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Marxism and Today's International Relations, 2005.
This paper critically examines the relevance of Marx for thinking about international relations today.
1,428 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the relevance of Marxism has been said to have died with the end of the Cold War. For most international relations analysts Marxism, as a theory, stands on the periphery of the discipline. The writer points out that few, in particular the realists, accredit it for any theoretical or practical relevance for the study of international affairs. The writer proposes however, that theorists need not feel threatened by Marx's attempt to wither away with their theories. On the contrary, taking Marx more serious as an international relations analyst will render decent theories for still prevalent problems of our international society. The writer concludes that with his treatment of the domestic and external environments, the inequality of distribution and the process of globalization, Marx addresses issues at the heart of contemporary international relations debate.
From the Paper
"Marx's class struggle is universal and it is therefore that a differentiated form of international relations as we acknowledge it today does not exist for Marx; there are only the relations of class struggle. If we apply the definition, there are few theories any more revolutionary than this one. For contemporary international relations analysis this is an interesting view-point, in particular for the behaviouralist-school seeking to challenge realist presumptions of state-centric theory. This fundamental dichotomy of the domestic and the external, Fred Halliday echoes, is not so far-fetched when looking at our current state of affairs in the world. And yet, it remains to be acknowledged that Halliday wrote these words in 1988, when the demise of the monopoly of revolutionary internationalism - the Soviet Union - had not fully accelerated yet. The post-1989/1991 era has witnessed a lot of revisionism on such appraisals as Halliday issued them here; to some extent, one might even argue, realism has gained more momentum through the apparent evidence the collapse of the Soviet bloc provided in favour of the security dilemma and the necessity of conflict until one of the adversaries is dead. Nevertheless, with the question of just how influential the domestic is in international diplomacy, Marx's treatment of this dichotomy lies at the heart of current international relations debate."
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International Relations Theory, 2003.
A discussion of various theories of international relations.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, compares and contrasts a wide variety of theories on international relations, including: Marxism, liberalism, realism and constructivism. The paper presents each theory's core assumptions and compares their similarities and differences. The paper argues in favor of realism as the guiding paradigm for the field.
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International Marxism, 2005.
A critical evaluation of the interpretive value of Marxism in international relations.
1,753 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Marxism within the context of international theory and overviews the debate between competing perspectives in that field. The paper argues that Marxism presents a relevant frame of reference in understanding the contemporary world and, in particular, the international system.
From the Paper
"Marxist political ideology had set itself up against the dominant orders of existence since its inception. It challenged, questioned and analyzed both society and history, with interpretations of both within the oppressor-oppressed framework, leading the call for the revolutionization of the existing political systems. Consequently, it made many enemies and was deeply feared by the Imperial and, later, Western powers, insofar as it empowered the weak/oppressed by giving them a blueprint for action and a legitimization for revolutionary movement. Thus, the fall of the Soviet Union and the collapse of Communism across Eastern Europe were greeted with delight as many interpreted those historic events as a discrediting of Marxism and a victory of the end-of-history ideology (Fukuyama). This much can be inferred from Francis Fukuyama's analysis of the "triumph" of Western liberal political economy. Nonetheless, and without entering into debates on whether Marxism fell due to the incorrect application of the ideology, or because of fallacies within the ideology itself, the perception of the Marxist theory as dead is incorrect. The Marxist theory has profoundly important interpretive value within the study of sociology, political science, and especially within the field of International Relations, despite Marx and Engel having written very little on IR as such."
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International Marxism, 2005.
An analysis of the impact of Marxist theory within the field of international relations.
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that Marxist ideology provides a suitable/relevant frame of reference for the comprehension of the international political system, complete with explanations for power struggles and the outbreak of conflicts.
Outline
International Theory
The Relevance of Marxism as a Frame of Reference in IR
Conclusion: Competing Thoughts
From the Paper
"Halliday contends that Marxism presents a fragmented approach to international relations and does not provide a systematic approach to the field as do realism, liberalism, state-centrism or world-system theory (50-52). Even if this is the case and one has great difficulty in locating a textbook that precisely describes the Marxist approach to IR in a systematic manner, and as directly derived from the writings of Marx and/or Engel, the fact remains and, as this essay shall argue, Marxism (includes writings of Marx, Engel, Gramsci and Lukacs) presents a coherent and valuable approach to International Relations, allowing the student to place many current events into a comprehensible framework that interprets means and ends of those events and, the possible shape of the coming world order."
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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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International Trade, 2008.
An analysis of the problems associated with international trade today and how these problems can be overcome.
3,188 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the pros and cons of international trade in order to determine whether increased international trade is beneficial or detrimental for our world. The paper also analyzes existing problems in international trade and their causes and then discusses how they can be overcome so that a greater cross-section of the global population can begin to benefit from increased trade.
Table of Contents:
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Cons: The Disadvantages
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades as well as the eclipse of Communism has given a great boost to international trade. Most statistics and analysis show that the countries and people involved in trade benefit and increased international trade leads to prosperity and development. However, such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty. Most of these problems are the result of trade rules that favor large corporations and the rich, who can be overcome by making the necessary adjustments suggested in this essay."
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Rosenbluth International, 2004.
An analysis of Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia. The paper examines the process of quality management and quality assurance that the company has undertaken in order to remain competitive and to continue to keep a leading position by providing high quality service to its travel customers. The paper explains that the process has been introduced in stages and has achieved some momentum, first by developing a training program that taught the rudiments of quality assurance to all employees, and then set out to implement a board of quality advisors to act as facilitators for quality teams formed at each business unit. The paper explores the issue of how to keep the momentum going and to develop even more means of assuring quality and of promoting it throughout the organization, especially as the organization now wants to implement the program internationally to increase the international clientele.
From the Paper
"The travel business has been changing in recent years, creating first anew business model for the field and then altering the traditional competitive environment. The advent of the Internet and the wide use of the personal computer and other computer systems opened the way for a new form of control for the hospitality and travel industries. In the 1990s, the computer constituted the technology with the greatest effect on travel and hospitality around the world. The travel business has been changing with the development and widespread use of advanced computer programs and with increased access to different computer networks. These changes have included the introduction of new services which travelers can access themselves without the need of agents. One of the reasons for this shift is the belief on the part of the consumer that he or she has been paying too much for travel and that there is some hidden expense in the use of a travel agent that can now be avoided. The customer may also desire to become master of his or her own fate to a much greater degree, using self-service machines and computers to shape individual travel plans. As this form of do-it-yourself-travel grew, the question emerged as to whether the mass of travelers really wanted this sort of system and wanted to do the job themselves rather than leaving it to a travel agent. This idea has been examined and has now been tested."
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Contemporary International Economy, 2007.
This paper argues that current international institutions are no longer effective in regulating the contemporary international economy.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the forces at play in the international community today as they affect the contemporary international economy. The writer then provides a discussion of the current trends affecting international institutions in the 21st century. Further, the writer offers an analysis of the impact these events and trends have had on international institutions. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Events and Trends Affecting International Institutions in the 21st Century
Impact of Events and Trends on International Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following World War II, the United States assumed a leadership role in developing new types of international institutions. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided for a liberalization of international trade, the Bretton Woods framework created a fixed exchange-rate system (which lasted until 1971), and the International Monetary Fund controlled the flow of credits until the mid- 1970s and once again from the early 1980s thereafter; in addition, these authors note that the EEC institutionalized a free-trade area in the heart of Western Europe at this time. According to Mingst, international institutions are defined as those they are comprised of membership from at least three states, having activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal agreement. A coordinating body for international institutions, the Union of International Associations, currently distinguishes between the more than 250 international governmental organizations (IGOs) that have been created by intergovernmental agreements and whose members are states, and the approximately 6,000 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), whose members are associations or individuals."
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International Law, 2005.
This paper discusses the weakness of international law in governing international relations.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that international law differs in major areas from domestic law: (1) The scope of international law is much wider than the scope of domestic law; (2) Domestic law is the guideline that defines the relationship between specific bodies, the government, and the citizens, but there are no specific bodies in international law; and (3) International law is voluntary, whereas, domestic law is largely involuntary. The author points out that, when laws are first proposed, countries or states agree to them or reject them on the basis of their political interests. The paper concludes that international relations should be regulated according to the principles of international law as determined by the United Nations and its different organs.
Table of Contents
Difference between International and National Law
The Voluntary Nature of International law
Absence of Mechanism for Regulating International Relations
Political Considerations
Final Analysis
From the Paper
"International relations are supposedly guided by a number of institutions and a defined body of law. The international arena is hardly a jungle in which countries may act as they choose with the only limitation upon their action being the presence of stronger states willing, and capable, of imposing restrictions upon them and regulating their behavior. In other words, within the context of international relations, state behavior is governed, not by IR theories but, by international law and international institutions, such as the United Nations. Furthermore, in cases where states behavior conflicts with the established regulations, their violations are either dealt with through the UN Security Council or through one of the international courts, depending upon the type of violations. Consequently, on this basis, one would assume international relations to be based upon a just system in which states are treated equally, in the sense that all are equally required to obey the law. However, this is not the case and international relations can almost be contrasted to a jungle because not only are the strongest not required to obey the law but also those under their protection are at equal liberty to disregard international law."
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International Relations, 2006.
A discussion about liberalism and realism and how they relate to international relations, especially with the current terrorist threat.
2,273 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the merits and flaws of liberalism, using negotiations, institutional measures, and other non-military means to achieve political goals; and realism, believing that a powerful military threat is the most effective method of influencing other states in the international arena. The paper examines how both schools of thought have had success in achieving their ideals. The paper analyzes the current military threats to the US, and how "soft power", a fusion of realism and liberalism, has been most effective in international relations. The paper further discusses how finding a middle ground between the two paradigms is vitally important in today's international climate, especially in light of the threats to the state. The paper concludes that an ability to address or reduce such a threat is imperative to U.S. national security, and neither liberalism nor realism alone has been able to provide this.
From the Paper
"Liberalism and realism proceed from different fundamental interpretations about the international system: assumptions about the identity of the other state actors , the relationship of those actors to both state institutions and international ones like the United Nations, and the determining factors of state relations with one another. Realists must take the liberal critique seriously, and vice versa; neither theory has been proven as superior thus far. This essay will examine the underlying failures of both schools of thought and examine the possibility that they are in actuality much closer to one another than originally perceived."
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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International Trade & Investment, 2006.
A review of the pros and cons on international trade and investment.
1,229 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the 'good news and bad news' regarding international trade and investment. The paper discusses how in today's increasingly international, interdependent world, sustaining an open trade environment for foreign investment is reported to be in the best interest of the United States, as well as other countries.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
Good News/Bad
II. The "Win-Win" Practice
III. Shrouds of Controversy over Foreign Investments
III. Competitive Pressure Contributes to Outsourcing
IV. Now for the Down & Up Sides
IV. Conclusion
From the Paper
"The need for quality in products is usually a point for agreement; opinions vary, however, regarding the outsourcing of U.S. jobs to other countries. In one sense, the practice is considered to be a positive component in economic movement that contributes to new beginnings and better life to numerous individuals in developing countries. Be that as it may, it is noted that in industrialized nations, many employees loose their jobs and that replacement jobs are not readily available. Barrea (2004) states, "It makes sense for the U.S. to use its scarce natural and human resources to manufacture airplanes, high-end computer chips and advanced software -- products that command better prices than do less complex things like shoes or textiles." Barrea questions the wisdom of manufacturing products that can be purchased from other countries at lower costs and suggests it would prove more beneficial for each country to specialize in their field of expertise and/or what they are able to produce most economically. "
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International Financial Reporting, 2005.
This paper explains that many factors, such as history, politics, differential currency types, ease of conversion and regulations of various international banking institutions, prevent full harmonization of international financial reporting.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of the inter-relationship of political and economic changes that effect today's problem of harmonization of currency and reporting such as (1) competing economic policy objectives similar to today's problems with oil, (2) the Janus-faced nature of international capital flows and (3) the changing center of influence of the international system from the United Kingdom and toward the United States. The author points out that the new ISO engineering standards represent a model for standardizing accounting and reporting processes not only by solving the problems of harmonizing the accounting and reporting process but also by offering an open-ended approach, easily adaptable to even the smallest of enterprises. The paper stresses that this need for global standardization means that the mundane "bean-counters" of the past must be replace by today's global accountants trained in several disciplines.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Powerful Influence of History
The Gold Standard
The Rise and Dilemmas of Bimetallism
The Development of the International Monetary Systems between WWI and WW II
The Bretton Woods System and its Problems
The Harmonization of the British Pound, U.S. Dollar and the European Common Currency
The Future Outlook from an ISO Point of View
From the Paper
"Between the wars, the United States overtook Britain as the leading player in the commercial and the financial domains. However, America's foreign financial and commercial relations did not yet fit together in a way that produced a harmoniously working international system. Moreover, with even today's technological edge America is finding the attainment of harmonization a difficult task at best. Great Britain likewise struggles with several issues in this area. Hence, when postwar planners again contemplated the reconstruction of the international system, they sought a framework capable of accommodating these changed conditions. The solutions to the problems are not at all straightforward and thus the pronounced lack of harmonization of accounting and reporting."
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International Trade, 2005.
This paper argues the pros and cons of international trade and concludes in favor of this trade.
3,185 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that increased trade between countries does create wealth; however, the rules of the trade game are such that the wealth being generated by increased level of international trade does not reach all sections of the world in a fair manner. The author argues that there is an urgent need for creating a level-playing field for all in international trade so that the benefits reach everyone; organizations such as the WTO and the IMF, which make and oversee trade rules and international monetary policies, must be purged of the pervasive influence of large multi-national corporations and big business. The paper relates that unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades and the eclipse of communism have given a great boost to international trade; international trade leads to prosperity and development but such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty.
Table of Contents
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Growth in Countries that Adopted Free-Trade Policies
Example of the United States
Cons: The Disadvantages
Policies Based on Corporate Interests
Removing the Guiding Hand
How International Free Trade Policies Favor Big Corporations
Corporations Exempt from Free Market Discipline
Inequality
Rural Poverty
Trade and Environment
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The colonialist powers, particularly Britain, had realized the benefits of international trade after its industrial revolution although it is highly debatable whether such trade was beneficial for the colonies as well. In the last two decades, international monetary institutions such as IMF and trade organizations, particularly the Word Trade Organization (WTO) have been at the forefront for promoting free international trade. Unrestricted international trade has been touted as the panacea for all economic ills and an agent of development. The results of international trade have, however, been mixed. While supporters of free trade point to several success stories such as China, others point to the growing inequality, economic shocks such as the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997, and the increasing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa as "fruits" of increased international trade (also known as globalization)."
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International Mutual Funds, 2004.
This paper discusses investing in various international mutual funds, describes individual funds, and compares international funds to mutual funds in the U.S.
4,925 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are four types of international mutual funds: The international funds, which invest only in well-known markets outside the U.S. such as Germany, France, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia; the global funds, which contain mixtures of U.S. and international stocks; the regional funds, which concentrate in geographic areas like Latin America, the Pacific Rim and Europe, with the concentration of these firms in small countries and emerging markets; and the country funds, which concentrate only on one country. The author points out that international funds are useful when it is felt that the U.S. market is not doing so well, and the emerging markets in the foreign countries are expected to perform better than the U.S. market. The paper relates that an important feature of international funds is that they give small investors an opportunity to invest in shares all over the world, an activity that would be very difficult or expensive to pursue on their own and that provides a good opportunity for diversification.
Table of Contents
Mutual Funds, the Dynamic Market
What is a Mutual Fund?
The Choice of International Funds
How Does One Know What the Fund is Doing?
From the Paper
"The aim of any mutual fund is to pool in the money from different investors and put it in a position where it can be managed by professionals. The manager makes the trades, realizes the gain or loss, and collects the income in the form of dividend or interest. The gains or losses are then passed on to the individual investors. The operation of most funds are open-ended, and that means that the investment company is at liberty to issue new shares to investors, and also undertakes to buy back shares from investors who want to leave the fund. There are also close ended funs which issue a fixed number of shares, and only these can be bought or sold by the investors among themselves through a stock exchange. The person who has issued these closed funds is not responsible for redeeming them, so the trading of these has to be only through a broker."
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