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Mars: Not Exactly Home, but Better Than Venus, 2008. This paper looks at different planets and focuses on Mars as the most preferable option for sustaining human life after planet earth. 1,696 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the solar system is a unique combination of many different types of planets, which has many different things that it can offer to humans. However, the the writer points out, planet Earth offers the most beneficial climate and diversity for human life. The writer notes that many of the other planets are entirely devoid of life. The writer discusses that despite the fact that there are eight planets in our solar system, only Mars (other than Earth) seems to be capable of containing human life at all. The writer maintains that Mars has many of the requisites that are needed to sustain human life, such as the possibility of water, small amounts of oxygen, and a possibility of life. The writer concludes that if humans were to ever colonize another planet in the solar system, Mars would be the most intelligent choice.
From the Paper "Apart from the cold at its poles (which is far more extreme than Earth's), Mercury shares very little in common with Earth. It would be very difficult for humans to inhabit Mercury. The temperature extremes, the lack of water, and the lack of a protective atmosphere would quickly decimate human life attempting to live there. Current space craft could succeed in landing humans on Mercury, but it is unlikely that there would be a way to maintain proper oxygen levels for survival.
"Venus is another planet that is very inhospitable. Yet, for several reasons, it is known as the sister planet to Earth: Venus is similar to Earth's size (95% its diameter, 80% of its mass. Both planets do not have many craters, which points to young surfaces."
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?Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus?, 2004. This paper discusses communication and family relations in ?Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus? by John Gray. 1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that John Gray?s best-selling book, ?Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus?, famous for its insights on the nature and differences of men and women, also relates to the family institution, its nature, structure, and dynamics because the process of communication between men and women is the core of the marital relationship. The author points out that Gray?s discussion of communication between men and women is mainly divided into three categories: (1) different meanings in statements expressed by Martians (men) and Venusians (women); (2) different social realities between Martians and Venusians; and (3) possible solutions and suggestions that reconcile the problem of gendered communication in the context of the family institution. The paper states that, in terms of relating with others, the book describes men as individuals who give importance to ?power, competency, efficiency, and achievement?, while women are often regarded as more focused on issues of ?love, communication, beauty, and relationships?.
From the Paper "In effect, language and perceived social realities are expressed differently across gender: ?Men are more likely to use language to accomplish the job at hand than to nourish relationships? traditionally, female speech often contains statements of sympathy and empathy.? These differences may or may not result to adversarial or harmonious relationships, but what is certain is that communication between men and women will not always depend on these dichotomies, as Gray always assert in his book. More importantly, effectiveness of relationships will also rely on men and women?s attitude and behavior toward each other, specifically individual personalities, regardless of the kind of language and form of communication that they use to interact with others."
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?Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus?, 2004. A brief review of John Gray's famous book, ?Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus?. 755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, in "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus?, John Gray uses analogies and metaphors to explain the distinct differences between men and women. According to Gray, these differences need to be accepted and appreciated in order to have fulfilling and successful relationships.
From the Paper "Gray begins his book by describing how one day Martians were looking through their telescopes and spied the inhabitants of Venus. So taken with the image of women, the Martians hurriedly invented space travel. When they arrived on Venus, the women welcomed them, for they had intuitively been expecting them. Each appreciated the differences in the other and life was grand. However, when they moved to Earth, amnesia set in and men and women forgot that they were supposed to be different. The men and women forgot everything they had learned about each other and hence, have been in conflict ever since (Gray 9)."
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"The Toilet of Venus" (1647-51) by Diego Velasquez, 2006. This paper discusses the gender construction in the painting "The Toilet of Venus" ("The Rokeby Venus") (1647-51) by Diego Velasquez. 2,765 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 82.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that Diego Velazquez's "Toilet of Venus", popularly known as "The Rokeby Venus", created a great deal of controversy in the early 20th century. The author points out that, while the artist himself was inspired to create this artwork based on socially acceptable views of women at the time and while it could be featured today in any reputable museum without causing so much as a blink by even the most conservative audience, these perceptions tend to change over time. The paper relates that the gender construction developed by this work of art was deemed sufficiently exploitative that military female activists, known as suffragettes, targeted it for destruction because of its lurid portrayal of the nude female form and its suggestive qualities. The paper includes a picture of the painting and several long quotations, many of which are embedded in the text.
Table of Contents
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Historical Setting and Social Transitions.
Treatment of Gender Construction in Valezquez's "The Rokeby Venus."
Figure 1. Velazquez, "The Rokeby Venus".
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to Bartley (2003), the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was founded by Emmeline Pankhurst, her daughters and some friends to campaign for votes for women. ... The suffragettes as the WSPU members were called, engaged in a wide range of activities that targeted existing gender disparities, including chaining themselves to railings, writing "Votes for Women" with acid on golf courses that were all-male, disrupted the postal service, verbally and physically attacked members of parliament, put graffiti on government buildings and even church walls and broke windows as well as attacking specific works of art in public galleries and burnt down buildings."
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Life on Mars, 2002. A discussion of whether there is life on the planet Mars. 942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper looks at literary and scientific documentation to assess whether the possibility exists that there is both life and an existing civilization in Mars and whether Mars is able to support human (or at least similar to the elements needed to support human living) life.
Outline
Introduction
Graham Hancock?s ?The Mars Mystery?
Summary of Scientific Speculations
List of Similarities between Mars and Earth
Evidence Supporting Life on Mars
Physical Structure and Composition of Mars
Chemical, Biological and Atmospheric Composition of Mars
Life is Possible on Mars
Civilization Existed on Mars
Space Missions and Probes
Space Mission/Programs Funded by Various Nations
Disqualification of Claims of Civilization on Mars
Conclusion
From the Paper "These space probes and explorations about Mars brought about numerous information and even pictures of the planet?s surface. However, it is difficult to obtain quality shots of the planet?s surface because of its distance from the Earth, and accuracy and precision was sacrificed when information brought by these probes came into existence and knowledge of scientists and astronomers. One speculation that resulted from these studies and explorations is that aside from the possibility that Mars is capable of cultivating human life, there has been evidence supporting some scientists? claim that there existed a form of civilization in Mars."
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Venus in Art, 2004. This paper explores Venus?s representation in art through the Classical and Renaissance periods and into the 19th century. 2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 1500 sources, APA, $ 81.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, throughout history, Venus as a representation of love and beauty has been captured in various media, including the visual arts of paintings and sculpture, music, and drama. The author points out that understanding the roles in history and Greek mythology of Venus, an ancient Italian goddess closely associated with fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans, and Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, is important for understanding how artists have been able to use her as a representation of love and beauty. The paper relates that artistic representations of Venus have long been associated with female sexuality as embodied in the ?Venus Pudica?, a statue in which Venus stands erect with her face slightly turned away, one hand over her breasts and the other shielding her groin, displaying both modesty and an alluring nature.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Venus and Aphrodite
Venus and her Roles in Classical and Renaissance Art
Venus and Sexuality
Venus, Madonna, Mary Magdalene and the Female Role in Society
Venus in Contemporary Culture
From the Paper "During the 18th century, the French painter Fran?ois Boucher also captured the charms of Aphrodite, often depicted her in his most notable work ?The Triumph of Venus.? Boucher?s style was considered to be in the Rococo genre. Rococo by nature is light, playful, and can sometimes be a bit frivolous but proved to be a suitable style for depicting the goddess of love and beauty. This painting indeed conveys to the viewer feelings of delight and joy. Another artist who produced works that depicted the birth of Aphrodite was the French painter J A.D. Ingres. Ingres? work is considered more classical in form that Boucher's version and is part of the artistic movement known as Neoclassicism. In addition, Ingres? work draws inspiration from the past as he depicted her as she emerges from the sea."
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Mars Pathfinder, 2004. An overview of the 1996 Mars Pathfinder mission. 5,162 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 129.95 »
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Abstract This paper provides a mission overview of the Mars Pathfinder mission ,launched in December 1996 as part of an ongoing series of Mars missions to prepare for the landing of a man on the 'red planet' in the next century. It gives a brief mission summary, followed by a scientific description focusing on how Pathfinder made it to Mars and how it surveyed Mars's atmosphere and Mars's surface. It looks at how Mars Pathfinder was not only a huge scientific success, but also gave the public, via Internet, the opportunity to participate at a space mission at a level never experienced before.
Outline
Title
Abstract
Chapter
Introduction
Mission Summary
Science Description
Spacecraft Description
Development and Manufacturing Structure
Launch Vehicle
Mission Costs
Summary
From the Paper "On December 4, 1996 the pathfinder mission was launched on a Delta II-7925 launch vehicle out of Cape Canaveral Air Station. After 211 days in space and a distance traveled of almost 300 million miles the spacecraft landed on July 4, 1997 at its destination (DLR, 2003). In order to fine-tune the flight path a series of four-trajectory correction maneuvers (TCMs) were performed throughout the journey. NASA used the Deep Space Network (DSN) for tracking, telemetry, and command operations. DSN is an international network of antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions by using giant dish antennas (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2004)."
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Venus of Urbino, 2008. This paper discusses the painting 'Venus of Urbino' while concentrating on Rina Goffen's work "Sex, Space, and Social History in Titian's Venus of Urbino". 843 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer notes that Rona Goffen's "Sex, Space, and Social History in Titian's Venus of Urbino" argues that traditional essentialist analysis of Titian's 'Venus of Urbino' have missed key points of textual and historical evidence by concluding that the painting is the equivalent of Renaissance pornography. Instead, the writer points out, Goffen argues, Titian's famous work is actually a marital image that, despite overt sexuality, is nonetheless grounded in the social conventions of marriage during the Renaissance. The writer discusses that drawing on an impressive amount of historical scholarship into the period, Goffen illustrates how our modern conceptions of sexuality and marriage are at odds with those embraced during the Renaissance. The writer maintains that the end result has been a gross misinterpretation of 'Venus of Urbino' that debases the subject of the work without a clear understanding of its social and historical context.
From the Paper "In other words, the act of sex itself may be biological and omnipresent for all human beings; this is natural. But the attached attitudes, beliefs, and representations of that sexuality is not natural but is instead informed wholly by cultural, social, and historical forces. These forces shape the way that individuals perceive the act of sex and incorporate its presence into their lives.
"Because of this fundamentally cultural basis for attitudes about sexuality, it follows that artistic representations of sexuality will change with time and not necessarily be comprehensible. Goffen argues that any interpretation of the obvious sexuality of Venus of Urbino must be tempered and informed by a clear knowledge of the historical period in which the painting was produced and the prevailing attitudes about sexuality that would have informed the artist and his original audience."
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Mars: An Evolving World, 2005. An examination of the planet Mars as an object of our fascination, both past and present. 3,479 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 98.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes the history of human observation of Mars, as well as the modern system of exploration and observation. The paper goes on to establish promotions and objections of future human development of Mars, as it would be accomplished through a process of terraforming.
Outline:
Physical Characteristics
History of Observation of Mars
Modern Martian Exploration
The 'Life on Mars' Debate
The Moons of Mars
Martian Geology
Terraforming Mars
From the Paper "Mars, Ares, Tiw, the god of war; the red planet has been revered as the bringer or bloodshed with its red color in the sky, like the color of blood. The planet adjacent to Earth has been an object of mystery and wonder from the time the first human turned his head skyward, to the time when the first telescope was used to observe Mars and its mysterious "canals," to the present day, as humans continue to send spacecraft to the red planet to expand on existing knowledge."
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Earth and Mars, 2002. A comparison of the two planets discussing whether Earth can become extinct the way Mars did. 920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 32.95 »
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Abstract The paper details the similarities between Earth and Mars explaining that Mars once had its own water cycle. The paper explains what an asteroid is and asserts that asteroids probably destroyed Mars. It speculates whether an asteroid can destroy Earth and discusses ways to prevent this from happening.
From the Paper "A billion or so years ago, a frozen lake covered the plains that were alive. Most of the other volcanoes had stopped spewing gases, the temperature and atmospheric pressure on Mars were so low that ice from the lake surface sublimated. These formed into vapor without melting as water. The water vapor formed clouds that dropped snow onto the volcano?s slopes. The volcano?s magma chamber warmed the slopes enough to melt the bottom layers of the deep snow pack."
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Birth of Venus, 2007. This paper discusses the painting "Birth of Venus" by Sandro Botticelli. 1,766 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 56.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that the "Birth of Venus" by Sandro Botticelli is an important work in the study of art. The writer notes that this late-15th century painting reflects the struggle many Italian artists felt between the great history and traditions of their land, and the strong influence of the Catholic church. The writer points out that both of these influences are present in the "Birth of Venus", even though the painting depicts a pagan theme. The writer concludes that at a time when many pagan works of art were destroyed, including Botticelli pieces, the "Birth of Venus" was somehow spared.
Outline:
Birth of Venus: Specifications
Iconography and Meaning
Style
Historical Context
Conclusion
From the Paper "Botticelli's depiction of the water on which Venus rides could be described as iconography. While Botticelli paints complex and accurate human figures, the water is very simple; it is a blue field with some lines representing waves, and it looks almost like a blue carpet. When we compare that to how water is often represented in other works of art as a powerful, and sometime dangerous, force, we can conclude that Botticelli made the sea simple for a reason."
"In Roman mythology, the gods had the power to control nature, so it would have been inappropriate for Venus to ride to shore on large and dangerous waves. Botticelli made the water simple, calm and flat to show how it could be completely tamed by the gods."
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Botticelli's "The Birth of Venus", 2007. This paper discusses the painting 'The Birth of Venus' by Sandro Botticelli. 790 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the artist Sandro Botticelli and looks at his most famous work 'The Birth of Venus'. The writer discusses various influences on the work of Botticelli and points out that he combined ideas of mythology with Christian concepts in his painting. The writer notes that the 'Birth of Venus' is believed to be inspired by the Homeric Hymns and Ovid. Furthermore, the writer discusses that in the painting itself, Venus is loosely correlated to the Virgin Mary, while Zephyr and Aura are represented as angels and the nymph Hora, who welcomes Venus, suggests the relationship of St. John to the savior. The writer concludes by pointing out that Botticelli's later works focus on more Christian subjects with traditional themes.
From the Paper "In his art, Botticelli was truly a Florentine of his time as he spent his whole life there minus one year in Rome where he worked on the Sistine Chapel. Furthermore, the subject matter of his art was influenced by the social and philosophical atmosphere established in Florence by the famous Medici family. Botticelli benefited by a close relationship with that family at the height of their influence on the social and political atmosphere of Florence. Several of his works were painted either directly for the Medici family such as portraits or indirectly through commissions that the Medici family controlled. Without a doubt, Botticelli was a favorite in the family and had access to other artists and thinkers gathered around the family."
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The Case for Water on Mars, 2002. Scientific analysis of some of the evidence pointing to the existence of water on Mars. 1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95 »
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Abstract The paper looks at the Viking landing missions on Mars twenty years ago and their tests for biological processes on the Martian surface. It looks at how a recent series of orbiting Martian missions has yielded a good deal of chemical and geographic observations from afar. The most exciting possibilities have come from the analysis and interpretation of Martian surface formations seen by these missions. The paper includes a detailed description of these formations such as outflow channels, seepage gullies and several others. In further searches for definitive findings, several missions in the near future will land on Mars and hopefully provide the best data yet. This paper details some of the discoveries made to date, the strongest arguments for water on Mars and what the future holds for Martian exploration.
From the Paper "The thought of life on Mars has intrigued humans for centuries. As Martian astronomy has made incredible leaps in the past 100 years and many spectacular discoveries have been made, we are still not sure if life does or has ever existed on Mars. Over the last thirty years, as our knowledge of biological functions has increased, scientists have focused more and more on the existence of liquid water as the biggest single indicator of possible life. To that end, much work and controversy has surrounded man?s efforts to find evidence of that all important ingredient for the development of life on Mars."
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Living on Mars, 2004. Discusses options for making Mars habitable for human beings. 1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95 »
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Abstract Of all the planets in our solar system, Mars has long seemed to be the most habitable besides Earth. Many scientists believe Mars may have had oceans of water, a warmer climate, and rich vegetation billions of years ago. This paper examines the hazards that inhabitants would face if Mars was to be made habitable again and some of the solutions that scientists are working on to reduce problems of living on the Red Planet.
From the Paper "Mars' atmosphere is so thin, there is little protection from the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, and this would pose yet another hazard to anyone who wanted to live on the planet. Anyone living on the planet would have to be protected from the constant radiation by either a space suit, or living inside a protective habitat. Clearly, colonizing Mars would be an extremely expensive endeavor, and until the first person actually steps on the planet, it is impossible to tell exactly what the conditions are like, and what threats they pose."
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Mars Bar Unlimited, 2007. A marketing proposal for the "Mars Bar Unlimited" candy bar that is supported by its "Energy of Life!" campaign. 5,361 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 132.95 »
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Abstract The paper reveals that Mars Incorporated is a multi-billion dollar global manufacturer of a wide range of consumer products. The paper explores the marketing options for the new Mars Bar Unlimited candy bar. The paper discusses the promising prospects of the new energy bar initiative and concludes that Mars Incorporated has an establish track record of recognizing what its consumers want and in providing them with quality and good tasting products.
Outline:
Introduction: Briefing
Situation Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Review of Consumer
Advertising Strategy
Creative Solution
Media Solution
Other Ideas
Conclusion
From the Paper "In a suburb of Washington, D.C., there sits a modest, red-brick office building on a street with a number of similar buildings such as real estate agents, banks, doctors, law offices, construction companies, and other businesses typical of a residential community. The red-brick building in question, though, is a business owned and managed by two brothers now more than 70 years old, who are also assisted by their sister is this family-owned, privately held business. The nondescript building also holds some of the richest people in the United States and they got there largely by selling chocolate. According to Anderson (2004), the Mars family inherited the business from their father and grandfather."
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