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Don Marquis' "Why Abortion Is Immoral", 2005.
This paper analyzes Don Marquis' beliefs about abortion as presented in his book "Why Abortion Is Immoral".
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses abortion from the point of view of both pro-life and pro-choice supporters. The author points out that Marquis suggests that it is immoral to abort a fetus based on the fact that it is immoral to kill a person. The paper stresses that until there is solid proof of when a person becomes a person, the right of the living (mother-to-be) should supersede the rights of a fetus.
From the Paper
"What makes killing a person wrong? Do the same considerations make destroying a fetus wrong as well? This paper will argue that abortion is moral and until there is clear evidence of when a fetus becomes a person the living (mother to be) ought to have the right to choose. In other words, the rights of the living should supersede the rights of a fetus. According to the author, Don Marquis, of "Why Abortion Is Immoral," abortion is wrong because is constitutes the loss of the fetus' future life, a life similar to that of most people, thus making abortion morally wrong for the same reasons that killing a person is morally wrong."
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The Immorality of Abortion, 2006.
An essay arguing against a woman's right to have an abortion.
1,612 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the moral issues surrounding abortion and argues that, when debating the abortion topic, the moral issues should be considered more important than the legal issues. The paper further makes arguments against the right to choose an abortion and concludes that while the right to choose is important, it doesn't supersede the fetus' right to live.
From the Paper
"Abortion generally divides the population into pro-choice and pro-life supporters. Pro-choice advocates support the Supreme Court decision and believe that women should always have the right to choose and it is morally permissible whenever a woman chooses it. This is primarily seen as the liberal viewpoint, which focuses on the woman's right to do with her body as she chooses. Pro-life advocates reject the notion that abortions are morally permissible all the time. In fact, most pro-life supporters would only justify an abortion if the mother's life were at risk or of she became pregnant as the result of rape. This viewpoint is more conservative and focuses on the sanctity of life itself. The debate that swarms around this issue is exactly when life begins."
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The Issue of Abortion and Abortion Law, 2001.
This paper examines the issues of abortion and abortion law
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 20 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various aspects of abortion and abortion law such as social and ethical concerns as well as the law, and more specifically concerned to that of women's rights.
From the paper:
"While medical science is making abortion much safer for the woman, the debates and the legal battles continue unabated. In the United States, the battles rage in the courts, the Congress and state legislatures. There have even been violent confrontations in the clinics where abortions are performed. There are people in favor of giving the woman the right to abort, and people who are not prepared to allow abortion except when it puts the life of the mother in danger. In between these two extreme positions, we have people taking intermediate positions."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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A Rational Consideration of the Permissibility of Abortion, 2008.
A discussion of the permissibility of abortion based on a comparative analysis of Dan Marquis' essay "An Argument that Abortion is Wrong" and Judith Thomson's essay "A Defense of Abortion".
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes two essays from Julian Cole's "Readings on the Ethics of Abortion" regarding the controversy over the permissibility of abortion. The first is Dan Marquis' "An Argument that Abortion is Wrong",
which attempts to make a unique argument against abortion which removes the prickly, and in many ways impossible to settle, contrast between those who view it as morally wrong and those who believe that it is a right protected by natural law. The second is Judith Thomson's "A Defense of Abortion", which, according to the paper, helps to discern the flaws in Marquis' approach while providing a justification for proliferation of abortion rights. Contrary to Marquis, Thomson attacks head-on the fundamental question at the heart of the debate, which is the definition of life. In both articles, there is a shared attempt to remove the difficult and prejudicial moral elements of the abortion controversy. To conclude, the paper maintains that, in more cases than not, a responsible societal administration of abortion rights must be seen as a permissible exercise of human rights.
From the Paper
"In his article, "An Argument that Abortion is Wrong," Dan Marquis crafts a case which he claims has no basis in religion. (Cole, 6) It is upon this claim that he attempts to make a unique argument against abortion which removes the prickly, and in many ways impossible to settle, contrast between those who view it as morally wrong and those who believe that it is a right protected by natural law. The reason for his claimed withdrawal from the traditionally religious notion of abortion as being a violation of the universal right to life is its inherently divisive nature. Here, we find that the pro-life advocate is seeking to enter the argument without falling prey to its usually impenetrable morass of subjective ideas."
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Abortion, 2004.
This paper argues against the immorality of abortion.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that abortion cannot be considered immoral due to metaphysical and religious speculation. The author discusses pro-choice versus pro-life. The paper examines Dworkin's definition of the "sacred", women's rights and the religious influence on the political and legal realms. Outline included.
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Abortion, 2002.
Examines the issue within the context of two articles by Judith Thomson and Don Marquis.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Judith Thomson's article "A Defence of Abortion" where she states her opinion that some abortions are permissible and that fetuses are not human beings at the moment of conception. It then compares it to Don Marquis "Why Abortion is Immoral" in which he claims the opposite - that abortions are always impermissible and that fetuses are human beings from the moment of conception because they have a future. The author then shows, in the bulk of the paper, why he agrees with Thomson?s argument.
From the Paper
"This leads me to believe that if a woman has an unwanted pregnancy, she has a right to end it before the fetus is viable, because the fetus?s life is dependent on the life of the biological mother. For example, if the mother were to incur a fatal injury before the fetus is viable the fetus would die, but if the baby is viable the baby could survive whether the mother lives or not. This is the first point in my opinion - that the fetus?s future is able to be controlled by someone other than the biological mother. Before this point the mother has a right to do what she wants, because it is a part of her body and if the baby is unwanted, she is not doing anything morally wrong, because she is not hurting any person but herself. After the point where the baby is viable, it is morally wrong to have an abortion because that is a form of murder."
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Post-Abortion, 2005.
This paper discusses abortion, especially the post abortion period, from the aspects of the Christian church.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the view of the church, abortion is possibly one of the most vivid instances of a circumstance where something is legitimate in this contemporary period but is viewed as committing a sin against God. The author points out that the Church declares that the victims of abortion are both the woman and her child because the demise of a child is one of the severest moments of strain a person can bear in life; therefore post-abortion syndrome is the emotional trauma of not lamenting and not allowing oneself to experience the agony and suffering that goes with the bereavement. The paper states that the Law of God divulges the sin of both partners and they feel at fault and immense grief, the church controls individuals who persistently experience the saddle of the sin of abortion by repeatedly indicating them to the cross of their Lord Jesus.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Church on Abortion
Church on Psychological and Physical Post-Abortion Sequelae
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, in case of some women, the strain post-abortion is linked with eating problems like overindulgence in eating, bulimia, and anorexia nervosa. Abortion is connected with greater depression, aggressive conduct, alcohol and drug abuse, and surrogate pregnancies, and lower maternal linkage with children who are born thereafter. These causes are strongly linked with child abuse and will seem to corroborate stray clinical evaluations connecting post-abortion pain with subsequent child abuse. It has been seen that post-abortion couples have increased chances of divorcing or undergoing separation. Several post-abortion women develop an increased problem forming long-term relationships with a male partner."
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Abortion Rights, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the sociology of abortion and looks at abortion rights among women.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the subject of abortion requires exploration into multiple moral, social and religious values. The writer points out that some may argue that abortion also requires an exploration of political views and legal perspectives, as the concept and subject is often shaped by multiple dynamics including those in the political realm. This paper reviews the subject of abortion from a sociological standpoint, arguing that women should be allowed the right to an abortion. The writer concludes that a woman's right to an abortion should be upheld and that women should be afforded the opportunity to make the decision they feel is best for them and their family when it comes to their body and their privacy.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Problem
Discussion Present Situation
Opinion
Conclusions and Summary
References
From the Paper
"The subject of abortion is one that has long been argued among politicians, sociologists, humanists and citizens. Controversial because it involves one's definitions of life and values as a human, the subject of abortion is one that legal analysts have reviewed over decades. Ultimately however, the subject of abortion is one that rests on a woman's right to privacy. As a woman's "right" to privacy is a right upheld by the law, one can only assume that a woman should be guaranteed that right under the law. Because abortion involves one's personal decisions affecting their bodies, it is important that sociologists, psychologists and legal analysts avoid applying political idealisms to the subject of abortion, and rather consider the subject of abortion based on value systems and beliefs."
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Abortion, 2007.
An argument against the legality and morality of abortion.
3,036 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate regarding abortion. It begins by defining abortion and discussing the circumstances in which it may come about. The writer presents his personal opinion regarding the abortion debate and then continues to discuss the many legal and ethical arguments against abortion. The paper concludes that there is strong case against abortion because it is immoral.
From the Paper
"Another group of medical opinions against abortion enclose the meaning of life and death. If one set of norms has been used to describe death, could they also be utilized to describe life? Death is described by the pause of heartbeat. A stopped up heart is an obvious sign of death. If the pause of heartbeat could describe death, could the beginning of a heartbeat describe life? In the womb, the heart is developed on the 18th day. If heartbeat were used to describe life, then almost all abortions would be banned. Doctors now employ a more accurate condition for death: brain wave movement. A flat EEG, electroencephalograph is one of the most essential standard used to verify death. If the pause of brain wave activity can describe death, could the beginning of brain wave activity describe life? In the fetus, in about 40-43 days, the individual brain waves are noticed. Utilizing brain wave activity to describe life would prohibit at any rate a number of abortions. (Arguments against Abortion)"
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Morality and Abortion, 2005.
This paper discusses the moral question of abortion and looks at the opposing views of authors Mary Anne Warren and Don Marquis.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This essay addresses the moral debate over abortion between Mary Anne Warren and Don Marquis. The writer notes that the first author argues that morally abortion is permissible and the second author argues that it is not. The essay analyses both arguments and attempts to answer which one is more persuasive and why. Also, the essay explains which moral theory is more helpful in discussing this issue.
From the Paper
"This essay addresses the moral debate over abortion. It looks at two philosophical arguments, the first a pro-abortion point of view by Mary Anne Warren and the second by Don Marquis who argues that abortion is morally wrong. The essay looks at the two arguments in order to examine which why is more persuasive. It also looks at which of these two moral theories is most helpful in thinking about the issue of abortion. This essay argues that although both sets of arguments make valid points and both have solid philosophical background neither can attribute much to the resolution of this issue."
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Ethics and Abortion, 2002.
An indepth exploration of both sides of the abortion debate.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Almost three decades after the landmark 1973 Roe vs. Wade case legalizing abortion in America, the issue remains the greatest moral flashpoint facing America today. This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin?s ?sanctity of life? principles. By ?abortion,? this paper includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of ?convenience? to abortions in cases of rape and incest. It evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed their campaign on the personhood and the rights of the fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed their issue as a campaign for women?s reproductive rights. Finally, the paper examines the approach of a minority of women, activists from both camps who are working to bridge the gap between pro- and anti-abortion factions.
By presenting both sides, this paper argues that because of current societal structures that make unwanted pregnancy more likely to happen and its consequences more difficult to assume, abortion must remain an option, a ?necessary evil.? Both pro- and anti-abortion factions, however, must work towards their common ground ? a society where abortions are no longer necessary.
From the Paper
"Despite the legality of abortion and its importance to women?s rights, anti-abortion activists have successfully curtailed several pro-choice gains. More important, the ?pro-life? camp?s appeals to a higher moral law have successfully placed pro-choice advocates on the defensive.
However, pro-choice advocates also frame their stand on morality. Forcing a woman to continue and unwelcome pregnancy is ultimately harmful to the mother and the child. The creation of unwanted and uncared-for children has a two-fold effect of limiting a woman?s potential for both the present and future motherhood. As Roiphe states, becoming a mother is a crucial choice and its imposition makes women into ?slaves of their biology? (142)."
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Abortion: An Ethical Issue, 2002.
This essay discusses the ethical dilemna that the abortion issue presents using the arguments of three philosophers, Judith Jarvis-Thompson, Mary Anne Warren and Don Marquis to analytically discuss and debate each of their individual positions.
4,083 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
Examined here is the seemingly intractable debate that has garnered much debate and philosophical discourse. Is abortion unethical? If so, on what grounds? Does a fetus have an unquestionable right to life? The arguments of three philosphers, Thompson, Warren, and Marquis attempt to construe argument devoid of appeal to religious sources. Actual logical arguments are put forth and then dissected by the author. Instruction of Informal fallacies also included, as well as topics such as debate through analogies, Criteria of Personhood, and Potentiality theories: FLO theory.
From the Paper
"First let us begin with an argument derived from the article by Judith Jarvis-Thompson entitled, ?A Defense of Abortion.? She starts of with explaining the common pro-life argument, which relies heavily on the premise that a fetus is a human being and a person at the moment of conception. While examining the continuous expectancy that the fetus constantly develops into a child, she from this judges that to draw a line of personhood from this point or another is to exemplify the argument with an arbitrary carelessness. She makes no attempt to refute a fetus as a person or otherwise. To do so she deems as participation in a ?slippery-slope argument.? Thompson acknowledges that the fetus is a human well before it?s birth, for it would be biologically unsound to state otherwise. Based on her take of the anti-abortionist?s argument an acorn (a potential oak tree) would be viewed in the same way as an Oak tree is, even though that this is an incorrect and rather crude observation. From this basis, she says on cannot make a good examination until a better counter-argument is examined and then she says we will have more sufficient grounds on which to reject it or not."
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Abortion and Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses both sides of the abortion debate.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin's "sanctity of life" principles. In this article, the writer includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of "convenience" to abortions in cases of rape and incest. The essay evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed its campaign on the personhood and the rights of the unborn fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed its issue as a campaign for women's rights to privacy and reproductive freedom. The writer concludes that both pro- and anti-abortion factions have a common interest in seeing a society with no abortion, where the stigma and economic concerns attached to unwanted pregnancies no longer apply.
Outline:
Abortion and Ethics
Anti-Abortion Arguments
Pro-Abortion Arguments
Works Cited
From the Paper
"All these scientific arguments about fetal heart rates and brainwaves serve to tie abortion to a greater and more clear-cut moral issue - murder. At issue is what Ronald Dworkin terms people's belief in "the sanctity of life," a multidimensional value measured in several factors. First, life itself has an instrumental value, because everyone's life can contribute to the interests and well being of society as a whole. Second, life has a personal value, a good or personal worth to the living individual. Finally, beyond the instrumental and personal, life also has an intrinsic value. This intrinsic value exists independently of other people's valuation, regardless of the beliefs of its possessor or other observers."
"By proving that a fetus has a heartbeat, distinct DNA and brainwaves, through graphic films showing how a fetus reacts to shock and pain, the anti-abortion camp is focusing on what Dworkin identifies as the intrinsic value of life."
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Abortion, 2003.
An overview of abortion, followed by a discussion of abortion in the U.S., France and China.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues concerning abortion including the stance of pro-life and pro-choice supporters. It looks at the debate over whether induced abortions should be permitted, encouraged, or severely repressed and how it has been a social issue that has divided theologians, philosophers and legislators for centuries. It analyzes the laws, practices and attitudes towards abortion in three different cultures, in the U.S., France and China.
From the Paper
"The debate over abortion in the United States has largely been a focus on the morality of the practice; in many developing nations of the world, though, the debate centers on the mother?s right to survive in a harsh environment herself. For instance, the United Nations Population Fund reported in 2000 that worldwide, 350 million couples do not have access to safe and effective contraceptive methods, and millions of couples lack even the most basic information about birth control. That report stated that about 175 million unwanted pregnancies occur each year, about 20 percent of those end up in unsafe abortions, and more than half a million women per year die as a consequence (The Global War for Public Health, 2002, p. 24)."
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