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The Maritime Empires of the Portuguese and the Dutch, 2006.
An assessment of the importance of means over motivation in the establishment of the maritime empires of the Portugese and the Dutch.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the creation of the Dutch and Portugese maritime empires, attempting to understand the primary impetus. The author maintains that in both the Dutch and Portuguese cases, means-not motivation-was the major factor in determining the creation and form of the countries' respective empires.
The Portuguese Maritime Empire in Monsoon Asia (1498-1825)
The Dutch Maritime Empire (1400-1800)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the first stages of imperial expansion, means is more important than motivation. Some empires, such as the Dutch (though not the Portuguese), have a pre-imperialist phase of expansion in which this is particularly true. In this earliest stag, the country is simply trying to preserve the status quo, as the Dutch were trying to preserve their access to spices at the end of the 16th century. Without planning to, they lay the groundwork for imperialism-in the Dutch case, by consolidating trade under the VOC and forming alliances with Asian leaders not already allied with the Portuguese. Only when the necessary means for empire materialize does the country opportunistically and imperialistically expand."
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The Roman Empire vs The Chinese Empire, 2001.
This paper examines the similarities and differences between the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a detailed comparison of the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire. The author shows how the imperial dynasties of Han and Qin along with the classical empire of Rome offered their people a combination of protection against external enemies and an infrastructure that was far more functional than individual cities or regions would have been able to provide for themselves. This paper describes the reign of all three of these dynasties and their effect on their people as well as world history.
From the Paper
"While it is difficult to make any general statement that can cover the political and cultural complexities of the Roman Empire along with the Han and Qin dynasties in China because they were sufficiently different from each other as well as being possessed of substantial internal diversity. And yet, even given the range of institutions and ideals that the three cultures exemplified, there are some commonalties that strike the observer from the vantage point of the 21st century. The primary one of these is that neither the Chinese empire nor the Roman one could have extended its reach as far as it did in geographic terms, had as great a control over its subjects' personal lives as it did, nor ruled for such a long period of time had not the ruling house combined a high degree of bureaucratic efficiency with a depiction of the imperial family that was at least semi-divine."
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The Byzantine Empire: The First Christian Empire, 1986.
Overview of the rise & decline of the Byzantine Empire, the first Christian Empire. Discusses rulership of Constantine & Justinian and describes church architecture & symbolic purposes.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"The first Christian Empire in the world was that of the Byzantine Empire founded by Constantine in 330 A.D. The Byzantine Empire started with the division of the Roman empire into East and West factions, with the eastern provinces becoming the Byzantine Empire. When the Roman Emperor Constantine was converted to Christianity, he moved the governing center from Rome to the city of Byzantium, made Christianity the state religion, and created a state that had a profound effect on the social life and outlook of the people. The first moves toward splitting up the Roman Empire had been made by Constantine's uncle, the Emperor Diocletian, who thought that the problems with the empire were related to having too much territory to the east and north out of direct control (Wenzel, 1965: pp. 11-13). The separation did not take place immediately but over a generation or so and would last for more (...)"
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The Ottoman and Mongol Empires, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the influence of the Ottoman and Mongol empires on western civilization.
1,299 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Ottoman and Mongol empires have made their mark in history as powerful empires and how their influence extended across continents and defied the traditional Western powers. It looks at how both empires overpowered countries more established and stronger that they were while they themselves were still building their own countries. The paper also discusses how the study of their influence in Europe provides social and political scientists insights into the region's historical politics, economy and society and how these two empires have served as learning models for subsequent governments to strengthen their states as well as use the very same principles to extend their own interests in the world.
Outline:
Mongol Empire
Ottoman Empire
Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Ottomans are credited for the foundation of modern international commerce. They also used embargoes and other trade based strategies to support their political and military agendas (Cox et al, 2001). The modern form of trade organizations and toll systems were based on Ottoman system of trafficking and controlling goods. The Ottoman's rise and decline were both prolonged ("Ottoman Empire", 2006). Some historian believe that one of the reasons for this that the Ottoman empire was not a looming military threat for any country and that it was more programmed to operate in a leisurely way and states were allowed to manage their affairs independently (Sicker, 2000). In its later years, it became more active internally with civil strife which eventfully disintegrated the empire ("Ottoman Empire", 2006)."
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The Abbasid and Ottoman Empires, 2008.
This paper discusses the Abbasid and Ottoman empires, as possible examples of Islamic imperialism.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Abbasid and Ottoman empires made use of the glorification of Islam. The author points out that these empires attempted a standardization of language, brokered different relationships with non-Muslims, saw extensive economic growth and continued expansion of the arts, letters and cultural attainment. The paper relates that both the Abbasid and Ottoman empires had the emotive symbols of their respective capitals as political, commercial and spiritual centers. The author underscores that both empires made errors in over-expansion, failure to consistently respect minorities and the use of force. The paper concludes that the result was forever fragmentation when faced by external pressures and the risk of oppressing constituent groups, which tends to affect all empires in the end.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Political Control and the Abbasid Empire
Economic and Social Affairs
Symptoms of Decline
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The decline of the Abbasids owed in good measure to the way in which the Shii community had been treated since the beginning. Anti-Caliphal sentiment understandably continued as much the Sunni ulama worked to crate the impression of Muslim unity by way of strong self definition and standardization of law, language, religious practice and political rationales. By the 13th century, the Abbasid Empire was a fragmented collection of states and territories ruled by military commanders. Of course, the Ottoman Empire would also over-expand, its different oppressive campaigns and government by military force creating quiet enemies."
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The Portuguese Community of Santa Clara, 2002.
A history of the Portuguese Community of Santa Clara, California from 1900 to present.
2,863 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief history of the Portuguese immigration to California which began on September 18, 1542. It looks at how today the Portuguese in Santa Clara have indeed come a long way since the time their forefathers first settled in the beautiful valley dotted with orchards and dairy farms. Now named Silicon Valley, the city is home to the silicon chip industry, which is the backbone of the multi billion dollar computer hardware industry. It shows how the dedication and spirit of enterprise shown by the members of the local community have contributed in no small measure to the tremendous economic and social development the city has witnessed over the past century.
Outline
History of Portuguese Immigration into Santa Clara
Portuguese Culture and Heritage
The Portuguese Historical Museum
Economics and Commerce in Santa Clara
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Portuguese community had developed a closely-knit, supportive culture through the channels of community centers and organizations that they set up, and by periodic cultural events that were held by them. Dedicated to preserving the culture and heritage of their homeland, the early Portuguese settlers started many fraternal organizations. Foremost among them was the Sociedade do Espirito Santo (S.E.S.), which was founded on December 16, 1895 in Santa Clara6. The S.E.S. Corporation building now stands at the corner of Lewis and Lafayette Streets, and this is the place where annual celebrations and social functions are held."
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Development in Maritime Canada, 2008.
This paper looks at the relative backwardness of development in maritime Canada.
3,360 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the question of the backwardness of economic development in Canada's maritime region has been the subject of considerable debate among scholars and researchers. This debate has produced many possible causes for this problem, among which academics from a range of disciplines argue heatedly for this or that primary cause. This essay argues the thesis that there is no single causal explanation for the relative backwardness of maritime economic development. Instead, the writer maintains that as is seen with particular reference to the manufacturing sector, the reasons for the comparative underdevelopment of the Canadian maritime lies in the convergence of a number of factors: dependency and staple economy; the lack of local financing and control; and geography and railway freight rates.
Outline:
Introduction
The Issues in the Debate
Dependency Theory and the Staple Economy
Maritime Industries and the National Policy
The Railway and the Decline of Maritime Manufacturers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The advantage of this perspective is that it situates the problem of maritime underdevelopment within a larger historical continuum that addresses the region's economic performance and relationships not only after Confederation but before it as well. In addition, it should be noted that this approach incorporated elements of the dependency theory model with aspects of the staple theory.
"However, it should be noted that dependency theory possesses clear problems, primary among which is the fact of how empirical data seems to contradict the view inherent in dependency theory that the economic development of one area can only be achieved through the economic exploitation of another. The maritime underdevelopment problem is more complex, however, in that the data appears to contradict the simplistic application of this template.."
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Alba Organics and the Portuguese Market, 2006.
Assesses the risk of Alba Organics entering the Portuguese market.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Alba Organics has a unique product offering of high quality, herbal based, cruelty free skincare products. They have been committed to the development of what they deem to be Consciousness Cosmetics for more than a decade. The paper shows that entry into the Portuguese market offers certain benefits, such as the Portuguese people's commitment to high moral standards, which would be conducive to cruelty-free, environmentally responsible products such as Alba Organics. The paper shows, however, that there are also risks that need to be taken into consideration.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Company Overview and History
Portugal Overview and Culture
The Portuguese Economy
Portugal's Infrastructure
Portuguese Geo-Political Issues
Portuguese Exchange Rate
The Skincare Market Industry in Portugal
Method of Product Entry
Summary
References
From the Paper
"In 2001 through 2003, Portugal lost some economic ground. However, it began to see renewed growth in 2004, but still remains to be one of the poorest EU members. This is partially due to moderately high inflation and unemployment rates, as well as the difficulty the country is having in keeping the public debt within the EU limits. Portugal's primary economic challenges lie in the need to modernize their markets, industry, workforce and infrastructure ("Portugal", 2005)."
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The History of the Portuguese Language, 2002.
A look at the Portuguese language from the start to modern times.
3,295 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the Portuguese language from 218 BC to the present modern-day Portuguese. The paper also discusses the various Portuguese speaking countries and traces the language from its inception. Statistics and maps showing numbers and area distribution of the Portuguese language are also included.
From the Paper
"The Portuguese language, which evolved from spoken Latin, developed on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula (now Portugal and the Spaniard province of Galicia) included in the province the Romans called Lusitania. When the Romans invaded the peninsula in 218 B.C. the people living in the region adopted Latin, the Roman's language" (on-line, orbital). From then until the 9th century, all spoke Romance, which is a language representing an intermediate stage between vulgar or common Latin and modern Latin languages, which include Portuguese, Castilian (Spanish from Spain), French and Galician (on-line, cplp)."
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The Role of the Royal Navy in the Success of the British Empire, 2002.
The impact that the Royal Navy had on Britain's success as a great maritime Empire.
3,110 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the overall reflection of the power of the British Empire in its naval forces. There are various descriptions of the many ways the Royal Navy actually contributed to the rise, reign and eventual fall of the British Empire.
From the Paper
"The extraordinary power, strength, and size that made the British Empire one of the greatest the world had ever seen, was mainly due to the success of its maritime forces. From the start, Britain had three major choices in its foreign policy: immersing herself in domestic issues and the power struggle in the continental Europe, remaining away from it by isolating itself (like Japan), or turning to the rest of the world for newer opportunities. The first would leave Britain in the midst of a huge turmoil over land and religion, while the second would strip them of their keen interest in trading as a primary means of accumulating wealth. Logically, this left the third, and the navy was used to explore this option (1). To stay ahead of rivals for the sake of the Empire, the navy was at the forefront of innovations in warfare and maritime technology, which was further encouraged and financed by the Empire. These innovations helped the navy occupy a key position in the success of the British Empire that used the Royal Navy to maintain and strengthen its imperial power. The navy was instrumental not only in policing and opening trade routes, but also in protecting the Empire. All in all, the Royal Navy?s innovations in ship building technology, combined with the government?s willingness to use the navy for defense and expansion, were the major contributors to the rise and success of the British Empire, economically and territorially."
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Maritime Forces in Future Warfare, 2007.
An analysis of US maritime strategy in future wars.
5,950 words (approx. 23.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the maritime forces in possible future warfare. The paper points out that since the fall of the Eastern bloc, the US has had to face a more unpredictable and elusive enemy. It argues that the Cold War, though not desirable, was actually a comfortable and predictable arrangement, as two clearly defined blocs existed to balance each other out with viable and detrimental deterrent mechanisms. The paper then discusses how terrorism is becoming an increasingly evident type of present day warfare. The paper concludes that, by innovating and changing along with this new situation, maritime forces may not have to risk losing their effectiveness in keeping the peace.
Outline:
Introduction
Present Day Warfare - Fourth Generation Warfare
Detailed Future Maritime Security Threats
The Maritime Forces Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Technology is quickly furthering marine activities such as energy development, resource extraction, and other commercial activities in and under the oceans. Climate change is progressively opening up the waters of the Arctic to innovative resource development and to new shipping routes that may possibly reshape the global transport system. While these developments offer great prospects for growth, they are actually breeding grounds for competition and conflict for access and natural resources."
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The Portuguese Language (O Portugues), 2008.
A linguistic description of the Portuguese language, which ranks in sixth in the overall number of speakers of any language.
2,730 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Portuguese is an Indo-European language, which originated from the Vulgar Latin about two thousand years ago. The author points out that, as Christians conquered the peninsula, a lot of the grammar and words used in Spain and France greatly influenced the modern Portuguese language although the morphology and syntax were only slightly changed. The paper reports that Portuguese is a pluricentric language, which varies from its geographic locations but remains one language. The author describes its phonology, vowels, morphology, syntax, lexicon and pragmatics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Phonology
Vowels in Portuguese
Morphology and Syntax
Lexicon
Pragmatics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Notice that there are actually three ways that one may say, "You make" in Portuguese. Vos fazeis is actually very archaic and is only used in Holy Scriptures or when praying to God. If you dare mention this, people would look at you very weird. It is similar to the use of ye in English which no one uses anymore (I hope not!). Now depending whether one is in Portugal or Brazil, the use of tu and voce varies. In the Portuguese spoken in Portugal, this dialect is considered as an honorable title. The pronoun voce is used when speaking to older people or when showing respect."
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Maritime Oil Pollution, 2002.
An examination of role of the Marine Pollution convention (MARPOL) and the United Nations in preventing maritime oil pollution.
1,854 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Flags of Convenience as they pertain to maritime oil pollution. The writer explores UN and MARPOL mandates and discusses the Flags of Convenience. The writer then ties them into maritime oil pollution and presents recommendations for how this might be solved.
From the Paper
"As the world populations continues to grow and live longer than ever before it has become apparent that natural resources must be guarded with the utmost care and protection. It is those natural resources allow mankind to survive therefore their preservation is paramount to the success of the future. One of the biggest threats to the eco-system today is the threat of oil pollution. Through spills, dumping and other accidents the oil pollution in the world has threatened significant areas of the eco-system that are depended on. In recent decades there have been measurements taken to prevent oil pollution from destroying the eco system, and many of the mandates in place are indeed strong statements of protection, however, with the advent of ?flags of convenience? states those mandates have lost their clout and power, therby rendering them ineffective. Even MARPOL and the UN Convention on the Law of the Seas have been disabled by the FOC provisions."
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Maritime Conflicts in the Asia Pacific Region, 2002.
A discussion of major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts among ASEAN nations.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Discusses major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts among ASEAN nations. Arms race and growth of Chinese naval power. Chinese economy. The Spateley Islands issue of the South China Sea; their strategic importance to maritime trade. Conflict over the status of Taiwan. Korean Penisula conflict. Outlook for peace and stability of the Asia Pacific region.
From the Paper
"Current Maritime Issues/Conflict in Asia Pacific Region
This research paper outlines and discusses the major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts in the Asia Pacific region, their implications and the outlook for regional peace and security, with particular relevance to ASEAN nations. The ASEAN nations now include Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
1. Arms Race and Growth in Chinese Naval Power
The Asia Pacific region is one of the most heavily armed regions of the world. The United States is the world's leading military superpower. China (the PRC) has had nuclear weapons since the 1960s and the largest army in the world. Japan could easily become a nuclear power and its Self-Defense forces, particularly its air force and navy, are formidable. The military..."
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