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Manufacturing Sectors in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, 2002.
An in-depth study which compares the manufacturing sector of Jamaica with the manufacturing sector in Trinidad and Tobago and why one is more successful than the other.
12,014 words (approx. 48.1 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 232.95
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Abstract
This paper compares, through the application of appropriate economic models, the development of the manufacturing sub-sector in Jamaica with the manufacturing sub-sector in Trinidad in order to identify those factors that have led to higher levels of growth in Trinidadian manufacturing than those prevailing in Jamaican manufacturing. The paper asks if the differences between Jamaica and Trinidad in the effectiveness of the transmission of export gains, have contributed to differences in the growth of the manufacturing sub-sector in the two countries. It also questions whether the differences between Jamaica and Trinidad, in relation to the development of internal obstacles emanating from governmental economic policy, have led to differences in the levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the two countries.
From the Paper
"Throughout the decade of the 1980s, Jamaica experienced economic growth. The nation?s mean growth rate for the decade was 2.2 percent, and the Jamaican economy recorded its highest growth rate, 4.1 percent, in 1990. Subsequently to 1990, Jamaican economy performed somewhat erratically through 1994 while maintaining growth. The economy was flat in 1995 and fell into recession in 1996, where it has since remained (World Bank, 1999). Gross domestic product (GDP) in Jamaica declined 0.7 percent in 1998 (Thomas, 1999). By the spring of 1999, Jamaica?s economy was described as being in a state of "shambles" after recording its third consecutive year of recession in 1998 (Gibbings, 1999, p. 1).
The Trinidadian economy, by contrast with that in Jamaica, was in recession throughout the 1980s, experiencing mean negative growth of 2.9 percent across the decade. Trinidad experienced two years of economic growth in 1990 and 1991 before falling back into recession in both 1992 and 1993. From 1994 through 1998, however, Trinidad recorded strong economic growth, although the rate of growth steadily declined from 3.8 percent in 1994 to 3.1 percent in 1998 (World Bank, 1999). By the spring of 1999, however, Trinidad?s economy was described as being in "rapid decline" (Gibbings, 1999, p. 1). GDP growth in the first quarter of 1999 slipped to two-percent (International Monetary Fund, 1999)."
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Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuelan Conflict, 2002.
This paper examines the international conflict of the nations of Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago over fishing rights.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of fishing water regions for the nations of Trinidad and Tobago and why they find the use of these regions by Venezuela as an infringement of international law. It discusses the history of this conflict and the internal political and economic situation of each country which has lead to this conflict.
From the Paper
"Both Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago are relatively poor countries (or at least countries where the majority of the people are poor) and this tends to exacerbate their disputes over fishing rights. Venezuela, both larger and more economically powerful (a ?semi-peripheral? nation) , tends to have an advantage over Trinidad and Tobago, a ?peripheral? nation, as explained in the model below. American economist Immanuel Wallerstein has argued in many of his writings that the best way to understand the relationship amongst the First, Second and Third Worlds (and possibly a Fourth World consisting of countries that have recently cast off colonial status) is to consider all of the world?s nations as being a part of a single economic system. This system ? which is political as well as economic ? is highly complex and can only be understood if it is seen as a highly interdependent world system. Wallerstein argued that this world system had its origins in the rise of modern capitalism in the 17th century (McMichael, 2000, p. 669)."
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Carnival In Trinidad and Tobago, 1999.
History and origins of the celebration associated with Lent, cultural significance, myth and religion, social aspects and the characters involved.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago is considered "the oldest and greatest of them all, the mother of all Carnivals, often imitated, never equaled" ("Carnival, The Greatest Show on Earth"). Official Carnival lasts for two days of masquerading, but the Carnival season is much longer and involves a wide variety of activities.
From the Paper
"Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago is considered "the oldest and greatest of them all, the mother of all Carnivals, often imitated, never equaled" ("Carnival, The Greatest Show on Earth"). Official Carnival lasts for two days of masquerading, but the Carnival season is much longer and involves a wide variety of activities. Carnival is a celebration associated with the coming of Lent on the Catholic calendar and is seen as the last opportunity to indulge before the sober disciplines of Lent. The word "carnival" itself means "farewell to the flesh." Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, however, also involves the inclusion of African rhythms in the music, creating the Calypso beat that marks this celebration. The history of carnival has been traced by some researchers back to the rites of Bacchus in ancient Greece, and certainly the celebration resembles ..."
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Manufacturing, Investment and Financing, 2002.
Examines the evolution of the manufacturing sector and the development of financing and investment options that have accompanied this development.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by tracing the emergence of capitalism and the development of the division of labor, insurance and joint-stock companies as the scale of manufacturing expanded. Finally contemporary operations of investment banking as they relate to the manufacturing sector are examined.
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Decline of Manufacturing in the United Kingdom, 2006.
A review of the decline in England's manufacturing sector in the post-World War II economy.
1,104 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that although the United Kingdom's economy ranks among Western Europe's largest, its industrial sector employs only 18 percent of the workforce, and has experienced a steady decline since World War II. The paper examines several reasons for this decline. In conclusion, the paper shows that the English economy has moved from manufacturing to finance and new technology.
From the Paper
"Expansion in old industrial regions such as northeast England, south Wales and central Scotland, based on coal, steel, shipbuilding and mechanical engineering hinged on the imperial dominance of British manufacturing. The decline of the British Empire was reflected in collapse in these sectors and de-industrialization there as well. In the 1960s, decentralization from core regions of the British economy-the West Midlands and the southeast part of the nation, and large urban agglomerations-coincided with a large, growing investment by the government in UK based companies overseas. A new layer of economic growth was added as a result, but a layer that could not accommodate such growth. The result was growth being added to peripheral regions through branch plant operations of multinational corporations. These corporations were attracted by the prospect of good investment capital, regional policy and a plentiful labor reserve. This overlapped the declining heavy industrial complexes that were not able to cope with heightened international competition. In other words, existing manufacturing plants operating on home soil were being forced to compete with companies from other nations using the same soil for manufacturing. In the 1960s, manufacturing investment absorbed less than 4 GDP, a rate lower than all other European countries. Ministers in government, eager to achieve growth, were more prepared to expand growth and achieve higher demand found that the investors and population did not have the same enthusiasm."
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Trinidad Carnival, 2007.
This paper looks at the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival and how it reflects the history of these two islands.
2,564 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, which is celebrated the week before Ashe Wednesday every year and is among the largest and most popular in the world. The paper notes that, according to the Trinidad and Tobago official website, this annual event is unrivaled in the world. Rich in history and a reflection of its history, the Carnival continues to evolve to the present day. The paper points out that, as a symbol of freedom, and a celebration of freedom from slavery, the Trinidad and Tobago Carnivals are significant to the islands because they represent a celebration of freedom that is deeply rooted in the culture of the nation. However the Carnival is not merely a celebration but also an outlet for commentary on the important issues affecting Trinidad. The writer concludes that today, the Carnival is a subject of controversy, and that will not change in the future, as the Carnival's very inception celebrates freedom, while challenging the norms of its day.
From the Paper
"Racial tensions were still prevalent as the Carnival celebrators maintained as sense of their African heritage. A key event in 1881 illustrates the tension as a new commander, Captain Baker, took over the police force to be tougher on the celebrations. During the popular Canboulay celebrations which celebrated the burning of the canes on slave plantations which would unite slaves after they put out the fires, the Carnival celebrators carried torches through the streets against Baker's wishes. Rioters then clashed with police and despite the violence the Carnival continued. They then mocked the police in future celebrations as tensions between the authorities and those celebrating would continue throughout the 19th century. Ultimately, the Trinidad Carnival was influenced by its history as a slave plantation island and the social and racial tensions would contribute to the practice of Carnival. Even after emancipation, the issues of slavery and racism were still being expressed and celebrated and maintained a presence in Carnival parades and masquerades."
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Lean Manufacturing, 2004.
This paper discusses the concept called lean manufacturing, a manufacturing process that uses less of every resource, including material, time, and energy.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that lean manufacturing is a paradigm shift requiring that the organization be structured around the customer pull-value. The author points out that, since the early 1980s, manufacturers have moved away from the conventional Fordist push system of mass assembly line production toward a system of lean production. The paper relates that lean manufacturing is a more capable system of production than Fordism because lean manufacturing stresses quality and a quick reaction to market circumstances, using technologically advanced tools and an adaptable organization of the production process.
From the Paper
"Implementation of lean manufacturing consumes lots of time and it makes use of the concepts of effective plant layout, workplace organization, standardized work, customer demand-based manufacturing, quick changeover, one-piece flow, cellular manufacturing, batch reduction, teams, visual controls, quality at the source, point-of-use storage. Lean manufacturing also employs the contemporary essentials and technologies of scrap cutback, process enhancement in machining and tool selection over and above material selection, setting time reduction, Just-In-Time, Kaizan, top-notch manufacturing, synchronous manufacturing, and inventory management."
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Lean-Manufacturing in the Automobile Industry, 2002.
An in-depth study examining the transition in automobile manufacturing from a mass production approach to a lean manufacturing approach, due to the effects of globalization.
9,480 words (approx. 37.9 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 194.95
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Abstract
The context of the problem investigated in this study is the contemporary automobile manufacturing approach where the competitive environment is increasingly global in character. Each automobile manufacturing operation in a single country is, in effect, in direct competition with counterpart operations in every other country wherever automobile manufacturing occurs. The problem is examined in the context of an automobile assembly plant of the TBC Company. The on-rush of economic globalization persuaded all American automobile manufacturers that a completely new approach to manufacturing was required in place of the hodge-podge of mass production and Japanese khan bhan techniques that had developed. The result of this conclusion was the development of lean manufacturing. The problem investigated in this study involves the transition in manufacturing from a mass production approach to a lean manufacturing approach. The main characteristics of the problem addressed are (1) materials management, (2) engineering changes, (3) machine, equipment and facility readiness, (4) labor flexibility, (5) outsourcing, and (6) cycle-time management.
Table of Contents:
Problem Context and Characteristics
Literature Review, Best Practices and Focal Organization Characteristics
Research Design
Gap Analysis
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The greater choice of suppliers in international markets makes it possible to reduce costs and improve the quality of procured materials. In relation to production, the generation of economies of scale can be realized either through (1) the concentration of all production activities or through (2) the construction of a number of plants according to the needs of specialization. Production in decentralized plants can facilitate the attainment of several objectives, including (1) lower costs, (2) learning curve economies, (3) the establishment of a company in foreign markets, (4) the introduction of new products, and (5) technical leadership (Gulati, 1995)."
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Lean Manufacturing, 2004.
An analysis of the implementation of lean manufacturing as a cost-effective and time-efficient method of manufacturing.
3,870 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the implementation of lean manufacturing in a custom transducer manufacturing company. The paper explains that lean production emphasizes waste elimination. Lean manufacturing requires a disciplined form of production. Every component of the manufacturing process is analyzed repeatedly for flaws and defects.The paper claims that lean manufacturing is a difficult change to implement in an organization, and it takes great discipline from the management to the rank-and-file worker to obtain the positive results of this methodology.
From the Paper
"The age of customization in manufacturing has given way to mass production. While there were many benefits to mass production, there were some aspects of mass production that were less than desirable. One of the primary negative aspects of mass production was the inventory. Organizations had to maintain inventories in order to ensure continuous production. Inventory includes: raw materials, component parts, subassemblies, and finished goods, and the various products and supplies required in the production and distribution process. Inventory can be a liability as well as an asset: excessive, finished (goods) inventory requires large warehouses; many times, this is the first indication of bad decisions in the production and process stages."
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Just-in-Time (JIT) Manufacturing, 2004.
Examines how the Japanese JIT process is applied to the automobile industry.
1,828 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In our newly competitive global economy, manufacturers of all kinds have been forced to search for new opportunities that strategically reduce costs, yet still increase potential manufacturing revenues. The manufacturing of automobiles is just one such example of an industry adopting a new manufacturing process or philosophy in order to adjust to the global business environment, which has been fueled by the likes of foreign cheap labor, as well as all new emerging markets. The paper shows that, in the 1990s, reducing the labor force was the main corporate option, as layoffs, downsizing, and corporate re-structuring symbolized the approaches of companies attempting to produce quality outputs and cutting costs. Today, the manufacturing processes are working at bare-bones efficiency, so an all-new approach was required to meet the even higher quality demands of the consumers. Considering the likes of automobile manufacturers such as Ford Motor Company and General Motors, this paper shows that the automobile manufacturing industry began following the philosophies that were introduced by Toyota: Just-In-Time manufacturing. The philosophy of Just-In-Time inventory control was supposed to deliver new and far superior quality control methodologies, while at the same time creating much more efficient manufacturing processes. However, the Just-In-Time system or process approach has recently been referred to by many top executives as a management philosophy of doing business as opposed to being a technique for improving efficiency. This report, therefore, presents some insights into Just-In-Time manufacturing and also provides insight into some of the inherent difficulties associated with the Just-In-Time manufacturing process.
From the Paper
"The driving force of the Just-In-Time philosophy is the reduction of product defects. Manufacturers are well aware that with the internet and global television news, a single defect that is highly publicized could in affect destroy a producer's reputation. Thus, products today have the inherent need of being a completely defect-free which therefore entails that the manufacturing process of all components and parts must also be defect free."
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Acme Manufacturing Company, 2004.
This paper recommends strategies that should be taken by Acme Manufacturing Company, a drug manufacturing company.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that full-time employees may become more difficult to find as unemployment drops; therefore, Acme needs to explore all avenues for labor access, such as outsourcing. The author points out that the company should develop retention plans to retain existing employees because turnover is very expensive due to retraining costs. The paper states that the FDA issued guidance to the industry on the use of new quality-testing technologies, which Acme should consider.
From the Paper
"The FDA?s new initiative will focus oversight only on the plants and processes that are more at risk for errors that affect patient safety as opposed to older practices of scrutinizing all production steps. The FDA is also seeking to minimize the number of production changes requiring advance approval and is planning to let companies submit interim manufacturing specifications for drugs. All these efforts open the door for the pharmaceutical industry to bring their manufacturing techniques in line with best-of-class operations in other industries. Given the tremendous numbers of recalls and rework and waste, there are ample opportunities for process improvement. For example, the FDA reported 354 prescription-drug recalls in 2002, almost double 1998 numbers. Five to ten percent of medicine that?s produced has to be reworked or discarded compared to 0.0001 percent in the semiconductor industry."
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Evolution of Manufacturing, 2000.
An examination of the history and developments in the global manufacturing industry, focusing on the automation-based "agile manufacturing" technique.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The term "agile manufacturing" has recently been coined in the manufacturing industry. While it lacks a clear or formal definition (Maskell, 1994, p. 39), it is does embody the spirit of the changes, which are taking place in the global manufacturing industry today. In order for an organization to compete effectively in the world markets of today, more is required than just an implementation of new manufacturing techniques or the latest in Enterprise Requirements Planning (ERP) software such as PeopleSoft, SAP, or Oracle. Instead, the company must change its basic business processes and operations such that products, quality and service become second to none. Therefore, "agile manufacturing" represents not simply a set of techniques; rather, it represents a total, perhaps radical, changes in the way the ..."
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"Synchronous Manufacturing" by Umble and Srikanth, 1991.
This paper is a chapter by chapter review of the textbook "Synchronous Manufacturing: Principles for World Class Excellence" by Dr. M. Michael Umble and Dr. M. L. Srikanth on manufacturing environment, cost systems and innovations including Just-In-Time
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
""Synchronous Manufacturing: Principles for World Class Excellence" by Dr. M. Michael Umble and Dr. M. L. Srikanth provides students with aids to understanding the dynamic manufacturing environment. This 262 page text reviews traditional approaches to manufacturing, including cost systems, and recent innovations, such as Just-In-Time. An index and bibliography help the reader find information within the book, and refer the reader to additional sources. Each chapter ends with a summary and a series of review questions to help the reader reap the maximum benefit from the information contained in the chapter. This research provides a review of the book in the form of chapter summaries.
The authors begin their text with the suggestion that the United States is losing ground in world manufacturing. "
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Private vs. Public Sectors in the United States, 2002.
An informal survey of diversity in the workforce of the private and public sectors of America.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The following paper focuses on the way in which the public and private sectors differ as well as what their similarities are. In addition the writer provides examples, applications and implications of each sector and the diversity question. The writer concludes from the research that the public sector leads by example and the private sector often follows the public sectors lead. Thus, it is the writer?s opinion that the public sector has long since mandated the employment and the development of a diverse workforce.
From the Paper
?America is known throughout the world for its open arms regarding diversity. Each year countless immigrants flock to the shores of the nation to begin life anew in a place where they have heard they will receive unconditional acceptance. While it is true in many ways that America has one of the most diverse populations on earth it doesn?t mean there are never any issues when it comes to that diversity. Diversity in the private and public sector of America have different challenges presented as well as challenges that are decidedly similar. The private and public sector have been working on the diversity question for many years and while they run parallel in many ways, they are also walking their own lone path.?
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