| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "MCGREGOR THEORY X Y": |
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Mcgregor's Theory X & Theory Y, 1990.
Origins of concepts, content, assumptions and impact on supervision in workplace.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Theory X" and "Theory Y" are terms devised by sociologist Douglas McGregor, in the late 1950s, to describe two fundamentally contrasting theories towards the nature of work and human motivation. "Theory X" is the view that workers basically do not want to work, and will do anything to avoid it; the essential business of management is therefore to use a combination of threats and rewards to keep their workers at work. "Theory Y" is the view that work is in fact as natural to human behavior as play or rest; management can thus function best by harnessing this natural human tendency to make the workers' own work.motivations harmonize with the needs of the organization.
The following report is a survey of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y: their origins, their content and assumptions, their origins and place in broader human psychology, and their effect.."
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Theory X and Y Managers, 2004.
An analysis of Douglas McGregor's two theories of management.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two theories of management formulated by Douglas McGregor. The paper explains that 'Theory Y' contends that employees strive for self-actualization and are thought to be eager to derive satisfaction from work. 'Theory X' is defined by the average employee's inherent dislike of work and the necessity to encourage through rewards and punishment. The paper presents a study of two unnamed companies, in order to discover which type of manager, an X or a Y, would be more successful in achieving productivity, profitability, low absenteeism and staff retention for long periods.
From the Paper
"Finally, financial information was obtained about the companies. It showed that Company A had a higher gross income each year; Company B, however, retained more income, despite being more generous with its employees, partially because it had lower Unemployment Insurance payouts based on its experience. Because neither company is a public company, the income figures were not readily available. However, Company B was willing to release its figures; one of the ex-employees of Company A was its financial manager, who was the person who had (fortuitously) been fired by Company A and was working at Company B so that she could help estimate current financials for Company A, although they are just that, estimates."
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"The X-Y-Z Affair", 2002.
A literary review of the book "The X-Y-Z Affair" by William Stinchcombe.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book by William Stinchcombe titled "The X-Y-Z Affair". Stinchcombe was the professor of history and his contribution as a historian is enormous. He is an accomplished writer with great knowledge of world affairs specially the American history.
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Scientific Management, 1999.
Examines theories of Douglas McGregor (Theory X) and Frederick Taylor and argues that management has not changed as much as believed.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Over the past 30 years, much attention has been focused on new ways of managing people in the workplace. Personnel departments have given way to human resource departments, increased resources have been devoted to training, and managers have been schooled in diversity management, handling sexual situations in the workplace, and in providing a work environment which meets the human needs of workers. The workplace which was once defined by strict hierarchical structure has given way to "flat" organizations and, according to many press reports, increased participation by workers in decisions. Union membership is falling, the number of entrepreneurs is increasing and indications appear to be that scientific management and Theory X management is no longer in favor. But beneath the seminars and reports in ..."
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Management Theory, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of management theories.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, prior to scientific management, workers' skills determined the efficiency of the task and the quality of the products manufactured, but Taylorism changed this by breaking down the task and process into small discrete "events" and determining the best manner to complete the task. This helped to introduce the concept of standard operating procedures. The author points out the work of Mayo, Maslow, and McGregor introduced the need to comprehend and recognize the role that the worker played in the success of the organization. The paper relates that Douglas McGregor also put forth the concept that people's management behavior is dependent upon their view of human beings and work, as postulated in pessimistic Theory X and idealistic Theory Y.
From the Paper
"While the classical human resource management strategies have changed and evolved, they do exist in modern organizations. There is no doubt that every management theory has its weaknesses and shortcoming. When these theories were introduced they also revolutionarized the manner in which the task was undertaken by an organization. "Standard Time" introduced by Taylor allowed companies to benchmark the realistic time that was needed by the worker to perform a task. This concept of using standard time is still in use. Projects and production schedules for example measure the time needed for any operation based on the "standard time," it would take for the worker to complete the task. Workers in this environment can deliver products or services within the time frame specified."
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Management Theories, 2004.
An analysis of the management theories of Frederick Taylor, Douglas McGregor, and Mary Parker Follett.
3,173 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the management theory of Frederick Taylor, the father of scientific management. The paper contends that two of Taylor's successors, however, perhaps softened his effect on the American workplace during subsequent decades of humanistic theorizing; these two, Mary Parker Follett and Douglas McGregor, have more in common with each other than either has with Taylor. Moreover, the paper claims that, while Taylor's thinking seems to offer more weaknesses than strengths in the modern, post-industrial world, Follett's and McGregor's theories seem to offer some weaknesses and some strengths. Between them, but perhaps particularly in the work of McGregor, it seems possible to construct workable theories for a global business environment that is primarily post-industrial.
From the Paper
"Douglas McGregor's work suffered from his relatively short lifespan, 1906-1964. Nevertheless, perhaps it is just as well; while his theories worked wondrously well during his lifetime, currently they are almost completely unworkable. There are reasons for that. First, McGregor's research was conducted mainly from the mid-1930s until the mid-1950s, a period spanning the Great Depression, World War II and the early part of the Cold War. The entire era and all its parts are regarded as exceptional in U.S., and arguably world, history. When the soldiers returned from the war to seek jobs and houses and start families, there was a huge growth in the workforce, as well as expansion of the entire U.S. infrastructure-highways systems, neighborhood services for new subdivisions and so on. "With a strong economy and such new benefits as Social Security, the GI Bill, and other entitlement programs, most Americans settled into regular work patterns that they anticipated would persist well into the future...By the late 1950s, it was commonly believed that a worker would work for the same firm for many years following a relatively stable and clear career path until retirement" (Davis, 2003). It was in this atmosphere, with employers needing employees more than employees needed the employer, that McGregor conducted his research."
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Invisible Man and Malcolm X, 2005.
A literary review and comparison of Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" and "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Malcolm X.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts Ralph Ellison's novel, "Invisible Man" and Malcolm X's "The Autobiography of Malcolm X". The paper focuses on the sociological and political ideologies illustrated in the two books. The author of the paper highlights how the search for self-definition is a major theme of the analysis.
From the Paper
"It was an era of racism segregation and inequality during which Ralph Ellison and Malcolm X lived. Lacking equal protections in law comparable to Whites. African Americans endured second-class citizen status in American ..."
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Malcolm X, 2006.
An examination of the book "The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told To Alex Haley", by Malcolm X and Alex Haley.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this examination of "The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley", by Malcolm X and Alex Haley, the author highlights many pertinent points from the book and about the life of Malcolm X. The author tells us that the book looks at the era in which Malcolm X lived as a time when racism was running rampant in the United States. As a result of his experiences Malcolm X became an angry activist who hated everything that white society represented. The paper describes how Malcolm X himself became a racist and he believed that all whites were evil, after his conversion to Islam. The author delves into this further pointing out what made Malcolm X change his way of thinking to become a well known civil rights activist, who is still thought of in a positive light today. Finally the paper reiterates the major changes that Malcolm X went through during his life to make him a key leader of the black civil rights movement in the United States.
From the Paper
"Malcolm continued to have a great loyalty to Muhammad, even when Muhammad became too old to actively participate in Nation events. Malcolm then became more and more active in the groups decision making processes. It was at this time that Malcolm and Muhammad noticed that have had some differences in ideology. While they both wished to fight for black rights, Muhammad's goal was to create a completely separate black nation-state that would have a different economy and culture than the rest of the country. Malcolm, however, believed that this would only happen if they took care of the poor black people living in ghettos first. Malcolm wanted the group to become more involved with politics and to change America as a whole, rather than just trying to separate black America from white America. These differing philosophies, as well as Malcolm's growing influence led to Muhammad trying to have Malcolm killed. While this was very difficult for Malcolm, it led to another change in philosophy for him."
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"Malcolm X"?.
This paper discusses Spike Lee's film, "Malcolm X ," an adaptation of "The Autobiography of Malcolm X".
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Spike Lee's film, "Malcolm X," depicts the way Malcolm X, in prison, forged his identity based on social and religious values, not the values of the dominant white culture, but rather values in opposition to the white Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture, which, for centuries, had oppressed persons of African descent. The author points out that Malcolm X was a sincere adherent to Islam, which was not the religion of his African ancestors, but the religion of modern Africa. The paper relates that Spike Lee demonstrates how, when Malcolm X embraced Sunni Islam and incorporated its teachings into his approach toward black liberation, his militant views became more tempered; this shift from pure militancy toward cooperation directly led to his assassination.
From the Paper
"As Lee's movie shows, Malcolm's family history and early experiences affected his radical political views. He joined the Nation of Islam while in prison, as he felt a sense of camaraderie and solidarity that he never would have found in the outside world. Lee depicts how Malcolm X was deeply and personally affected by his exposure to the Muslim religion. In fact, one of the most remarkable things about the life of Malcolm X was his ability to grow with his religious beliefs, rather than having his religious beliefs dictate strictly what his actions were. As the film points out, Malcolm X did the necessary pilgrimage to Mecca shortly before he was assassinated."
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"The Autobiography of Malcolm X", 2002.
This paper provides an analysis of Malcolm X's views on racism in America in "The Autobiography of Malcolm X".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the main themes that are covered in the work "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Malcolm X. By understanding the main ideas behind his view on racism in America, the writer demostrates the different view of a black that fought hard for equal rights, within the period of the civil rights era. Some of the basics precepts of his work are examined, as well as the core ideas that represent his thought in the struggle for equality of the races in the United States.
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Conspicuous Consumption of Generation Y in Taiwan, 2004.
This paper is a complete research project to evaluate the relationship between luxury purchases as conspicuous consumption and Generation Y in Taiwan, using designer brands as the example.
8,890 words (approx. 35.6 pages), 29 sources, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that conspicuous consumption is often thought of as unnecessary spending or the purchasing of products that are not necessities. Increases in upward mobility have increased conspicuous consumption patterns in nations around the world. The author points out that the impact of a rapidly growing economy and of increased education in Taiwan have had an impact on the conspicuous consumption of Generation Y. These individuals are college-educated with significant incomes and have money to spend. The paper concludes that there is a thin line between luxury and necessity; one generation's luxury becomes their successors' necessity. Luxury is often associated with a quality buy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Luxury vs. Necessity
Modern Consumer Society of Luxury
Meanings of Conspicuous Consumption
Characteristics of Conspicuous Consumers
Comparison of Generation Y, Generation X, and Baby Boomers
Characteristics of Generation Y'ers in Taiwan
Methodology, Research Design and Data Collection
Preliminary Survey Design
Questionnaire
Part I: General Questions
Part II: Attitude toward Luxury Goods and Mass Commodity Goods
Part III: Customers? Brand Loyalty, Reaction to Different Product Categories, and Price Sensitivity
Part IV: Background Information
Depth Interview
Research Finding and Analysis
Part I: General Questions
Part II:
Part III: (Open Questions)
Analysis
Discussion: Limitation, Application, and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The survey also found that some of the respondents had regrets about making expensive purchases. The phenomenon of regret was most evident in younger respondents who often regretted such purchases because they were too expensive, or the styles were outdated. The survey found that older respondents that were more financially stable rarely had regrets about the purchases they made. To combat the regret that younger consumers have companies should create a line of products that are less expensive but still have the high quality of other clothing by the designer. The less expensive line will allow younger consumers to purchase products without regret."
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Fragile X Syndrome, 2003.
Discussing the paradigm for understanding normal and disordered neuronal development, known as Fragile X Syndrome.
7,532 words (approx. 30.1 pages), 44 sources, MLA, $ 165.95
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Abstract
Examination of Fragile X Syndrome from a genetic, neurological, and neuro-psychological perspective. Includes current research on this disorder. It provides information about the characteristics of the disorder, treatment available, and medical research performed. It also examines how this disorder affects a sufferer's daily life.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
i. Physical characteristics
ii. Behavioural and non-physical characteristics
II. Neuronal Development
i. Normal development
ii. Development in FraX
III. Fragile X Mental Retardation Gene (FMR1)
i. FMR1 and FraX
ii. Gender differences
IV. Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP)
i. FMR1 mutation and FMRP
ii. FMRP and synaptic plasticity
iii. Evidence from animal models and non-human studies
iv. FMRP as mRNA-binding protein
V. Molecular-Genetic Basis of Fragile X Syndrome
i. Normal development
ii. Moderate FMRP deficiency
iii. Severe FMRP deficiency
iv. Mechanism of FMRP in mediating neuronal development
VI. FMRP and Development of Fragile X: Hypotheses
i. FMRP and synapse formation during development
ii. FMRP and translation at postsynaptic site
VII. FRAXE and FMR2
i. Mutation and phenotype
VIII. Brain Abnormalities
i. Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies
IX. Neuro-psychological Profiles
i. Males with FraX
ii. Females with FraX
X. Current Research
i. Cortisol and stress-related behaviour in children with FraX
ii. Neurocognition in female permutation carriers
iii. FRAXE and obsessive-compulsive disorder
iv. Fragile X permutation and neurologic disorders
XI. Future Directions of Research
i. Potential areas of exploration
ii. Treatment
XII. References
From the Paper
"Fragile X syndrome (FraX) is the single most common form of inherited mental impairment (Glaser et al., 2003). Studies place prevalence rates of the disorder at approximately 1 in 2000-5000 live births, affecting as many as 1 in 4000 females and twice as many males (Churchill et al., 2002). It is second only to Down syndrome as a cause of mental impairment and appears in children of all ethnic, racial, and socio-economic backgrounds (Fragile X Association, 2003). The pace of research into the genetic, molecular, anatomical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial factors underlying this disorder has grown at an exponential rate in recent years. FraX is described by Nobel Laureate and co-discoverer of the DNA double-helix, Dr. James D. Watson, as the ?first major triumph of the genome project? (FRAXA Research Foundation, 2002), and its potential as a paradigm of study by which to understand normal and disordered processes of development is immeasurable."
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Management Theories, 2000.
An examination of the contingency school, T group syndrome, matrix, consulting, portfolio, X and Y, transactional, Robert Merton and more.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 1 source, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
Management Theories: A Survey
The Contingency School
The contingency approach to leadership and management often is referred to as so-called, because it "is … a truism that any theory of corporate or business strategy must be, by definition, contingency-based" (Ginsberg & Venkatraman, 1985, 421). In essence, the contingency approach to management means nothing more nor less than that "the appropriateness of different strategies depends on the competitive settings of businesses" (Hambrick & Lei, 1985, p. 765).
The contingency approach to management is a means of developing organizational strategy. Strategic forecasting is the cornerstone in a contingency approach. Forecasting of conditions must be made, with respect to environmental conditions..."
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Position-Sharing In Nursing, 1995.
Examines definition, nursing model theory, self-care, course of chronic illness and Theories X and Y.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 20 sources, $ 103.95
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"POSITION-SHARING IN NURSING PRACTICE
Introduction
Increasing conflicts between professional and family responsibilities are causing nurses to seek solutions that will enable them to perform better in each area (Kane, 1995, p. 5). One suggested and controversial solution to resolve such conflicts is position-sharing. This issue is investigated.
The Concept of Position Sharing in Nursing
The problems besetting nursing practice, as described above, are serious and demand attention (Betancourt & Lombardi, 1990, p. 47). Effective interventions and strategies are required to address these problems. One strategy that has been suggested is the ..."
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Alex Haley's "The Autobiography of Malcolm X", 1991.
This paper reviews "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" as told to Alex Haley that relates how Malcom X discovered his black identity.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
""The Autobiography of Malcolm X" as told to Alex Haley, the author of Roots, is a powerful book because it carries through on the theme of discovering black identity. Malcolm X was one of the primary religious leaders and reformers of the 1960s, but it took him a number of years to shed his old preconceptions of who blacks were in America. As he learned to accept his black identity, Malcolm began his short-lived career as a powerful force in the fight against racism in the United States.
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. From the very beginning, even though Malcolm had not discovered his black identity, he had a very clear picture of what it meant to be a black in the United States. "When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded ... "
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