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Media?s Influence on Public Opinion, 2004.
Position paper arguing that the press tends to favor the Republicans.
2,518 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the press is biased in favor of the Republicans. Examples of how the press reports in a positive manner about Republican values and politicians and in a negative manner about Democratic values and politicians are cited to illustrate this bias.The paper shows how this bias positively influences public opinion regarding the Republicans and negatively influences public opinion regarding the Democrats.
From the Paper
"Since the election of Jimmy Carter in 1976, the press has, generally, favored Republicans. To be sure, Jimmy Carter was elected, and so was Bill Clinton, another Democrat. Carter was not re-elected; Clinton was, but by the end of his second term, even his charisma could not carry the nation?s regard, especially as an increasingly conservative mood gripped more than just the very few owners of the conglomerate news media. And, increasingly, the press was negative. The Monica Lewinsky affair, reported by a press increasingly enamored of ?family values,? ensured that Clinton?s achievements would be eclipsed in the public consciousness by his very human failings."
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The Influence of Media "Agenda Setting" on Public Opinion, 2002.
A discussion of the claim that "agenda setting" by the popular media is the most important factor in shaping the public?s view of the importance of an issue.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the research that has been done on the phenomenon of agenda setting by the popular media, and the influence it has on public opinion. The relevant literature is reviewed, demonstrating that a plethora of studies have established that agenda setting is a common occurrence in the popular media. The opposing argument, that the evidence for agenda setting is purely correlational, is addressed. The effects that this influence has on the public's view of what issues are important are explored.
From the Paper
"Agenda setting is a real phenomenon, and is the most important factor in shaping the public?s view of the relative importance of a story. Early studies in communications revealed that the media had a minimal effect on public thinking. As such, the study of agenda setting has become one of the first real investigations into the powerful effect of the media on public opinion (Morgan). Agenda setting is important because it shows that the news media has an important role to play in the subjects that the public think about. Agenda setting, in its most insidious form, tells the public what political matters to consider important (Severn & Tankard)."
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Public Opinion and the Media, 2000.
A discussion about how the media is not only expected to keep an eye out for wrongdoing and to provide a conduit for candidates to convey their messages to the voters, but also plays a large part in guiding the voters' decisions.
1,469 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 48.95
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From the Paper
"Public Opinion is an elusive and highly changeable current that can veer abruptly. In the electronic republic, where decisions on major issues increasingly require direct public input and participation, the need to understand public opinion has become the central ingredient of politics. The United States is the only democracy that organizes its national election campaign around the television and news media. Once upon a time, the press occasionally played an important part in the nomination of presidential candidates. Now the news media do not entirely determine who will win the nomination, but no candidate can succeed without the press. The press is no longer asked only to keep an eye out for wrongdoing and to provide a conduit for candidates to convey their messages to the voters, but it is also expected to guide the voters' decisions. "
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Public Opinion, Media and Special Interest Groups, 1990.
Examines their impact on American politics. Discusses polls, lobbying, campaigns, a case study of Jesse Jackson and judicial issues.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 28 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"Under the rubric of the governmental system of the United States of America, political and social constraints are, in theory, supposed to exist between the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of the government. In practice, it is often the case that one branch or another is more powerful. This may be caused by a variety of reasons, and the perception from the public is that special interest groups, the media, and other extraneous factors combine in a variety of ways to influence political decisions. There is a relatively vague area in which influence peddling becomes lobbying. Lobbying is rather restrictive, yet it is often difficult to substantially prove that lobbying has occurred, and the various social engagements in which political activities are discussed are one of the most difficult areas of governmental life to police (Cowan, 1989)."
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Public Opinion and the National Dominant Media, 2004.
This paper discusses that the dominant media culture in our county controls the media, education, and other ?cultural linkage? institutions, leading the public decidedly in one direction.
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the dominant media culture is the minority, but it controls the majority of cultural influence pipelines. The author points out that the media conglomerates are successful because they present a diverse political and cultural viewpoint that the nation has not heard since CBS, NBC, and ABC took over control of the media centers of the country over 50 years ago. The paper concludes that the process of understanding the political landscape is ultimately the individual?s, not the media's, responsibility.
From the Paper
"According to Common Cause, the big media companies are making their voices heard via large contributions to government legislators in order to gain majority access to the commercial air waves. They are accused of pushing through new rules that allow the huge corporations to buy up more and more media outlets such as television stations, cable networks, radio stations, and newspapers. The results, according to Common Cause, are that we will all be turned into mind numbed robots by the media monopoly. Deregulation, they say has made media outlets less diverse, less inclusive, and less involved with local communities."
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The American Government?s Use of Media to Influence People, 2002.
A paper which shows how the federal government has used the media to sway public opinion and influence choices.
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A paper which shows that, by calling it propaganda in the form of patriotism, the American government has been successful in influencing its people on many matters, both politically and socially, with the use of media. The paper uses America's change in its isolationist policy during WWI as an example. It also shows how the movie industry was used to influence the public.
From the Paper
"But the films were even more effective. It wasn?t necessarily that movies like ?America?s Answer? ? a documentary in 1918 about the sending of the first 500,000 American troops to France ? were great art. The were professionally made, certainly, but their power to persuade Americans in the importance of U.S. engagement in Europe relied not on artistry per se but on each film?s possessing a simple, clear message. The force of this repeated, focused message (a hallmark of effective propaganda in all media) combined with the immediacy of film won over many Americans who ? had they simply been reading about the war in the newspaper ? might well have remained convinced that isolationism was the best policy."
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World Public Opinion, 2002.
This paper defines public opinion and examines whether governments have used public opinion as a political weapon.
3,236 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define 'world public opinion' by drawing upon facets of what we understand of 'public opinion' and by drawing on insights in existing literature. It argues that we see the communication of opinion as a feature of dynamic systems, not merely as a tool unto itself that exists purely as someone's weapon, but an inherent characteristic of human society.
Outline
Public Opinion and Consent
The Notion of World Public Opinion
Opinion as an Inalienable Part of an Open System
References
From the Paper
In the texts from the Western political tradition, the existence of government as moral arbiter for a community of individuals has been assumed to depend on the consent of the ruled. This started off with the idea of the Athenian democracy, where the decisions of the polis were decided with the elites and an assembly of citizens in counsel through discussion and debate. Even as Niccolo Machiavelli generally wrote of the Prince as only needing to appear good, he also wrote that "one of the most powerful remedies that a prince has against conspiracies is not to be hated by the people generally" and even if Machiavelli did note the alternative of securing consent to rule from "those communities which are most powerful" - the soldiers, it is still consent of a different stripe.
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Terrorism: An Analysis of Media Influence, 2005.
Examines how world media coverage influences terrorism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines terrorism and argues that media coverage of terrorist acts inevitably leads to more terrorism, for global media coverage of terrorist attacks wins worldwide attention for terrorists, and this attention motivates them to launch more attacks. The paper argues that terrorism thrives on media coverage, and fades in influence and significance when media attention is diverted elsewhere. Subsequently, terrorist tactics and strategy are very media-oriented, for the mass media is seen by terrorists as a long-range weapon that can strike fear into their enemies, regardless of where they live.
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Media Influence on Teen Values and Behavior, 2004.
Examines some of the research findings regarding the influence that the media have on teen values and behavior.
5,173 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some interesting research findings with respect to the impact and influence of media on teen values and behavior. The paper discusses media influences on violent and aggressive behavior, its influence on sexual attitude and behavior, and its influence on health, racial perceptions, and religious beliefs. The paper then discusses the measures that can be taken to minimize the negative impact of media on teen attitudes, values, and behavior.
Some Interesting Statistics
Influence on Violent and Aggressive Behavior
Influence on Sexual Attitude and Behavior
Influence on Health
Influence on Racial Perceptions
Influence on Religious Beliefs
Controlling the Negative Impact of Media on Teen Values/Behavior
From the Paper
Clearly, teenagers have ample amount of violence to see, observe and adopt. The negative influence of this violent behavior not only affects the teenager?s attitude towards handling conflicts, but also has an impact on how he feels about others. Teens under high influence become less caring and less sensitive towards others. They become disrespectful towards their parents as well as teachers and develop an attitude of being right and of being master of their own life. "Being bad is cool," says fourteen-year-old Rayelyn Rodriguez, when asked about the impact of so much violence freely available on common media."
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Public Opinion and Immigration, 2007.
A review of public opinion towards immigration based on the results of scientific public polling.
4,830 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the focus of research questions used by public opinion scientists to frame the issue of immigration in their studies. The author discusses the known attitudes of Americans towards immigration, including overall public opinion, specific attitudes of significant demographics and relevant research trends. The paper concludes that, even though public opinion regarding immigration is both socially and politically important, research on this topic is still relatively limited. The author points out that polls indicate that, while generally Americans do not support increased immigration, the overall public believes that immigration has benefited the country as a whole but has negatively affected certain economic and social issues. The author underscores that researchers have suggested that family relations and friendships with recent immigrants have shown to produce positive attitudes towards immigration while feelings of prejudice typically coincide with restrictionist immigration views. The paper includes tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodological and Theoretical Issues Presented by Scientific Public Polls
Objectives and Insights: Overall View, Significant Demographic Disparities and Notable Trends
Attitudes towards Immigration Levels with Possibilities for Future Work
Attitudes towards Immigration in General and Regarding Specific Concerns
Proposed Explanations of Inconsistencies and Possibilities for Future Research
Explaining the Gap between Ethnicities with Recommendations for Future Research
Explaining the Gap between Public and Elites' views with Prospects for Future Work
Two Brief Anomalous Periods in 40-Year Trend Reveals Apathy
Possible Factors Influencing Public Opinion: Significant Case Studies
Methodological and Theoretical Issues Identified with Proposed Framework for Future Research
Kathleen Moore: Direct Exposure Theory
Peter Burns and James Gimpel: Prejudice Fueled by Economic Anxiety
Charles Chandler and Tsai Yung-mei: Ranging Social Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A more likely explanation for this gap is represented by the public's combined ignorance, and even sometimes apathy towards immigration legislation. Take, for example, the Gallup polls surveying public opinion towards the proposed 2007 immigration bill. Despite extensive news coverage and the fact that this poll was conducted just days before Congress was scheduled to debate the bill, the number of respondents claiming to have paid attention to the legislation is discouraging. 40% admit to paying little or no attention to the issue, 42% were somewhat attentive while only 18% followed the bill closely."
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The Media's Manipulation and Influence on Foreign Policy, 2002.
An analysis of the American media's effect on foreign policy making and the influences and propaganda behind it.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the media's influence on American foreign policy, focusing on the propaganda and influences, which rule the media. The paper illustrates how the media acts for the interests of the U.S. government and discusses the fact that the media is owned by corporations. The paper claims that the ensuing result is many serious and important events do not get reported and the concept of free press is an illusion.
Format: Chicago style
From the Paper
"Those who witnessed the atrocities of September 11, 2001 all over the world, and especially the United States, are not likely to forget the horrendous images. Every news channel played nonstop footage of planes crashing and buildings collapsing, smoke and flames, people screaming and jumping from buildings, and of course the inevitability that so many would be dead. There is no doubt that this event was a huge disaster and a horrible moment that will leave a mark in history as one of the worst terrorism acts. However, there are numerous catastrophic events, as well as deaths of individuals, that do not produce much of a response in the American media."
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The Supreme Court and Public Opinion, 2006.
An analysis of the effect that the Supreme Court has on public opinion.
2,721 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses the effects of Supreme Court decisions on public opinion as debated by Johnson and Martin in "The Public Conditional Responses to Supreme Court Decisions," Mishler and Sheenan's "The Supreme Court as a Countermajoritarian Institution? The Impact of Public Opinion on Supreme Court Decisions" and Rosenberg in his book "The Hollow Hope". This paper argues that the Supreme Court does have an effect on public opinion but that such effects are conditional.
From the Paper
"It would be simple to conclude that the Supreme Court either has an effect on public opinion or that it has no effect whatsoever on public opinion. The correct conclusion would be to say that the Supreme Court has an effect on public opinion and that such effect is not always clearly determinable. In other words, "The Supreme Court can and does influence public attitudes toward highly salient issues, but its effect is conditional" (Johnson and Martin, 1998, 306). This is known as the Conditional Response Theory, as established by Johnson and Martin in their article The Public's Conditional Response to Supreme Court Decisions. Johnson and Martin assert that the Conditional Response Theory is based on three facts: First, the Supreme Court is viewed as a creditable institution and therefore a highly legitimate one. "
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The Media?s Influence on Adolescents? Body Image, 1999.
An analysis of the effects of media on the appearance of adolescents.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the media influences the way adolescents view the ideal body image. The author examines the type of stereotypes that the media encourages and the way that this effects society.
From the Paper
"Adolescence is a time for learning and growth. This time can be easier to handle by some than others. For some it can be a revelation of new experiences and ideas, while adolescence can also be a difficult, stressful time for those trying to discover themselves. This can affect themselves as well as those around them. During this time, adolescents are likely to identify with those around them, their peers. Identifying with peers can help adolescents along by giving them the opportunity to see how others deal with problems similar to their own and by offering their own advice to those who need it. Along with this, adolescents are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the ?desired? image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. Nevertheless, some adolescents will go too far to achieve this image, usually this is done by adolescent females who wish to become thin. This can be attributed to media?s portrayal of women. The majority of women in ads, television and movies are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. Adolescent girls will see these women and may want their image as their own, and some will go to any lengths to acquire this. This in turn could lead to the idea that during this process of change and growing up, adolescents are often concerned about their physical image, which is influenced by the media."
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Public Opinion, 2002.
This paper looks at the effects of public opinion on politics.
2,470 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues relating to public opinion. It discusses what moves public opinion and the implications for the political process. This paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening the relationship between policy making and public opinion.
From the Paper
"Public opinion is both essential and vital in our information-fueled democracy. Many factors influence politicians, including constituents, lobbyists, mass media, political parties, and special interest groups. In addition, politicians are directly and indirectly influenced by public opinion, i.e., sentiments expressed by citizens regarding a particular issue. Public opinion is crucial to policymaking because it has the ability to determine or shape policymakers? choices. Unlike lobbyists, political parties, and special interest groups, public opinion is less vulnerable to external influences and motivations (i.e., the desire to vote a certain way in the hopes of gaining increased financial support). Likewise, public opinion creates an opportunity for politicians to get in touch with their constituents and to understand their views. This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues relating to public opinion. Part II discusses what moves public opinion. In Part III, the implications for the political process are examined. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening the relationship between policymaking and public opinion."
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The Media's Influence on Teenage Smoking, 2002.
A paper which questions the media's role in creating teenage smokers.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The effects of media are often the scapegoat for a lot of society's problems and teen smoking is no exception. Many people believe that the media is solely to blame for the rise in teen smokers in the U.S. However, there are more determinant factors at work here. This paper explores the causes of teen smoking and provides arguments against the current media effects theories circulating at the moment. It shows that the media is only a vehicle for the tobacco companies to use in promoting their brands to the general public. It shows too that the major influences that determine whether an adolescent will start smoking involve the quality of their relationship with their parents, their peer group dynamic, and the state of their emotional health. The author surmises that only in addressing the problems that may exist in these areas can society properly address the problem of teen smoking.
From the Paper
"As an example of the impact advertising has on the teenaged population, another research study discovered that 12- and 13-year-olds residing in Massachusetts who had seen an anti-smoking television commercial were half as likely to take up smoking compared to those who hadn't seen the anti-smoking ad. Interestingly enough, older teenagers did not appear to be affected by the same ads. This is probably due to the fact that older adolescents possess stronger opinions about certain subjects and so cannot be easily swayed or their addiction to tobacco is already entrenched which would nullify the effects of the anti-smoking campaign on them. While the impact of media on young impressionable minds cannot be ignored, it is not the only factor that compels some teenagers to start smoking. Various other factors, which are a bigger determinant, are also at work."
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