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Measuring Crime Rates, 2007.
This paper attempts to identify appropriate methodologies for exploring crime rates.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theory that the increase in crime rates have led to a need to respond to reported instances of crime, thus requiring increased action on the part of local police, fire and civil service departments. The paper explains that this correlation has been used to justify requisitioning a larger budget for law enforcement. The paper provides a hypothetical research methodology to identify any actual correspondence between these two variables.
Outline:
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Study Design and Execution
Expected Outcome and Limitations on Methodology
From the Paper
"The research design used to test this potential correlation is quantifiable and seeks to isolate units of measurement between two specific trends (Creswell 17). The first of these trends is an increase in crime statistics. The second is an increase in overtime pay for law enforcement officials. The scope of the research spans from the time when crime rates began to rise, which has been set at seventeen years ago to create an appropriate margin of error. Historical data for crime rates prior to this time period are also known and can be used to create a historical profile of the norms for both crime rates and overtime pay."
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Unemployment and Crime Rates, 2004.
Looks at the effect that unemployment has had on the crime rates in New York City.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of unemployment on the crime rates in New York City in the past few years. Initially, the paper focuses on data and statistics concerning the correlation between the increase in unemployment rates and subsequent increases in crime. The paper then attempts to demonstrate that an increase in the unemployment rate leads to an increase in the crime rate in New York City. The paper also discusses three theories that can explain this positive correlation between unemployment rate and crime rate.
From the Paper
"In the graph (New York Crime Rates 1976-2000) that follows we see that the Crime rates for the same ten year period have actually decreased every year. This is the case in spite of fluctuations in the unemployment rate. There are several reasons why these anomalies exist. The first factor involves an increase in law enforcement personnel and the city?s more aggressive stance on crime. In addition, these statistics ignore many important factors such as race because unemployment rates among minorities are higher. In addition, it does not explain crime rates in neighborhoods where the unemployment rates are higher. Without these factors it is difficult to see the whole picture and what is really happening in these underemployed neighborhoods."
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Crime Rates, 2002.
This paper discusses crime rates all over the world.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In looking at which countries have high and low crime rates, this paper investigates possible reasons for differences in crime rates. The author suggests that it may be that modern countries that function well, without such issues as widespread poverty or extended conflicts, may be able to focus more on issues such as crime prevention, and take more care to gather accurate statistics.
From the Paper
"According to information provided in class from the World Bank, the five countries with the highest crime rate per capita (as defined as attempts to commit a crime as well as crimes actually committed) were New Zealand, with 11,152.5 crimes per 100,000 citizens; Dominica with 10,763.01; Estonia with 10,242.8, Denmark, with 9,449.78; and Chile, with 9.275.91.
The five countries with the lowest rates of crime were Yemen, with 137.52; Azerbaijan, with 173.41; Papua New Guinea with 259.1; Georgia, with 299.14; and Armenia, with 316.8 (CIA, 2002)."
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Minority Crime Rates, 2005.
This paper provides an analysis of the statistics regarding crimes committed by minorities.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This four page undergraduate paper examines crime statistics, which indicate that minorities commit more crimes and are arrested more often by law enforcement authorities. The writer notes that statistics can be misleading. The writer further points out that crime is more prevalent in minority neighborhoods because of poverty, drugs, and despair, but statistics tend to exaggerate minority crime rates because minorities are targeted more often for attention and arrest than whites.
From the Paper
"Malley notes that racial profiling is a recent law enforcement strategy that enables police officers to stop and question African-Americans or other minorities, simply because statistics indicate that minorities commit more crimes."
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Reducing Crime Rates, 2007.
This paper explores the social roots of deviant behavior and the effective strategies in reducing crime.
757 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses deviant behavior that violates a society's formal norms or laws, constituting criminal behavior. The paper examines the deterrent effect of capital punishment and maintains that it is at best debatable. The paper highlights how capital punishment and increased law enforcement are reactive responses that only address the symptoms of crime. In contrast, a conflict-based approach seeks to address the social inequities that often contribute to criminal behavior in the first place. The paper contends that maintaining the decline in crime calls for these long-term and forward-thinking strategies. The paper stresses that authorities need to address the major causes, including the lack of role models, weakened social institutions and the systemic racism that make it difficult for many to be socially mobile.
From the Paper
"Functionalist sociologists believe that the concept of deviance helps a society define the limits of acceptable behavior. If there were no formal laws, people could engage in behavior such as stealing in order to get what they want and need. These behaviors would undermine social ties and make it difficult for society to function. For functionalists, social programs punish those who have engaged in criminally deviant behavior would serve as a social deterrent. When criminals are punished, the other members of society are motivated to obey the laws."
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Researching Unemployment and the Crime Rate, 2004.
This paper discusses the proposed methodology for researching the effects of unemployment on the crime rate.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the author wants to test the hypothesis that the larger the unemployment rate, the larger the number of crimes that will be committed. The author proposes that reviewing the available literature provides the best method to determine the type and frequency of crimes and then tries to compare this information against employment figures. The paper explains that this mega-research offers much insight into how unemployment can affect the crime rate and why it is important that this issue be dealt with.
Table of Contents
Problem or Objective
Subjects for Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
From the Paper
"All of these variables can be defined in a very straightforward manner, and they can be discovered through information found in the research of others. Most of the research variables that this research intends to study have been studied before, but looking at so many variables in one study is not all that common. Most often, only one or two variables are examined, and while this brings clarity of focus to the particular study, it does not allow for consideration of the many other factors that may be important. This clarity of focus on only one or two things often brings confusion about the larger issue, and since it does not take into account the many other reasons that may affect someone's decision to commit a criminal act, many limitations are involved that could have been removed had the study examined more potential variables in an effort to see the whole picture, rather than just a part of it."
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The Crime Rate in America, 2002.
A look at the crime rate trends in the U.S.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether crime rates are going up or down in the United States. Various points of view are considered, including those of social science researchers, inner-city residents, politicians, and TV newspersons. Once these opinions are presented, the paper concludes with the opinion of the author.
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Leisure Activities and Rates of Crime, 2008.
A discussion of the activities theory approach to understanding rates of serious crime.
1,774 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between routine leisure activities and crime. It discusses the activities theory approach and attempts to explain the relationship between macro-level indicators of leisure activities and the rates of serious crime. It also discusses how the way people usually conduct their activities can indicate how likely they are to be victims of crime.
From the Paper
"All in all, it would seem that Messner and Blau (1979) satisfactorily proved their hypothesis. In doing so, they also validated the routine activities theory and Hawley's (1950) human ecology theory. It may also be noted that Cohen and Felson (1979) made a similar hypothesis, using the opportunities for crime aspect of the routine activity theory to predict that crime rates would become higher with greater dispersion of activities away from households and families."
"We can conclude from the above that there is compelling evidence to suggest that the incidence of crime increases in proportion to the amount of time that is spent away from the household."
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Interest Rate, Measurement and Behaviour, 2005.
Examines the issue of financial investment.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper provides answers to four questions pertaining to financial investment. It looks at discussions surrounding the relationships between bond prices and interest rates. Other key concepts analyzed include nominal interest rate, real interest rate, and rate of inflation. The paper also provides an examination into the reasons why inflationary expectations can cause nominal interest rates to rise.
From the Paper
"Is it correct to say that bond prices vary inversely with the interest rate because of simple mathematics? Why? In order to address this question appropriately, one must first define bonds. A bond is a debt security that is representative an obligation of the issuer to pay interest to the creditor (i.e. bond holder) and return the principal at maturity (Letting Off 1). Bonds that are backed by collateral are secured, while those that are not secured are called debentures (Letting Off 1). The issuer of a sinking fund bond is obliged to set aside some of its earnings to retire bonds. A bond is typically identified by maturity date and coupon rate. The coupon rate is the interest rate that is stated on the bond (Letting Off 1)."
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?Shadows and Fog? and ?Measure for Measure?, 2004.
A look at the roles of women in Woody Allen's film, ?Shadows and Fog?, and William Shakespeare's ?Measure for Measure?.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews "Measure for Measure", written by William Shakespeare in the early 17th century, and "Shadows and Fog", a movie written and directed by Woody Allen in the late 20th century. It looks at the contrasting portrayal of the female characters and the roles of women by their actions and their qualities. It shows how "Measure for Measure" presents a view where women are pure and not expected to be promiscuous, where women are dependant on men, and where women have few options or choices. In contrast, it shows how "Shadows and Fog" presents a view where women are promiscuous rather than pure, where woman are independent from men, and where women have almost unlimited freedom.
From the Paper
"The first difference observed with the role of women is related to whether women are expected to be pure or promiscuous. In Measure for Measure, the major female character is Isabella. She represents a very pure female character. This is first seen at the start of the play by the fact that she is training to become a nun and by the strong Christian values she appears to have. This is then emphasized later when she is told her brother?s life will be saved if she agrees to sleep with Angelo. She refuses this offer, placing her chastity and her Christian values above her own life. This illustrates that a woman?s purity is highly valued, while a woman being promiscuous is not accepted. Mariana is another female character in the play and she is quite different to Isabella."
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"Measure for Measure", 2006.
An analysis of William Shakespeare's dark comedy about the Viennese legal system, "Measure for Measure".
1,207 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes "Measure for Measure" by William Shakespeare, explaining that the comedy is about power, trust and the abuse of power.
From the Paper
"He takes ample occasion to expound on his values - which are empty at the core. When Claudio is facing the realization that he might be killed for his sister's morality, the Duke gives him a "pep talk" which might drive anyone to suicide. Vincentio tells him to "be absolute for death" [III.i.4] and explains that life isn't worth living in the first place: "Thou hast nor youth, nor age,/ But as it were an after-dinner's sleep/ Dreaming on both.../...and when thou art old and rich,/ Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb nor beauty/ To make thy riches pleasant." [III.i.32-38] This sort of absolute nihilism leads us to believe that the Duke holds no meaning in life, and that his antics are a result of this meaninglessness. They are carried out without moral purpose, for the sheer pleasure of torment. Thus Vincentio serves as a reminder of the consequences which stem from the apathy of authority."
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William Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure", 2006.
This paper discusses religious skepticism in William Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure".
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in William Shakespeare's problem comedy "Measure for Measure", there is a certain sense of Shakespeare's discomfort or downright cynicism toward the concepts of religion such as Providence, divine mercy and the afterlife. The author analyzes the way the actions of the characters of Duke Vincentio, Isabella and Claudio reflect the religious skepticism that Shakespeare so frequently insinuated into his work. The paper concludes that Claudio is the only one for whom the play ends with a truly happy ending; insinuating that perhaps for all of those, who deny their true nature and insist on living their lives to achieve the impossible standards of religion, perhaps there is no happy ending.
From the Paper
"The questionable actions of Isabella, too, can be construed as Shakespeare commenting on divine mercy. For instance, when dealing with her brother Claudio, Isabella shows little or no pity toward his eminent death when it is directly weighed against her chastity. Yet when Angelo is condemned for basically an identical crime for which he doomed Claudio, Isabella pleads to the Duke that Angelo might be spared because Angelo did not, for all intents and purposes, actually succeed in his objective. Since Isabella did not stand to lose anything in her defense of Angelo, she made it willingly. When Isabella was forced to give up something precious to herself, however, she chose her own salvation over her brother's salvation."
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"Measure for Measure", 2003.
Examines the dangers of extremism in William Shakespeare's "Measure of Measure".
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the characters of Isabella and Angelo in Shakespeare's play "Measure for Measure", examining their character traits and interactions, as well as their evolution over the course of the work. The paper provides a careful analysis of the meaning of their extreme characters, as well as an explanation of Shakespeare's intent that the Duke represents a balancing of naive purity and corrupt worldliness.
From the Paper
"With Isabella standing as the example of purity and Angelo representing the absolute darkness that corrupts the souls of men, Shakespeare plays the two extremes against each other in order to emphasize the importance of justice and balance. Although Angelo appears to be pure, this is only skin deep, and with his attraction to Isabella, he radically changes into a being consumed with evil intentions. His descent, however, is driven by a symbol of purity and innocence, because he longs to have the true purity that exists in him only as pretense. Isabella represents absolute purity, but Shakespeare deliberately moves her from entering a convent to considering the possibility of entering a marriage with the Duke, thus showing that even the extreme purity of Isabella should be tempered by wisdom of the real world in the form of the Duke."
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"Measure for Measure" & "Henry IV Part I", 2006.
A comparison of two of Shakespeare's plays, "Measure for Measure" and "Henry IV Part I".
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes, compares and contrasts the plots and protagonists of two of Shakespeare's plays, "Measure for Measure" and "Henry IV Part I". The author asserts that in these two plays, strong character is defined not by who is more right, but rather by the ability to become more than the sum of one's faults. The author concentrates his analysis on secondary characters, who, despite being fault-ridden, are endearing to the audience for their humor and steadfastness. The paper concludes that Shakespeare's ultimate point is that while all people are flawed, the test of their character is whether they are molded by these flaws -- or overcome them.
From the Paper
"In both of these plays, these people may be questionable or shady characters that often are crude or have abominable habits, they may be people of power and prominence, or they may be just average, everyday citizens. Simply put, they all have faults of their own. Yet, the audience can't help but find them endearing, and the protagonists find that their ability to overcome their faults has a lot to do with the help they receive from these characters. Furthermore, the inability of the antagonists to overcome their vulnerabilities also has something to do with these characters."
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Shakespeare's ?Measure for Measure? and Shaw's ?Major Barbara?, 2002.
This paper compares the many parallel images in the comedies William Shakespeare's ?Measure for Measure? and George Bernard Shaw's ?Major Barbara".
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The author believes that Shaw quite consciously modeled some portions of ?Major Barbara? on Shakespeare's ?Measure for Measure?. The paper discusses the many similarities such as the religious overtones in both plays and the characterization of the female main characters Isabella and Barbara. The author points out that both plays make the same philosophical point: The need to let something go in order to achieve or gain something else, perhaps of greater value.
From the Paper
""Measure for Measure" is gloomy in the beginning; but Shakespeare, as does Shaw, is able to work out the transition from potential tragedy to comedy. Unfortunately, in the transition, Shakespeare, unlike Shaw, does not always make his characters behave consistently. Like Shaw, however, he does order everything that happens in "Measure for Measure" on the principle that the play must be kept a comedy. That was his given reason for making his heroine Isabella a novice nun and for bringing Lucio into her first scene with Angelo (II. ii.); every detail must play its part in intensifying the effect of comic irony. Once used though, such a detail may later be ignored by Shakespeare. Isabella is found to be not too nun-like after all. She is not squeamish or sanctimonious and can be intensely practical, as her "0, let him marry her!" (I. iv. 49) reveals. During the play she develops into a vociferous, ironical nun?almost a Major Barbara."
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