian Objection
Whom to Sacrifice
The Struggle Between Ethics and Economics in Mental Health Care
Four Principles of Health Care Economics
Four Principles of Health Care Ethics
Tensions in Health Care Decision-Making
Government and Society
Purchasers and Providers
Economic Incentives
Ethical Trade-offs
Users and Caretakers
Linking the Past to the Present
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions and Hypothesis
Methodology
Results
Discussion, Recommendations and Conclusion
Explicitness
Evaluation
Accountability
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In a perfectly competitive market, the supply and demand for a particular good achieves equilibrium, and no more and no less of the good is produced or consumed than is necessary. In reality, markets are not perfectly competitive, resulting in failures due to unfair competition, uncertainty and externality effects. The market for mental healthcare is no exception. These failures are so common that some form of government intervention is necessary. The extent of government involvement is influenced by both economic and political considerations and by the existing model of social choice. In the United Kingdom, a careful balance of both individualistic (autonomy and consumer sovereignty) and collective (justice and welfare maximization) principles must be considered."
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Mental Health and Physical Health, 2005.
Discusses the reasoning behind two beliefs - whether or not mental health should be treated on par with physical health.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
There are two arguments regarding the treatment of mental health. Some believe that it should receive the same amount of health care coverage as physical illness, while others argue that the costs of treating mental illness could lead to severe problems. To better understand these arguments, this paper examines two articles, "Mental Health Should be Treated on Par with Physical Health," by Lewis L. Judd, and "Mental Health Should Not be treated on Par with Physical Health," by Richard E. Vatz, as well as two of their reference sources.
From the Paper
"Martin Bobgan and Deidre Bobgan, the writers of an article titled, "Mental Illness is not a Disease" would probably agree that spending money on mental illness, and treating it equally to physical illness would be a lost cause. Although their opinion is much more drastic than that of Richard Vatz, all three writers would probably seem to agree that covering mental illness in insurance coverage would not be helpful to society. In the article, Mental Illness is not a Disease," Martin and Deidre Bobgan profess that people "continue to promote the false concept of mental illness, to align it with medicine, and consign it to science." It is apparent that these writers believe that the mental state and one's physical well-being fall into completely different categories."
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Disparities in American Health Care, 2008.
An examination of the American health care system.
2,332 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the American health care system and suggests methods of creating universal access to health care. The paper explains that health care should be considered a right for all citizens; a constitutional amendment would make this proposition mandatory. The paper points out that, at its root, the lack of health care for all in America is fundamentally a moral issue. The paper suggests that the United States follow its industrialized, wealthy counterparts and demand universal health care. It explains that the desire for universal health care is apparent and cites examples of states which are implementing a near-universal health care system. The writer proposes that the U.S. pass the United States National Health Insurance Act, or the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act. The writer further explains that this act establishes the United States National Health Insurance (USNHI) Program to provide all individuals residing in the United States and in U.S. territories with free health care, including all medically necessary care, such as primary care and prevention, prescription drugs, emergency care, and mental health services.
Outline:
Universal Healthcare in Other Countries
United States National Health Insurance Act
The Uninsured: College Students
Children's Health Care
Preventative Health Care
Eliminating Disparities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More health care clinics geared toward minority populations could also be beneficial; citizens would feel more comfortable in settings that recognize their specific needs. Cultural and linguistic competence is mandatory. More classes in medical school concerning minority health care issues should be implemented. More minority members should be in the health care system. This would increase patient participation in care processes, ensuring grater satisfaction and adherence to treatment. The regulations in the system should be transparent and open to the public. A department in the government should be primarily focused on minority health care. The heath care system should be as diverse as our country."
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Health Care Associates, Inc., 2004.
An assessment of the services provided by mental health organization, Health Care Associates Inc.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper assess the mental health and family services provided by Health Care Associates, Inc, a mental health and family/youth crisis intervention organization. The paper attempts to assess the organization's effectiveness in providing services to its client population.
From the Paper
"In this paper, Health Care Associates Incorporated (HCA), which specializes in providing mental health as well as family youth crisis intervention services, will be assessed. More specifically, HCA's macro-structure and its environment will be evaluated in order to explore its effectiveness in providing services to its client population. Sources that were used for the assessment of HCA included agency materials, interviews with the staff and the Internet. HCA was created to cater to the wide-ranging needs of individuals with mental health problems..."
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Long-Term Health Care Industry, 2004.
This paper discusses long-term health care industry, including mental health, social support, and residential services provided to temporarily or chronically impaired persons over an extended period.
2,805 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the long-term health care industry has been affected by trends towards independence through assisted living and away from institutionalization of individuals with chronic health problems. Because more diseases are now treatable, there has been a significant reduction in the number of persons who require long-term care. The author points out that many older individuals are not prepared to face the costs of long-term care because they think it is already fully covered by Medicare. The paper relates that there is a division in the general health care setting between public and private funding; private funding comes from companies and involves a setting that takes market forces into a greater consideration, while public funding comes from the government and has a more regulatory effect on the general health care setting.
Table of Contents
History of the Provider
Current Role of the Provider in the Healthcare System
Current Provider Characteristics
Important Issues Facing the Provider
From the Paper
"In terms of current provider characteristics, there are, as mentioned above, many different types of long-term care. Some examples in the current setting are adult day-care centers and nursing homes, but, also as abovementioned, long-term care is not just for the elderly, but is for all individuals with chronic conditions that mean constant care is necessary. Therefore, the general characteristics of long-term care differ in accordance to what is needed by the individual patient. Also, individuals have many options in allowing for long-term care expenses, but these options are narrowed according to the sophistication of the insurance coverage carried by the individual. Although many insurance companies are now providing better long-term allowances than ever, the premiums and deductibles on these policies are often prohibitive to certain individuals who have limited means."
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Health Care in Rural America, 2006.
This paper examines the lacking health care system in rural communities in the United States.
1,252 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the obvious causes of the disparate health care system that exist in rural areas across America, which are linked to lower levels of fiscal ability and lower incidence of access to hospitals. The writer of this paper contends that children in rural communities face the largest obstacles in obtaining the proper support services, due mostly to their cultural and geographic factors. This paper examines the various issues plaguing these rural communities while also focusing on the lack of quality mental health care and the increasing concern over the high rates of AIDS/HIV. This paper stresses the importance of addressing the mental health concerns of communities with little or no access to quality health care services. The writer of this paper explains why education is key to implementing positive treatment for rural mental health and is crucial to the development of systems that can address the growing concern for HIV/AIDS. This paper also discusses the correlation between increasing incidences of AIDS and HIV in rural communities lacking proper health care services.
From the Paper
"As research is beginning to support the conclusion that taking care of mental health in its nascent stages of problem decreases the ultimate need for more physical care , addressing the mental health concerns of a community with little or no access to quality health care is of the utmost importance; at the same time, filling the community with information about the problems that can arise in high-stress lifestyles, particularly those associated with land-oriented professions at the whims of nature, and the psychological effects they might have is critical. Education, key to starting positive treatment for rural mental health, is critical to the development of good systems that can address the growing concern for HIV/AIDS. According to the National Rural Health Association, HIV/AIDS has a growing negative impact on the health of rural communities in America."
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Job Satisfaction and Health Care, 2002.
Examines the effects of job satisfaction on productivity among behavioral care employees in private mental health care provider organizations.
2,808 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper researches on the job satisfaction in the health care field. The results are reported in different sections following introductory material. In the first section there is a review of the literature relevant to the problem. The methodology for the conduct of the research is presented in the third section. The data analysis findings and a discussion of the findings are also reported in separate sections of the study.
From the Paper
"Behavioral care workers in mental health care provider organizations frequently are required to care for patients who are acutely psychotic, aggressive, highly destructive, suicidal, or at risk of escape. Traditionally, "management strategies" for such patients have included the use of physical restraints, seclusion rooms, or constant one-to-one observation. These strategies have been criticized on grounds of ethics, economics, and efficacy (Montgomery & Johnson, 1996). The continued use of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric facilities "in the face of low confidence in such coercive interventions by health care professional may be a sign both of the persistence of traditional practices which have not been closely examined, as well as by the use of these traditional practices to shield the staff of such facilities against fear of mental illness, violence and loss of control" (Goren & Curtis, 1996, p. 7). Under such conditions, the stress placed on behavioral care workers becomes intense. Even when the needs of patients are less demanding than those described above, pressures and stress on behavioral care givers can reach damaging levels when accompanies by unsatisfactory organizational or working conditions (Wells, Astrachan, Tischler, & Unutzer, 1995)."
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Managed Health Care, 1999.
Shows a definition, its impact on the health care system, structure, economic vs. medical issues, mental health and how it compares to other insurance plans.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of managed care on the American health-care system. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the issue of managed care has assumed importance and then to discuss both its effect on and its effectiveness in the U.S. health care system.
Managed care is the name given to a system of health-care service delivery that rations access to medical services in ways designed to control costs and spread the financial risk to the entity funding the program, "generally accomplished by reducing access to the most expensive types of care and substituting less expensive interventions" (Penney, 1997, p. 48). Like standard health-insurance programs, managed care facilitates the provision of medical care by drawing from a large financial pool paid into by participants. The insurance company or managed care company (MCO)..."
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Mental Health Issues, 2002.
This is a research paper outlining the current issues in mental health, like the stigma that those afflicted will face. The paper looks at who was more likely to stigmatize based on age, sex and experience with mental health.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This study examines who is more likely to stigmatize the mentally ill according to their experiences. Specifically, the study examines the level of knowledge each participant has about mental health issues and their viewpoints on the mentally ill, and whether it is related to gender.
From the Paper
"Stigma, has "traditionally been defined as a sign or mark that designates the bearer defective, and therefore as meriting less valued treatment than normal people" (Heatherton 2000:88). This view of an individual is apparent in all societies. The actual experience of stigma is common. Virtually everyone has experienced some form of stigmatization. Whether it is our personality, our dress, or our economic status. However it has been the mentally ill and former mentally ill individuals who "have traditionally been degraded and rejected; they have experienced prejudice similar to that experienced by racial and ethnic minorities" (Heatherton 2000:103). It is a fault in society to assume that everyone stigmatizes in the same way. It is the way we socialize our children that anyone different is less of a person. The mass media constantly characterizes the mentally ill as "sick", "dangerous", "worthless", "unpredictable" (Heatherton 2000:103). Literature found on mental illness usually states that stigma for the mentally ill is common to all society, but a closer look shows that it fails to differentiate between its origins. Specifically that everyone looks at the mentally ill the same way: that they are negative and violent."
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The Illinois Children's Mental Health Act of 2003, 2008.
This paper describes the Illinois Children's Mental Health Act of 2003 as an example of public policy process.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Illinois Children's Mental Health Act of 2003 creates legislative policy stipulating that a mental health plan, which includes intervention and prevention, will be developed in the state for all children from the age of birth to 18. The author points out that the state desires to implement social education relating to mental health care to change attitudes negatively impacting children with mental problems. The paper concludes that the policy process is a long and extensive venture and that it takes a great deal of commitment to the policy's ideas in order to realize its goals. The author stresses that, when creating policy, the initiators must continue to work with the issues until they have been implemented because, when others take control of the plans, the policy will be altered in a manner that was not intended.
From the Paper
"The inclusion of the focus on academic achievement and the Illinois education system in the Act may indicate that there is a hidden agenda connected to the legislation. As stipulated in the Act there is a concern that the mental illness of students adversely affects their "academic readiness and school success." While there is no doubt that all Americans desire their children to be considered high academic achievers, it should also be considered that, under the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), school districts are required to ensure that students can pass standardized tests in order for the schools to remain operational."
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Job Attrition in Mental Health, 2007.
This paper discusses graduate programs and job attrition among mental health professionals.
2,376 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that concerns over the ability of mental health graduates to make a successful transition into the workforce have sparked a number of evaluations to try to determine what factors are responsible for attrition rates in the mental health field. The writer claims that there is a growing concern that if current trends continue there will not be a sufficient number of mental health workers to meet the needs of future generations. This essay explores available literature on the subject in this field of growing concern. This paper also explores several model programs to evaluate the success of programs by students once they enter the clinical setting. The writer also researches why new clinical psychologists leave the profession soon after they start. Further, the writer discusses the topic of stress and looks at how it affects the ability to retain students in psychology and other related professional fields.
Outline:
Literature Review: Mental Health Graduate Year
Model Evaluation Programs
Stress and Job Prospects
Factors in Enrollment
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Results from the Utah state university program indicate that in general, students are satisfied with their job roles. However, there was some dissatisfaction expressed as a result of salaries obtained by graduates. Other concerns were frustration over the amount of paperwork required by managed care systems and frustration over a lack of training in the business aspects of professional practice. None of the evaluations indicated a lack of knowledge as far as the program was concerned. Students had a high degree of success attaining state licenses. Utah State University began conducting the survey five years ago. This program represents one of the most extensive and proactive evaluation systems found among universities.
Rackham Graduate School began a program as recently as October of 2006 to help retain graduate students and to help them achieve greater success after they graduate. This program focuses on reducing stress in teaching students through management skills designed to deal with the pressures of graduate school."
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