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Comparative Management: American and Japanese, 2001.
A comparative look at American and Japanese management practices.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the various management practices of the Americans and the Japanese. The author examines issues such as hiring, evaluation and promotion, decision-making and communication in these two cultures.
From the Paper
"Managerial reality is not an absolute; rather it is socially and culturally determined. Managers, of any nationality, do not make decisions in a vacuum. Much of the way in which managers think, behave and make decisions is influenced by countless factors determined by cultural background. Management styles tend to reflect cultural norms; those of society at large and the more specific culture of a particular organization."
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The American-Japanese Relationship, 2000.
This paper discusses the history, which led to the formation of the American-Japanese alliance, the partnership itself in terms of its socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical dimensions and the prospects for the future.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the kind of partnership, which was forged between these two nations following Japan's defeat in the Second World War, is unprecedented, an unlikely alliance between conqueror and conquered, an unequal alliance that places both parties in a position of advantage. The author points out that a major social factor influencing American-Japanese relations is the sense of insecurity and vulnerability, which the Japanese have, being subject to earthquakes, typhoons, tidal waves and the possibility of domination by nations with greater military strength; whereas, to the Japanese, the high degree of self-confidence displayed by Americans comes across as being "mindless arrogance". The paper relates that the Japan's phenomenal economic growth in the span of a single generation, owing largely to its 1960 "income-doubling program", has raised serious problems for the American-Japanese relationship, especially since it was paralleled by a slow decline in the American economy up until the 1980s.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Overview
Social and Cultural Dimensions
Economic Dimensions
Geopolitical Dimensions
Conclusion: The Future of U.S.-Japanese Relations
From the Paper
"U.S.-Japanese relations date back to the middle of the nineteenth century, when, in 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay and opened up Japan to trade with the West. The U.S.-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce, signed in 1857, not only gave the United States an immediate advantage over its Western competitors, but also had the profound effect of re-instating the Japanese Emperor and launching Japan on the road to modernization. A more serious consequence, however, was Japan's emerging imperialist ambitions, which were early demonstrated in its launching of the Sino-Japanese War (1895-1895) with its resultant acquisition of Taiwan as well as in its success in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and subsequent annexation of Korea (1910) and Manchuria (1931). "
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The Americanization of Japanese Culture, 2002.
Examines four different aspects of the Japanese culture to explain the process of "Americanization" of Japanese culture.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The following paper is an analysis on the 'Americanization' of Japanese culture. Four distinct areas of culture will be analyzed, and in turn, some general analysis will be presented in terms of assigning the causes for this trend. In particular, focus will be given toward understanding how this process must be understood with the 'transformation of identity' that had been taking place in this context.
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Identity Denial and the Canadian and American Japanese, 2008.
A discussion of the phenomenon of identity denial directed at Canadian and American Japanese.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines prejudice attitudes towards Japaneses Canadians and Americans. It claims that they often report experiencing estrangement and 'identity denial' by their fellow citizens. The paper draws upon history and literature to illustrate this phenomenon. It discusses the Japanese internment in the US during WWII, Sapna Cheryan and Benoit Monin's article "Where are You Really From? - Asian Americans and Identity Denial", and Joy Kogawa's novel "Obasan".
From the Paper
"Prejudice may still exist in Canada concerning people of Japanese descent, along with occasional prejudice faced by all newer communities, as may be part of the human process of resettlement, as in Irish immigrants or yore to face considerable ostracism as did members of some Eastern European communities. Early arrivals from China certainly faced ostracism and in central Canada report that they no longer feel a 'visible' minority, the community having developed over time its place in the mainstream, distinction remaining between persons of Chinese origin long established in Canada or those seen as recent arrivals. The point made is that some differentiation or exclusion may be part of the way of the world, more than overt racism, significant only if it produces direct abuse as opposed to exclusion. Then again Kogawa refers to a British Columbia where anti-Japanese and just anti-East Asian racism does seem to have been in place. World War II and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour had pitched feeling against a visible and concentrated community that was not well known to others and suspected of pro-Japanese sympathies. The day was one of racialist thought too, distinct from racism, and lingering belief in a 'yellow peril' resulting from unregulated Asian immigration. Films, hearsay and ordinary ignorance encouraged a generalizing of Asian peoples as though all engaged in secret society activities, in a Fu Manchu motif carried from people of one origin to another."
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Culture of American and Japanese Youth, 2002.
This paper looks into the ways in which youths are influenced by culture. The writer asserts that the level of influence differs greatly between Japanese and American adolescents.
842 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
Culture gives or teaches a person the acceptable behavior patterns, influences a society's arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. The writer uses this definition of culture in asserting that Japanese youth have a strong sense of culture passed down through ancient ritual and respect for elders. The paper further proves that American youth do not have this strong tie to the past.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Youth and Universal Phenomena
Peer Group Identification
Identity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A study was conducted in which high school ages youth were asked to rank probable professions and there level of prestige. When the questionnaire was first done, they were identical; the question written in English, then translated into Japanese. The researchers found that in this area, cultural aspects played an important role. Most of the Americanized questions were misunderstood or not relevant to the Japanese youth. The questionnaires had to be redone in order to conduct the survey (Ramsey and Smith 476). However, once the questionnaires were properly done, the two groups showed striking similarities, the top five of each set of youth sharing four of the same occupations. The four shared were College Professor, Medical Doctor, Lawyer, and Corporate Executive, all have high pay and social status in common (Ibid 477)."
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Japanese Management, 1990.
This paper discusses the character of Japanese business management, its strengths and weaknesses and compares it with American management evaluating lessons that American business can learn from the Japanese system.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"This is a study of the character of Japanese business management, its strengths and weaknesses, how it compares with American management, and what lessons (if any) American business can learn from the Japanese system and experience of management. It will be argued that important lessons can indeed be learned from the Japanese, but that these are limited in many respects by fundamental differences of cultural values between the two societies.
In the 1980s, two independent but disturbing trends caught the attention of students of American business management and of the American public at large. One was purely domestic: evidence that American business was not performing as well as it had in the past. National economic growth was sluggish, and managers seemed more interested in short.term financial manipulations than ... "
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Japanese Management, 1996.
Critical comparison of 1973 & 1983 books on British & Japanese management philosophies & practices. "British Factory-Japanese Factory" by Robert Dore & "Under Japanese Management" by M. White & M. Trevor.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 2 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Much has been written during the 1980s about Japanese management and how the techniques employed by the Japanese have ramifications and applications to management throughout the world. Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management and Total Quality Management (TQM) have both gained popularity in the United States and United Kingdom, as well as other regions, and their roots can be traced to Japan. However, management analysts have been interested in Japanese management techniques for a number of years prior to the recent wave of attention focused on Japanese management, and some researchers were conducting studies on factories in Japan and comparing their management styles to factories in the United Kingdom. This research examines two such works, written ten years apart, which studied Japanese factories and used the findings to..."
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Japanese American Women, 2002.
A study of Japanese American women at the beginning of Japanese immigration to the U.S.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores immigration and new life in America for Japanese American women during the earliest years of Japanese immigration. Issues studied are the family, and attitudes of and effects on the women.
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Japanese and American Business Dealings, 2008.
An analysis of the different emphasis placed on business dealings between American and Japanese businessmen.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different approaches and focuses of American and Japanese businessmen during business negotiations. It particularly explores the emphasis the Japanese place upon fostering "harmony" in business dealings and how they perceive the business meeting between two sides as not a time for further negotiation, but as an opportunity for both sides to express their commitment to the deal brokered. It then discusses how these different focuses can affect business relations between the two parties.
From the Paper
"To close, the preceding several pages have outlined how it may be possible for an American firm to negotiate in good faith with a Japanese company, secure valued concessions - and, ultimately, lose the deal or the cherished business relationship. Quite simply, the Japanese view business meetings and business arrangements in a way that is markedly different from the way Americans view them, and any U.S. firm which places bottom-line considerations before the building of personal and professional relationships is setting itself up for failure."
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Japanese Style Management, 2002.
This paper discusses Japanese style management and how it has helped to make Japanese firms successful.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Japanese style management and how it has helped to make Japanese firms successful. The contribution of this style and its different factors are addressed in looking at Japan's big picture. This paper also addresses the difficulties involved in American firms attempting to copy some of traits of the Japanese style management.
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Japanese Management Practices, 1992.
An argument that in order to achieve some degree of Japan's success, and due to the extent of Japanese investment in America, US managers are attempting to emulate Japanese management styles to the greatest possible degree.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The Japanese industrial expansion since World War II has been considerable and has been noted by other industrialized nations around the world. Japan began from a position far behind the West, with her infrastructure devastated, and since has achieved a position of economic preeminence, challenging the United States and other industrialized nations for world leadership in innovation and industrial production, especially in high-tech industries of great import on the international scene today and into the future. The U.S. has recently started giving Japan greater attention in order to discern the management styles used in Japan and to emulate them to the greatest degree possible, and..."
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U.S. and Japanese Management, 2002.
A comparison of the U.S. and Japanese management philosophies.
2,458 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Japanese management philosophy has changed drastically in recent years due to a declining economy and rapidly changing technological advances. It looks at how ideals such as lifetime employment and seniority based pay systems have all but disappeared in Japan. It demonstrates how the new management philosophies are modeled somewhat after U.S. human resource principles such as pay based on performance. It also examines how the U.S. in turn, has also re-structured some of it?s management practices to reflect Japanese ideals of total quality management and efficiency.
Outline
Introduction
State of the Economy
Lifetime Employment in Japan
Seniority Based Promotions
Union Memberships
Japan vs. U.S.
Quality Control
Productivity and Efficiency
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many theorists have claimed that the changes occurring in the Japanese management system are making the management more Western in nature, more reminiscent of U.S. styles of management. In some respects this idea is true. Human resource policies in Japan encouraging performance based pay structure are very similar to ideals adopted by many U.S. business entities (Ornatowski, 106). The major changes occurring in Japan are related more to seniority based pay and wages, as well as consensus management decision making than lifelong employment philosophies. It is true that thousands of ?lifelong? employees have been displaced due to harsh economic times. It is important to remember however, that not all employees in Japan are lifelong employees, and only key or ?core? employees."
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Japanese Management Practices, 2002.
A literature review of current Japanese management practices.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in recent years, Japanese management techniques have been considered one of the key factors accounting for the success of business. It examines how this has led to a great deal of comment and analysis in the academic literature, much of it devoted to what Western nations can learn from the Japanese. It shows that the conclusion to be drawn from studying and analyzing the literature is that there can be adaptive strategies arising from a series of historical events to produce a variant of managerial capitalism. In this managerial capitalism, management is, in effect, freed of all the major constraints to its actions--shareholders, trade unions, domestic speculators and others.
From the Paper
"Haitani (1990) saw more danger than most observers in the Japanese concept of groupism. His article looks at the negative side of Japan's group-oriented value system that has also brought high labor productivity, product quality, and a long-term management outlook. Haitani does not criticize those results. Instead, he sees danger in three areas: "(1) the closed nature of the Japanese market; (2) the difficulty of taking really effective measures for reducing the frictions; and (3) the emerging problem of Japanese firms' inability to integrate foreign managerial employees into their corporate hierarchies" (Haitani, 1990, 240)."
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U.S. and Japanese Management Styles, 2005.
This paper compares U. S. and Japanese management styles.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are major differences between U.S. and Japanese management styles. The author points out these differing concepts of correct management practices. The paper describes the vast cultural influence on management style in especially in negotiations.
From the Paper
"According to Tolich Kenney and Biggart, American sand Japanese conceive of management very differently and have strikingly different conceptions of themselves as managers and of correct management practice. The impact of cultural influence on management styles cannot be underestimated in today's global business environment and an increasing number of multinational operations in the U .S. owned by the Japanese. This analysis will compare and contrast differences in U. S. and Japanese management styles. There are a number of cultural factors."
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Japanese Management, 2004.
A discussion on whether there is a fundamental change transformation taking place in Japanese management.
2,884 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper Looks at how traditionally, a Japanese company is seen as a provider of welfare and security, where often loyalty to the company even surpasses the family bond. It shows how lifetime employment is a very common and distinctive feature in Japanese employment practices. It explores whether Japanese management practices are undergoing a fundamental change and if so, to what extent. The reasons for these possible changes are investigated and concluded. Factors such as freeters, part-timers and women at work are also analyzed with research findings to support the discussion.
From the Paper
"Although the majority of large companies wish to retain lifetime employment there are many critics of the system, who argue that it is too rigid in today?s dynamic marketplace. Hirakubo, (1999) argues that for companies to survive it is essential that they are more flexible and less bound to the traditional Japanese management style of lifetime employment. He argues that if Japan cannot develop a more fluid job market and flexible management style, firms will continue to suffer. Nikkeiren also comments that the rigid methods of employment traditionally used in Japan, i.e. lifetime employment cannot respond to the socio-economic changes taking place. He argues that more dynamic and elastic structures should be set up to allow flexible responses to the changing economic and business conditions."
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