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Media Impact on American Consciousness, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of the media on American public consciousness.
14,447 words (approx. 57.8 pages), 37 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at who and what manipulates the American media, and why. The paper discusses the impact this media has on the American public and their consciousness, and how it ultimately effects their lives and society as a whole. The paper also studies various writings related to this topic.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Further, the majority of the power to define reality, in this view of the news process, resides at the point of the reporter-source contact. By the time the story makes its way to the editor, the most important gatekeeping decisions have already been made. The factors that serve to constrain or, conversely, facilitate reporter interaction with some sources and events and not others are important for understanding news content (Rotberg & Weiss, 1966). In this environment, gatekeepers have played an increasingly important role in the West. "Due to widespread uncertainty over the precise ingredients of a best-seller formula," write Rossman and Suman, "administrators are forced to trust the professional judgment of their employees. Close supervision in the production sector is impeded by ignorance of relations between cause and effect" (2000, p. 72).
The concept of "agenda setting" took its name from the concept that the mass media have the ability to transfer the importance and relevance of items on their news agendas to the public agenda (Bryant & Zillman, 1994). The concept was originally investigated in the traditional context of mass communication and voter behavior; however, it is being increasingly applied to other social and political events as well. For instance, "Through their routine structuring of social and political reality, the news media influence the agenda of public issues around which political campaigns and voter decisions are organized" (Bryant & Zillman, 1994 p. 4). This impact is felt every day as journalists throughout the world deal with the news in several important ways, which are discussed further below."
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Media's Impact on Adolescent Self-Perception, 2001.
This paper examines the media's influence on adolescents in America today.
8,515 words (approx. 34.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 180.95
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Abstract
This paper describes three basic angles of the media's impact on adolescent self-perception. The paper illustrates the media?s most positive portrayal of teenagers and its more customary negative angle. It provides real world examples of the state of adolescence in America. The paper explores how and why corporate America and the media affect the nation?s children.
Table of Contents
I. Fear is in the TV: Media images of an adolescent world
II. Truth is in the Streets: The rest of the story
III. Autopsy Reports in the Profit Margins: What does Corporate America have to gain?
a. Media Stock in Violence
b. Drug Companies and the New Marketplace
c. Get Tough on Crime (it?s easy on the approval ratings)
d. Selling Popularity
IV. I Don?t Want to Be Part of Your World: Self-definition and other underage options
a. Media Complications and Youth Reactions
b. Self-Definition and Viable Options
V. Summary
VI. Sources Used
From the Paper
"I began work on this paper with every intention of sticking to traditional subjects. I planned to discuss media portrayal of women and beauty, the formation of high school ?cool? through marketing and media pressure, and the legalities of advertising to teenagers. Along the way I expected to discuss such random issues as cartoon characters and smoking campaigns. However, once I actually started my research, an entirely different topic kept popping up over and over again: the negative media portrayal of teenagers and the wholesale selling of violence and mind-altering drugs.
"Multiple school shootings have passed in recent memory. Daily news reports continue to be filled with stories of adolescent murderers and children in adult prisons. The question then presented itself to my mind, how does all this negative media coverage affect the way teens view themselves, and the way in which they interact with the world? Are teens today really more violent, and if so, is that the fault of the entertainment media or some other cause? What is it like to be part of a subculture that takes the brunt of these media scandals? Is it all hype, and does the hype worsen the problem?
Increasingly my other research seemed to pale in comparison to these questions. One day when I was at the library, a boy walked by wearing a Marilyn Manson T-shirt that piqued my interest and made up my mind as to how I should approach this paper. It read: "Is adult entertainment killing our children, or is killing children entertaining our adults?" I set myself the task of answering that question, and further exploring how media messages on violence and group conformity might change the self-perception and self-identification of adolescents, with a focus on the events at Columbine.
There are three basic angles that I felt needed to be explored. First, I attempted to explain the media?s most positive portrayal of teenagers and its more customary, negative angle. Then I contrasted these stereotypes with a few real-world truths about the state of adolescence in America. Finally, I tried to explore how and just as importantly, why, corporate America and the general media have affected our children."
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The Media's Impact on Young Women, 2005.
A discussion on the negative effects of the media on women.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a literary review of studies done to prove the impact of the the media on young women's drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. The author reviews three such studies and discusses the results of each. The paper also expands on the beneficial methods of research used in each study. It offers suggestions for future research on the topic.
From the Paper
"Results of the study indicated that many of the participants viewed themselves as being overweight, thus having high levels of both body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness even though their BMI's indicated that they were bordering on being underweight. The girls reported watching an extremely great amount of television per week; however, the amount of television watched, great as it was, was not related to the rise in body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Certain types of TV programs were instead found to have that relationship. Programs such as soap operas and movies, for example, were related to the rise in body dissatisfaction experienced by these women, while the watching of music videos led to them experiencing a high drive for thinness. These results indicate that the types of programs watched on TV matters more towards a woman's susceptibility towards body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness than amount of TV watched."
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Impacts of Media Violence, 2008.
This paper discusses the impact of violence in the media on children.
1,416 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that mass media plays an important role in our every day lives. The writer then discusses that since violence is a 'staple' in movies and computer games and on television the question of how one responds to the massive amounts of violence portrayed in mass media is of great concern. The writer notes that there seems to be a consensus amongst scientists that violence on television and video games can increase aggression both in children and adults, although there is a minority of researchers who point out the limitations of the research conducted. The writer maintains that most research has shown that children's exposure to violence in the mass media can have short-term as well as lifelong consequences. The writer concludes that the violence shown in the media can be learned and copied especially by children, but how that violence is portrayed is also very important.
From the Paper
"Studies have shown that children as well as adults by repeatedly and often watching violence on television may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of the victims and others in general. This can make them emotionally desensitized towards violence in real life, and may decrease the likelihood that as they get older they will assist a real victim when violent crime occurs. Research done in this area has shown that people watching violent scenes on TV have relatively intense physiological responses at the beginning; with repeated exposure these are reduced.
"Viewing violence and television can also cause fear. This feeds a perception that the world is a violent and mean place, which can increase fear of becoming a victim of violence."
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The Impact of Media on Society, 2007.
An examination of the commercialization of media in American society.
2,830 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the complex relationship between society, advertisers, and the media. The paper discusses how, while consumers drive mass media and advertisers, they are also shaped and driven by mass media. Furthermore, the blurring of entertainment media, news media, and advertisements has made the relationship even more complex. The paper concludes that modern communication has become increasingly more uniform, resulting in the marginalization of groups outside of the targeted demographic, which has become the new representation of normal.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the interrelationship between the media and society, it is important to have a total understanding of what organizations form what is referred to as the mass media. Media refers to "those organized means of dissemination of fact, opinion, entertainment, and other information, such as newspapers, magazines, cinema films, radio, television, the World Wide Web, billboards, books, CDs, DVDs, videocassettes, computer games and other forms of publishing." (Mass Media 2006)."
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The Impact of Various Media on Children, 2008.
A discussion of the negative effects of mass media on children and a suggestion of possible solutions to the problem.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of various forms of mass media upon children. Specifically, the paper focuses on the impact of videos, TV shows, movies and the Internet. The paper takes a look at how each media can lead to potentially disastrous outcomes if not enough is done by parents to stem the over-exposure of their children to violent or unhealthy programs, games, or films. The paper also devotes some time to looking at a few important but often under-valued steps parents can take that will protect their children with regards to all of the various types of media outlined above.
From the Paper
"Excessive television watching, just like excessive time in front of a computer screen playing video games of one kind or another, can harm children in many more ways than merely psychologically. For one thing, too much television viewing can negatively impact a child's eating habits, weight, physical activity, interest in scholastic matters, physical health, and school performance. Every bit as troubling, a child's sleep patterns and his or her susceptibility to seizures can genuinely be affected by how much television he or she chooses to watch (Gupta, 1994). Parents who fail to understand these facts run the distinct risk of endangering the health and long-term welfare of their children."
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The Dangerous Impact of the Media on Terrorism, 2001.
A look at how the media can inadvertently assist terrorists in their cause.
2,360 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essays shows how the media can actually assist terrorists in their cause, and advocates regulations for the way that terrorist acts are portrayed in the media.
From the Paper
"?Terrorism is...the unlawful use or threat of violence against persons or property to further political or social objectives? (Szumski 16). Terrorism has disrupted the lives of millions in the United States and around the world. Fifty percent of all terrorist acts occur in the Middle East, and most of these events are connected to Israel, Iran, and Lebanon (Kronenwetter 38). Media has had a considerable impact on terrorism and its growth, both positively and negatively. Many believe that the media presents terrorism in way that informs and warns people of the danger, yet others believe that the news coverage helps the terrorists in their cause. The manner in which mass media presents terrorism to the public should be regulated in order to reduce the number of terrorist acts."
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Oprah's Impact on Mass Media, 2008.
A discussion of Oprah Winfrey, the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history.
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the many accomplishments of Oprah Winfrey that include being a billionaire, an Oscar-nominated actress, a Broadway producer, one who changed the face of daytime television and has brought giving to reality television competitions. The paper shows how Oprah's multi-media success is unprecedented and the fact that she is female and an African-American only make her success more remarkable.
From the Paper
"Whether one is a supporter or a detractor of Oprah Winfrey, it is difficult to ignore the fact that she has had a tremendous impact on the mass media in the United States. She is probably the most-recognized television personality, and is certainly the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history. She is a billionaire, the head of media conglomerate, in addition to being an Oscar-nominated actress, "activist, magazine editor, producer, book club sponsor, and radio host." (People). Oprah's success changed the face of daytime television, transforming the talk show format into a forum for serious discussions, both on her own show and with her creation of the Dr. Phil show."
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Impact Of News Media On America, 1989.
Discusses power, functions, freedoms & restrictions; TV, newspapers, Nixon, Viet Nam war; competition, advertising and manipulation.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Free and uncensored news media are essential for a democratic society. Just as death follows a person deprived of air, tyranny follows a society deprived of honest knowledge about the community, the nation, and the world. Thus, the media's role in American culture needs to be periodically evaluated. The purpose of this research is to examine the functions and power of the mass media in the United States and its impact on society.
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
Throughout this research, the terms "press" and "communications media" are used interchangeably to connote all institutional means for mass communication of information throughout society, including newspapers, television, radio and mass circulation magazines. Although it is difficult to gauge how much power is wielded by the media, there is no question the (...)"
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Consciousness, 2002.
A discussion of the many notions of consciousness and if they are all equally problematic.
2,472 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to answer the question ?what are the various concepts the term ?consciousness? picks out?? It outlines six different notions of consciousness, self-consciousness, minimal consciousness, perceptual consciousness, phenomenal consciousness, access consciousness and higher order consciousness and shows why they are not equivalent. It examines how every one of these concepts of consciousness is problematic in that they have all alluded a complete scientific explanation and how phenomenal consciousness and perceptual consciousness are more likely to allude scientific analysis than the others.
From the Paper
"Matters are different, however, when it comes to phenomenal consciousness (and therefore perceptual consciousness, for remember that perceptually conscious mental states are a subset of the phenomenally conscious ones). To be sure, phenomenally conscious mental states can and do represent the world and play an important role in producing behavior. That?s why so many mental states are both phenomenally conscious and access conscious. But an explanation of the functional role phenomenally conscious states play in can never be a complete explanation of those states. For such an explanation will inevitably leave something out of the picture. What will it leave out? An explanation of the subjective quality of the experience?something that can differ from individual to individual."
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Language, Consciousness, and Reality, 2005.
Examines Starhawk's philosophy that language shapes consciousness and consciousness shapes reality.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on Starhawk's philosophy that language shapes consciousness and consciousness shapes reality. Within the paper it is shown that Starhawk's belief is that language can have a deciding factor on a person's perception of themselves, and through this perception they develop concepts of reality in their consciousness. Therefore, this perception then shapes their reality.
From the Paper
"Reality, according to Starhawks, is a state in which we must find definition. It is how we define reality within our consciousness that ultimately determines the type of power that will control our lives. As individuals, what we perceive to be real will be. What we believe to be true will happen. The key to discovering a harmony in life is to come to the realization that people do have a final say in how their lives will be lived, and through the consciousness every individual can make that choice. To understand how this is possible the individual must first comprehend that there are powers in the world. Starhawks contends that there is the "power-over" which is any power that comes from outside of the individual that is controlling."
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Consciousness, 2002.
A review of the various methods that have been used to study the nature of consciousness.
2,553 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the phenomena of consciousness. It studies the claims of scientists like John Searle, that there is a reductive, scientifically explainable process that results in consciousness. It discusses how philosophers like David Chalmers criticize the reductive explanation and how Chalmers argues for a more nuanced, dualistic view, one that recognizes the phenomenon?s more subjective and qualitative aspects.
Outline
Definitions of Consciousness
Is Consciousness Scientifically Explainable
The Limits of Scientific Explanation
Chalmers? Naturalist Dualism
Evaluation of the Scientific Model and Chalmers? Critiques
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The advent of computer technology and artificial intelligence has led to a refinement of the mind-body problem. A more accurate term would be the mind-brain relationship, as scientists are identifying the mind with the brain. The biochemical and biophysical findings continue to shed more light on mental actions and conscious thought. Many scientists now believe that brain processes are themselves mental processes, and that a scientific understanding of consciousness and other mental phenomenon rests on a greater understanding of the brain itself."
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"Double Consciousness", 2003.
A review of W.E.B Dubois literary piece "Double Consciousness".
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines W.E.B Dubois literary piece "Double Consciousness" about the conflict focusing around the life of colored people and their struggle to live life bound by the intense realms of racial injustice in a prejudicial American society. It looks at how Dubois shows how blacks had to live their life on a day to day basis, thinking of themselves with a ?double consciousness.? In one consciousness, colored people looked at themselves with an allegiance and pride of their African culture and its traditions and in the other were coerced to look at themselves in the way that the dominant culture perceived them to be. It shows how Dubois uses such techniques like mighty phrases of repetition, symbolic structures and unique narrative tone in order to convey his concept of ?double consciousness? into the mind of the reader.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, Dubois utilizes more elements of structural devices that enrich his essay. In the third paragraph of Dubois? literary piece, his tone is quite unique in relaying a message to the reader. In this last paragraph, Dubois places no periods until nearly the end of the paragraph. Indeed, the author does this for it provides the structure of the essay with a unique rhythm that overwhelms the reader with a series of ideas and vital conceptions. The narrative technique here raises the tone of the literary piece while formulating tension and surprise, which coerces the reader to keep reading to see how this immense tension will resolve."
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Marshall McLuhan and the Media, 2006.
This paper examines the views and opinions of author Marshall McLuhan regarding the modern media and its impact on humanity.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the predictions and views of media guru Marshall McLuhan, who argued that all forms of media exert a compelling influence on humanity and society and not necessarily for the benefit of man. In one of his more well-known books, "The Medium is the Massage," McLuhan contends that people consume both medium and message as a total experience. The writer of this paper details the rapidly advancing technologies of the 21st century while examining their impact on humanity and society. This paper discusses the views of McLuhan, one of the founders of media ecology, who voiced his concerns that the media, especially television, brought the brutalities of war into our living rooms, while making the viewer numb to the negative happenings of the world. The author had many strong opinions regarding modern forms of media and communication, such as the telephone. McLuhan was concerned that phones made it possible for people to talk with one another without actually being together. This paper also delves into the various predictions and concerns McLuhan had regarding the emergence of electronic media, in which the author often stated that man's dependence on electronic forms of media would eventually spell the end of humanity as it it now known.
From the Paper
"Of more concern, technology continues to expand the gap between the haves and have-nots. According to the International Telecommunication Union, 90 percent of Internet users come from industrialized countries and only 25 percent of people in developing countries have Internet access. A computer in Bangladesh costs eight years the country's annual salary. Similarly, in the United States, for example, technology, especially the Internet, is a class issue. Compare the number of the technology budget and wired PCs and laptops in the suburbs to that of the inner-cities and other poorer areas of the country. Information is power, and the power is located in similar pockets as the money."
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The Problem of Consciousness, 2006.
This paper uses two different theories by John R. Searle and David J. Chalmers in order to discuss the problem of consciousness.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at two works that attempt to deal with the problem of consciousness. These works are "Minds, Brains, and Programs" by John R. Searle and "Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness" by David J. Chalmers. The writer points out that there are many similarities between these works. However, there are also a wide range of differences. It is argued in this essay that Chalmers provides the better explanation for consciousness. The writer maintains that this is because he uses a non-reductive method to try and explain the nature of consciousness based on the idea that experience is a fundamental.
From the Paper
"Consciousness is one of the most problematic concepts in philosophy, psychology, neurobiology and a wide range of other disciplines."
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