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Media Censorship, 2007.
This paper argues that the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of media depiction of violence on children does not justify censorship of the media.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the report of the Senate Judiciary Committee, chaired by Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah, in 1999, paints a dire picture of the levels of violence with which the media was bombarding children. The author points out that this Senate report presents the causal connection between movie and television violence and aggressive behavior in children as a proven conclusion. The paper relates that a review of the underlying data through scientific studies shows that there is considerable doubt as to just how perverse an influence media violence has on children. The author concludes that the inconclusive nature of the data indicates that the American people should be cautious about taking precipitate actions based on this report, and should, at least for now, resist any effort at media censorship.
From the Paper
"Reporting on Professor Eron's original 1960 study of 8 and 9 year olds in Columbia County, New York, Rhodes noted that Eron's and his team investigated a wide range of factors to attempt to measure aggression. Of these, watching violence on television was effectively an afterthought. Further, the data were not consistent: girls who watched television showed no higher levels of aggression, and boys who watched television the most extensively were the least aggressive in the study. In their first follow-up study, Eron and his colleagues did find a statistical correlations between high levels of television watching and aggressive behavior..."
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Censorship and the Media, 2006.
Examines how modern censorship affects books, films, plays and television.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Censorship in media is the management and control of the ideas and information circulated surrounded by a society. This paper examines how, in contemporary times, censorship denotes the assessment of media including periodicals, books, motion pictures, plays, and television as well as radio programs, for the purpose of suppressing or altering parts thought to be distasteful. The paper examines the censorship process on the media.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Censorship of Media
Books/Printed Materials
Films
Music
Corporate Media
Advertising
References
From the Paper
"Corporate media is a term of mockery used by media critics in American political conversation, particularly by progressives and leftists, to entail that the mainstream media is maneuvered by large multinational companies. The critics mention that the major nationwide networks, CBS, NBC, and ABC, and most if not all of the smaller cable channels, are in possession of large corporations: CBS Corporation, General Electric, and Disney correspondingly that they say control and clean out news that does not fit their business schema. They also dispute that the programming on Fox News Channel plainly reflects the traditional perspectives of Rupert Murdoch, who owns and heads FOX parent company News Corp., over and above Roger Ailes, the CEO of FOX News itself."
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Censorship in the American Media, 2004.
A discussion of why censorship of sexuality cannot exist in the modern American media.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the American cultural fascination, on one hand, and repulsion, on the other hand, of explicit sexuality, which is almost always simultaneously accompanied by calls for banning certain forms of expression. The paper contends that allowing a free and open media is important for economic, as well as artistic reasons, in order to create a more representative and expansive popular culture.
From the Paper
"With the rather sentimental reminiscing about the end of the ten-year-old television show ?Friends,? it is easy to forget some of the controversy that surrounded this eight p.m. show during its first years of network airing, before its images became institutionalized as part of our cultural discourse. ?Friends? was noted for the high level of sexuality incorporated into a relatively early show, spanning the reference framework from lesbianism to single motherhood, to ?going commando? in one?s style of evening underwear. The recent ?wardrobe malfunction? of Janet Jackson on live television during the Super Bowl similarly highlighted the discomfort with open displays of sexuality on television in American culture, that seems to be accompanied by an equally intense fascination with sexuality."
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Censorship in America, 2002.
Discusses issues of self-censorship and the media in the United States.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper shall examine the issue of self- censorship in the mainstream media in the United States.
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Ethics, Media Violence and Juvenile Crime, 2002.
An examination of the relationship between media and juvenile crime focusing on the ethical obligation of the media to censor violent material.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This piece is a overview of the impact of the media on juvenile crime. The author looks at the problem by focusing on the ethical implications involved. The author begins by describing how many analysts believe there is a link between the media and the rising amount of juvenile violence in America. The author analyzes the reasoning behind those who believe the media has an ethical obligation to restrict amounts of "offensive' material. The author then takes a critical stance, pointing out that no criminal act has ever been linked to the media and that censorship is not a viable option because it would not solve the underlying issues. The author then argues, from a law enforcement perspective, that parents need to better prepare their children to handle the influence of the media. Situations in which children are abused, neglected, and economically displaced are also a key cause of juvenile crime and need to be addressed.
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Mass Media Violence and Children, 2008.
This paper analyzes the effects of mass media violence on children and the growing issue of television censorship in the 20th and 21st centuries.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the dangers of violent television programming that have been influencing children within the family unit. The author examines different media of this type of cultural violence and the government and television corporation regulations that allow this type of programming. The paper evaluates the research on violence and children within the family unit to gain a greater understanding of why censorship and monitoring groups have played a greater role in regulating violence in the mass media construct. This paper concludes that the various aspects of classical conditioning, aggressive personality acquisition and other psychological factors compromise the total scope of how mass media television plays a large role in conditioning children.
From the Paper
"The premise of censorship has arisen due to the nature of television programming, which is available for children to watch alongside their elders. The problematic solutions for media violence and personality identifiers are the main objective in gaining a greater sense of rights for how children should be perceived in TV and film programming. The negativity of studies on media representations reveals why children should have a larger role in creating policies for televised and media based programs to give a more positive psychological affirmation to their behaviors."
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Iran And The Media, 2002.
Discusses the media history of Iran, including censorship and manipulation.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A survey and analysis of Iran and how its government under the Shah and Islamic Republic censored and manipulated its media. It also looks at how Iran's people are finding loopholes to access the media in the West.
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Media and Adolescent Viewers, 2006.
A research proposal of the effects of the media on adolescent viewers.
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research study analyzes the effects of media on adolescent viewers. In particular the research attempts to determine what, if any, forms of censorship may be necessary to limit adolescent access to overtly violent or sexual media images. It also discusses what psychological and physical effects such images have on adolescent viewers, both in the short term and the long term.
Table of Contents:
Synopsis
Research Goals & Methods
Discussion
Overview of Major Issues
Literature and Historical Evidence
Sexual Harassment and Media
Violence and Media
Mass Media and Sexuality
Summary of Report
From the Paper
"Cognitive social learning theory suggests that adolescents viewing negative, violent or overtly sexual behaviors in the media will mimic them when other more appropriate models are not available (Brown, 2002). Modeling also occurs when the model "is perceived as attractive" or when serving some functional values (Brown, 2002). If children are spending so much time in front of mass media images it is likely they will begin to form their own conclusions about what is and what is not appropriate."
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Censorship, 2002.
This paper presents a detailed examination of censorship. The writer explores the reasons that the first amendment should not always be followed and how censorship in some cases may be the best course of action.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
An opinion paper about how there are times that censorship should be instituted. The writer argues that in most cases the attempt to censor or the act of censorship is something that should be fought at all costs, however there are occasional times when censorship would be beneficial. It explains why the nation should follow the constitutional first amendment in most instances but in light of recent historical events it is time to rethink the 100 percent rule. The use of censorship for the protection of millions is something that needs to be revisited, and embraced.
From the Paper
"On 9-11-2003 the nation watched in terror as the towers came down. Until then the nation?s residents had lived in the secure belief that they were untouchable and that the strength of the United States constitution and all of its amendments were a brick wall surrounding the country from harm(Page pg L15). The rights and protections of the first amendment have been challenged periodically throughout the nation?s history but after the terrorist attacks it has become evident that there needs to be some flexibility when it comes to the issue of censorship with regards to first amendment rights. In a recent survey more than half of those participants who took it believed that the time has come to provide some flexibility in the first amendment and that some forms of censorship are positive actions for the emotional, physical and collateral safety of those who live here. In the 2002 survey, nearly half of those questioned said they believe the First Amendment goes way overboard in guaranteeing rights to Americans? though many politicians spoke out in favor of the amendment(Page pg L15). "
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Censorship, 2006.
A discussion about censorship and the controversy surrounding it.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the good and bad sides of censorship and points out the need for a balance. The paper focuses on three types of censorship: military censorship, censorship of pornography and violence, and ideological censorship. The paper contains an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"The concept of censorship is relatively simple: material that is harmful to people in some way should not be allowed to circulate where they can see, hear or be influenced by it. Material that incites people to commit acts of violence..."
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Censorship in England, 2002.
Examines censorship of the media in England and the reasons the government feels that censorship is necessary in certain cases.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The topic of censorship is usually applied to less-developed countries, but it is crucial to remember that censorship is found in varying aspects in all countries. This paper addresses England as a country that promotes censorship as both a mechanism for civil defense and a means of ensuring the welfare of their citizens.
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Media in China, 2007.
A description of the slow rate of change regarding media freedom in China.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although modern China may be adopting a more market-oriented economy, a full transition to a free market system of the press as a Westerner might understand freedom is unlikely. This is examined as a sociological phenomena, known as the frame theory of communication. This frame is also used to consider capitalism and its relationship with a free press. The paper discusses changes in China's attitude toward the media, yet concludes that the state still reserves the right to intervene and limit the media's functions by means of legal censorship, subsidies and direct media control.
From the Paper
"True, with greater media commercialization, the media, Party and government organs did become business entities, "similar to a western capitalist system with advertising, subscription dependence and capital investment (Winfield & Peng, 2005: 260). But while the Chinese media has become decentralized in terms of who disseminates the information, official censorship still remains. While the press is no longer a mouthpiece for Marxism and Maoism, "China's uniqueness," such as the longstanding respect for Confucianism and hierarchy "has been largely ignored," by scholars who argue that capitalism inevitably and invariably sows the seed of freedom (Winfield & Peng, 2005: 266). Such scholars are blinded by the Western frame of capitalism as unfettered choice."
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Misleading Virtualization of War and Censorship, 2005.
Examines how the United States needed to use mass media to justify its war on terror and in Iraq.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, due to the fact that America is a country run by its people, the government needed justification for the intensification of the war in Iraq and against terror. The writer examines the techniques used by mass media to portray the war and questions whether there was censorship or governmental rule over the media during this period.
From the Paper
"The United States is a democratic country in which the people play a major role in the making of decisions. Their opinions and views have to be considered. Therefore, the country cannot decide to enter a war or attack another country unless it makes its case in front of the American voters. Due to this, the War on Terror that President Bush is now engaged in is fought on the battle ground and in the media. If this war is to be successful according to the wishes of the Bush Administration, then it has to be won on these two sides. To achieve this victory on the media side, the United States has to convince its people that war is necessary. Supposedly, it should do so by giving them the facts that support the necessity of war. However, the reporting of the truth may have the consequence of losing support for this war. In order to avoid the loss of this support, Susan L. Carruthers informs us in "New Media, New War," that the media present a "virtualization of war" (671). In this way, the war is communicated to the citizens as an event that is somewhere "between the real and the hyperreal." Thus, they do know that a war is being fought but they think of this war as a clean one, which does not involve the high losses of life or the destruction of countries. That is to say, the war becomes something like a videogame, with the belief that the high technology weapons have created military confrontations in "which injury has seemingly disappeared, along with enemy and civilian capacity to tolerate casualties" (Carruthers 671). The more realistic views and events of the war such as the death of a minimum of 3,767 innocent poor Aghanistani citizens who were not involved in either the Taliban or al Qaeda, from American bombs (Milne), are not strongly represented as they would contradict this whole image of the "virtualization of war," and could cause public opinion to be against the war. Therefore, the objectors to the war on terror and its extending into Iraq have to destroy this whole idea of the clean and "virtualized" war and present a more realistic view of it. Thus, the American media is currently a field of war between the supporters of striking Iraq and the objectors to it. The fact that most of the American people still remember the Gulf War on Iraq as still a virtual war in which the United States had a quick and easy success, should have allowed the supporters of the war an easy victory over its objectors in the media, were it not for the fact that there are some voices in the American media who are making an effective counter argument against war and its "virtualization.""
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Homosexuality and the Media, 2004.
An exploration of the depiction of homosexuality in the media.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the media plays a prominent role in modern society and how the depiction of controversial topics, such as racism, sexism, and homophobia tends to influence social values, often to an inflammatory degree. In particular, it looks at how, recently, an increasing number of films and television programs have focused on homosexuality and how depictions of homosexuality in the media have not only affected how others view homosexuals, but also how gay people see themselves and the rights that they have.
Outline
Homosexuality in Film since the 1890s
Ignoring the Issue: Censorship
Homosexuality as the Subject of Laughter
Homosexuality and Violence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the 1990's and the first years of the new millennium, homosexuality has become an increasingly prominent issue in the media. The most controversial issue currently is same-sex marriages, forbidden by law in several states. Not allowing homosexual people to have rights is a type of censorship resulting from willfully ignoring the issue. General society is often not comfortable with the issue of homosexuality because it is either ignored or maligned by the media. Advertisements, television programs and indeed films featuring homosexuality is the exception rather than the rule. The consequences of ignoring the issue however is that the fundamental rights promised by the Constitution to every citizen are becoming a travesty of its original intention (Erwin)."
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Sex, Drugs and Violence in the Media, 2002.
A look at the powerful influence of the media on children and teenagers.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of media in sexual conduct, drug abuse and violence among the youth. It examines the television network's right and duty to censorship and also discusses how parents have a part to play in deciding what children can and should watch. The paper also presents arguments against censorship, stating that the parents should openly discuss these issues with their children.
From the Paper
"The media has been blamed for virtually every adverse action taken by today?s youth. Former Education Secretary William Bennett says ?the debate over violence in the media is not just about violence, it's about the debasement of culture." It has been the current trend to attack the youth of Generation Y and Generation X, for what critics call their lack of values, and respect. Critics have argued that the excessive promiscuity, blatant use of drugs and overall disregard for societal values exhibited in the media has lead to increased violence, unacceptable teen pregnancy rates as well as other social ills."
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