| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "MANDATORY FOOD LABELING": |
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Mandatory Food Labeling, 2007.
This paper discusses food and drug regulation in America.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of food and drug regulation in America. The paper discusses how nutritionists and consumer advocates who support such legislation have their personal agendas involved. The paper examines the struggle over food labeling and shows how even something seemingly objective, like caloric content or freedom from artificial pesticides, can be subject to political influences.
From the Paper
"Concerns about food content and purity have a long history, not simply in America, but in the history of the world. To protect the health of the consumer, governments have long attempted to regulate what can or can not be added to food products. Food producers have often attempted to alter foods in an effort to obtain the same price for diluted and even dangerous goods. "For instance, water has often been added to wine, the cream skimmed from milk, and chalk added to bread" (Law, 2004). Mandatory, accurate food labeling attempts to solve the problem of asymmetric information, as producers often know more about product quality than consumers."
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Food Labeling, 2005.
An examination of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 201, on food labeling.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the historical events leading to the code of federal regulations on food labeling in the United States. The paper focuses on specific acts in history which address labeling as a way to protect health and safety. The paper further discusses changes in legislation that have led to the current laws. The paper examines the most significant issues related to labeling that are currently being considered, and draws conclusions based upon the research.
From the Paper
"The history of Federal regulations that concerned labeling in the United States began with the import and export of foods, and the concern of the American public that disease could easily be spread through foodstuffs that were not regulated, nor guaranteed safe. Through interpretation of early United States doctrines, (more specifically through the commerce clause in the Constitution) Congress has traditionally allowed states to regulate labeling of foods in order to provide some guarantee of safety to the consumer ("Food Labeling", 1992). Yet, by the 1800s Congress determined that the Federal government would control the labeling aspects of imported and exported products, and that states would be responsible for governing the labeling for products in-state, or to other states ("Food Labeling", 1992)."
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Food Labeling, 1997.
History of federal laws regulating food labeling from 1906-1990s. Looks at the role of FDA - its aims, effects, costs and responses of food industry & consumers.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 13 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Food Labeling
The United States has a long history of regulating the food industry. The government has a legitimate interest in regulating the labeling of food products. The health of the country's citizens is affected by the quality of the diet which those citizens eat. Regulation began as a means of insuring quality and safety, in the food supply. With that goal met, the government has begun to influence the eating preferences, of the general public, through education and by encouraging manufacturers to include information on the nutrition content of food items.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, in the year 1906, the Federal Food and Drugs Act and the Federal Meat Inspection Act were passed authorizing the federal government to regulate the.."
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Labeling Genetically Engineered Food, 2002.
An examination of the controversy surrounding the labelling of food products which have been genetically engineered.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper argues for the rights of consumers to know which food products they purchase have been genetically engineered. The writer first explains this concept and examines the potential health hazards that people are afraid of when buying such foods. It also looks at opinion of the food producer who is against such labeling due to unbiased fears amongst the consumer population. The paper also addresses the benefits of bio-engineering in certain fields which helps the production process of many food-groups.
From the Paper
"In the twenty-first century, with all the pressing issues at hand, there is bound to be controversy and disagreement. There are many important issues, which face the world today, issues like abortion, the death penalty, gun control, censorship, women in combat and even genetically engineered food. With all the modern scientific advances we are making now, especially in the United States there are positive effects as well as negative effects. Genetically engineered foods are very controversial because there are just as many experts who say they are safe as there are experts who say they are unsafe. In the United States about two thirds of all produce on supermarket shelves is genetically engineered; now the problem we, as a nation, face is awareness. Our most relevant issue is whether it should be required to label these unnatural, possibly unsafe foods. And, the answer is yes; the public has a right to know what they are eating and choose whether they want to eat genetically engineered foods, mainly produce."
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Labeling Children, 2004.
A literature review of the effects of labeling on the academic performance and experience of disabled youth.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines current research regarding labels in schools and discusses the effects of those labels on the academic performance of students. The paper debates the high incidence of uses of disability labels, such as learning disability, behavioral disorders, or attention deficit disorder. The paper presents critics of labeling who argue that the labels themselves have a negative impact on the academic performance of children with those labels. The paper also explores the views of proponents of labeling, noting that the labels are necessary to provide all children with the educational assistance they need.
From the Paper
"Those narrow groups do not identify specific abilities or disabilities, according to the researchers, but instead suggest specific treatment and intervention that is broad in topic. The result, they note, is often groups of children falling through the cracks in education, due to a failure to identify and assist in the areas the student truly needs. They continue to propose that, instead of broad labels, students? educations are tailored to fit their specific needs. In this way, the disabling effect of labels can be minimized, and students can do better, even when labeled (Levine & Swartz, 1995). Brody and Mills (1997) also found that expectations of teachers and peers in regards to disabled students played an important role in the development of those student?s abilities. Their study focused on those disabled students who are also gifted. The researchers noted that many children with special needs are rarely identified and are often not given the tools they need, either in their low-ability areas or in their high ability areas (Brody & Mills, 1997)."
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Genetically Engineered Foods, 2005.
A discussion on whether genetically engineered foods need clear labelling, the paper is specifically focused on the Canadian market.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the controversial issue of genetically modified foods - particularly as it exists within Canada. The paper discusses how. at present, no law exists to compel labeling indicating that a consumable product is genetically altered. The writer explores how there is a growing sense - and it has existed for nearly a decade in earnest - that such labeling should take place, as well as a more transparent testing process for biotech goods.
From the Paper
"In recent years, the furor sparked by the growing popularization of foods that are genetically engineered has led to calls for a serious re-assessment of how in-store products are labeled for consumers. As this paper is written, there are a multitude of everyday foods - cereals, baby food, even ice cream - which contain genetically modified ingredients which have not been tested for human or environmental safety. Quite simply, this is an affront to the right of Canadians to be protected from potentially harmful foodstuffs, and it is also an affront to the right of Canadians to be informed of what precisely they are purchasing for consumption."
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Labeling Deviant, 2006.
A discussion regarding labeling with specific focus on the label of deviant.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the labeling perspective stresses the ways that people are labeled and stigmatized, as well as the consequences this stigmatization has on people's identity and life experiences. This paper addresses how the labeling perspective applies to individuals labeled as hyperactive or those with ADHD/ADD.
From the Paper
"The earliest labeling theorists including Tannenbaum (1938) correctly assumed that in the process of labeling one, segregation occurs and individuals are outcast or singled out. Often as a result of this process people start engaging in the very negative behaviors people associate with the label they are provided. Lemert (1951) is among the first supporting a social reaction approach suggesting a difference exists between primary and secondary deviance. Lemert (1951) suggests that primary deviance occurs when someone doesn't view their behavior as deviant whereas secondary deviance involves an individual's acknowledgment of their status as a deviant. Primary deviance may arise from various causes, whereas secondary deviance typically arises as someone attempt to defend themselves from the attack or onslaught of others; it may further serve as a means through which someone protects or adapts to others reactions to their primary deviance or perceived negative behavior. "
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Labeling Theory, 2005.
An explanation and evaluation of labeling theory and an assessment of its contribution to our understanding of crime and control.
2,134 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at labeling theory, explaining its development from symbolic interactionism and the key precepts on which it is based. It covers concepts such as the assertion that an act is not inherently deviant but that deviance is socially constructed, how labels originate and are applied to people; primary and secondary deviance and the distinction made between them. It also discusses the effect of a person internalising a label and changing his self-image to accommodate the label, deviancy amplification spirals and positive feedback loops and moral panics. It then offers some evaluation of the labeling theory, discussing criticisms such as the need for subjectivity to fully understand crime, the relationship between determinism of positivist theories and the deviancy amplification spirals in labeling theory.
From the Paper
"Labelling theory developed from the ideas of symbolic interactionism, a perspective which assumes that social order is linked to social interaction and communication. Shared meanings, behavioural expectations and reflected appraisals (the way in which one perceives others' views of oneself) are applied to behaviour through interaction, and link individual conduct to organisational groups and social structures. A person's behaviour is influenced by others through the process of role-taking, whereby a person projects himself into another person's 'shoes' and appraises himself, the situation and possible lines of action, from the other's viewpoint. "
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Labeling Theory, 2007.
This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the labeling theory, as it relates to criminology.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the study of criminology, there are numerous theories that help explain, or attempt to explain, the cause of delinquency and criminal activity. The writer points out that while some focus on the role of society, the legal system, or parental control, others focus more on the individual, and the process by which individuals learn. The writer discusses that labeling theory, in contrast, is a combination of both theoretical concepts, in that the labeling theory attempts to explain how the learning process of individuals is influenced by the actions of society and the legal system. This paper focuses on the labeling theory and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this theory in real world applications of criminology.
From the Paper
"Lemert's theory differentiates between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is thought to be minor rule violations that are spontaneous and sporadic. Secondary deviance, on the other hand, is the behavior that results after social control agents react to the primary deviance. According to labeling theory, this secondary deviance is a direct result of the labels given to the rule breaker following the initial transgression. Because of labels attached to the individual and of the social reaction to the primary deviance, the individual is stigmatized, thereby creating a social identity stemming from deviance. Repeated negative definitions of the individual's identity result in negative self-labeling, and the individual begins to see themselves as a deviant. More recent additions to the labeling theory stress this factor in the formation of the criminal subculture, in that members labeled as deviant begin to join with other, similarly labeled individuals."
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Labeling and Criminology, 2004.
An analysis of the implications of labeling theory for the discipline of criminology and for policy-making purposes.
4,382 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of the implications of labeling theory, both for the discipline of criminology and for policymakers today and in the future. The paper contends that the fundamental assumption of labeling theory is that perceived negative societal reactions will inevitably lead to the development of negative self-conceptions and greater criminal involvement. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Labeling Theory
Implications for Criminologists
Implications for Policymakers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An increasingly common phrase being heard in America today is "Don't label me!" This reaction may be largely in response to the persistent and lingering aspects of a dangerous practice that has been proven time and again to be largely ineffective for criminal justice and policy-making purposes, but which does not seem to be going anywhere soon. According to Freilich, Raybeck and Savishinsky (1991), George Herbert Mead and his colleagues at the Chicago School were among the first sociologists to emphasize both social process and the role of individual perception in the construction of social life. "Their influence is reflected in a recent, major treatment of deviance, namely, labeling theory, which is largely the work of Howard Becker (1963), Albert Cohen, (1962), Edwin Lemert (1967) and others. In sum, labeling theory maintains that deviance is a social construct. Freilich et al. note, "The members of society decide what they mean by the term and then label individuals whose behavior is perceived as departing from accepted norms. The labelees, in turn, find themselves marginalized, prevented from engaging in certain forms of social participation, and encouraged to conceive of themselves as deviant" (20)."
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Mandatory Health Insurance in Oregon, 2007.
An analysis of Oregon's proposed mandatory health insurance policy.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of imposing mandatory health insurance laws on all citizens of the state of Oregon. The writer discusses the financial challenges such a law would impose on low income citizens and how these citizens, that lack the financial ability to pay for insurance, would, consequently, not be able to avoid violating a mandatory health insurance law. The paper concludes that even though the framers of mandatory health insurance do not seem to have placed much value in the potential impact of unforeseen unemployment and do not seem to have much regard for the guarantees provided under equal protection under the law, these factors are directly relevant and must be evaluated. This document appends some of the sources used in writing this paper.
Outline:
Impact/Effectiveness Analysis
Workability Analysis
Efficiency Analysis
From the Paper
"Oregon's proposed policy that would implement mandatory health insurance requires careful study and a three dimensions of feasibility analysis, primarily because several inherent provisions of this prospective law appear to be unworkable and unenforceable. A range of other potential problems exists, but a significant unforeseen problem is that criminalizing low income citizens for being unable to afford health insurance may be in conflict with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law."
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Labeling Theory, 2002.
This paper looks at the Nushawn Case and the Labeling Theory.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the Nushawn Williams case presented society with a new way to look at social deviance and behavioral, placing a particular emphasis on the labeling theory. The author illustrates how the Williams case in many ways supports the labeling theory, which has received its share of criticism over the last 20 years. This paper examines the labeling theory and also points to specific instances in the Williams case which support the theory.
From the Paper
"The labeling theory makes an attempt to explain deviant behavior by how the behavior is perceived by others and how once the deviant is perceived by others and treated as such, or labeled, they continue to behave in the way that is expected of them. Labeling often segregates the deviant from society, widens the gap between the deviant and any hope of living a normal life, and perpetuates an endless cycle of deviant behavior.
The story of Nushawn Williams, a 21-year-old who may have exposed more than 100 people to HIV, is a prime example of the labeling theory in action. In an in-depth article, Brent Gregax overviews the life of this young man leading up to his incarceration. One could argue that Williams was a victim of the labeling theory since the day he was born. According to Gegax, ?Williams? grandmother smokes crack. He has no idea who his father is. His mother has prostituted herself and even made his little sister turn tricks in front of their apartment in order to support her drug habit (Gegax,1)."
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Bullying and the Labeling Theory, 2007.
This paper discusses how the labeling theory can be applied to bullying in schools.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper defines bullying as an aggressive behavior that creates an imbalance of power between two or more participants. The paper examines the labeling theory which posits that people will become what they are believed to be. The paper explains that if programs can change the self-perception of those who would otherwise have become bullies, it will help reduce the incidence of bullying in schools.
Outline:
Introduction
Statistically
Bullying Defined
Labeling Theory
Putting it Together
Fixing the Problem
From the Paper
"With the recent tragedies at Virginia Tech University attention again turns to the recent rash of school shootings in America. Over the past several years schools throughout the nation have begun to implement security measures that used to be reserved for military areas, banks and other high profile locations. Today, schools are as vulnerable as anyplace else when it comes to violence and tragedy. Columbine was a shock to the nation as were the events in Arkansas, and more recently in Virginia. In each case of school shootings the person who did the shooting perceived themselves to be the victim. Whether it was true or not for him or her, at least in their mind they had been bullied and traumatized to the point they were willing to kill peers to stop the pain. While the average person would not react to being bullied, one with an already fragile emotional system might and has as news channels pipe scenes of SWAT teams racing onto school grounds again and again."
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Public Policy and Cigarette Labeling, 2004.
Uses John Kingdon?s model of public policy to trace the history of labeling the dangers of smoking on cigarette boxes.
2,183 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
When the dangers of smoking became public knowledge, the movement to have cigarettes labeled began. This paper traces the path that led to the creation of labels on cigarette packages through the study of John Kingdon?s model of public policy and shows that cigarette labeling is one of the most classic examples of Kingdon?s model in action. The paper shows that public pressure, the grass roots movements, and the window of opportunity all came together to make the government force tobacco companies to warn their own customers of the dangers in their product.
From the Paper
"When a group or an individual has the desire to garner government funds for a purpose they are in a race with many other groups or individuals who want the same thing for their cause. This creates a type of vacuum in which all of the ideas, and desires are jumbled together in one large area called lobbying. Lobbying is the path the group takes to gain both public and political support for their cause. Lobbying is done before the bill ever reaches voting stages and it is where most desires for government backing or funding die. For a group to be successful in their desire to get their concerns to the voting floor they must take advantage of the window that is created by things such as public awareness, litigation and other factors. When this window occurs, the iron is hot and it is the best time to strike according to the Kingdon model."
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Labeling Theory, 2003.
Presents an overview of the labeling theory.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper examines effects of labeling on secondary deviance. It examines specific linkages between labeling and rule-making as a means of defining behavior and the creation of secondary deviance. It also looks at the difference between primary and secondary deviance.
From the Paper
"Labeling and Secondary Deviance
Introduction
Deviance is very much a product of social rulemaking, rule enforcement, and policies regarding the consequence of enforcement (Goode, 2001). Though many theories of what causes deviance have been ..."
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