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Malaysia?s Foreign Policy Under Mahathir, 2005.
Examines Mahathir Mohammed's impact on Malaysia's foreign policy.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The post World War II period has seen the world work increasingly towards respecting the territorial sovereignty of nations. Although, admittedly, geopolitical tensions, culture and religion continue to be divisive issues in pockets, the arena of international relations has shifted its focus from geographical balance of power concepts to global economic power. It is in the light of this background that Mahathir Mohammed's ambitions to establish Malaysia as a strong political and economic middle order in the world begins to assume significance. Indeed, as this paper demonstrates, it can be argued that Malaysia's foreign policy under Mahathir was one of strategic brilliance since it succeeded in building Malaysia as a political and economic force in South East Asia that could not be taken lightly. More important, if the core concern of any foreign policy is to safeguard the national interest, it can be said that Malaysia's foreign policy under the Mahathir administration succeeded in achieving this admirably, by emphasizing on the substantive, economic results of relations, while simultaneously protecting Malaysia's identity as an independent nation.
From the Paper
"Mahathir harnessed the Islam element in his foreign policy to meet several objectives. One, it helped his administration co-opt the rhetoric of its Islamic opponents. Two, by re-prioritizing Malaysia's links with Muslim countries, Malaysia was able to not only establish a distinct national identity for itself, it was able to assert its desire and will to the West that it would seek its own growth path. This is in stark contrast with other developing nations who grew much too reliant on Western foreign aid and were, therefore, influenced by Western interests. Three, the assertion of Malaysia's religious identity complemented Mahathir's vision of a south-south co-operation against the dominance of the North, namely, the United States and Europe. Four, although trade figures do not reflect that Malaysia achieved its goal of increased trade and economic integration with the Middle East and other Muslim countries, it did benefit significantly from its relationships with Islamic countries in terms of aid, and as sources for external loans for its development projects."
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State-Led Development vs. Foreign Investment, 2008.
Examines if Third World states should pursue economic development through state-led development or through foreign investments as in the cases of Malaysia and Uganda.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Third World states should pursue state-led economic development over development achieved through foreign investment. The paper states that Third World states that are indebted to other states and organizations will be susceptible to conditional loans and to the withholding of needed aid. The paper relates that countries that insist upon state-led development instead of upon foreign aid/investment are in a better-position to maintain appropriate working standards for domestic workers and to distribute resources to indigenous sectors that will spark economic growth and diversification. The paper then compares Malaysia, a country that tries to avoid reliance upon foreign investment to Uganda, a nation that is heavily dependent upon foreign investment. The paper concludes that Malaysia's approach works better.
From the Paper
"Supporters of foreign investment as a tool for national economic development may be in the minority, but they keep returning to the fact that struggling countries in need of funds have little recourse but to turn to international lending bodies for assistance. They point to the fact that the IMF sanctioned a much-needed three-year, low-interest Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility worth nearly $180 million in Special Drawing Rights for Uganda. The World Bank, in the period 1989-90, also approved additional supplements totaling nearly $300 million."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the role that foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economic growth of developing nations in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing economies cannot be overstated. The author presents Malaysia as a single case example. The paper relates that Malaysia is a nation, which has been troubled by currency and image problems but continues to compete for FDI that signify the potential for economic growth.
From the Paper
"The importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing economies cannot be overstated. FDI has the incredible power to affect the national economy of a developing (and even of developed) nation either for domestic good or ill. In recent years, this has been shown to be particularly true within the context of Southeast Asia, where quite a lot of FDI has flowed since the early 1990s. In some cases, this has been a positive force for economic growth, contributing to the long-term stability of the host nation."
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China Market-Foreign Exchange Rate, 2006.
A look at how China uses its foreign exchange rate to make it difficult for foreign goods and imports to penetrate the Chinese market while simultaneously encouraging foreign investment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This research examines the supposition that China utilizes its foreign exchange rate to erect an effective barrier to foreign imports of goods and services while it encourages foreign direct investment. The strategy China employs to expand its export market and minimize its import market is simple but effective and not as blatantly antagonistic as an outright tariff on imports or imposition of quotas on imported goods.
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The Legality of Foreign Judgements, 2004.
An analysis of sections 13 and 14 of the 1900 Indian Civil Procedure Code.
3,697 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper studies the binding nature of the foreign judgments i.e. judgments given by the courts in foreign countries and the scope and object of section 13 of the Indian Civil Procedure Code. It also describes project describes the conditions under which the judgments given by any foreign court creates the rule of estoppel or res judicata.
Outline
Nature and Scope of Sec. 13, C.P.C.
Jurisdiction to Foreign Courts
Binding Nature of Foreign Judgments: Principles
Foreign Judgment Not By a Competent Court
Foreign Judgment Not on Merits
Foreign Judgment Against International or Indian Law
Foreign Judgments Opposed to Natural Justice
Foreign Judgment Obtained By Fraud
Foreign Judgment Founded on Breach of Indian Law
Presumption as to Foreign Judgments: Section 14
Submission to Jurisdiction of Foreign Court
Conclusiveness of Foreign Judgment
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Foreign Awards
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Explaining the nature of fraud, de Grey, C.J. stated that though a judgment would be res judicata and not impeachable from within, it might be impeachable from without. In other words, though it is not permissible to show that the court was "mistaken", it might be shown that it was "misled". There is an essential distinction between mistake and trickery. The clear implication of the distinction is that an action to set aside a judgment cannot be brought on the ground that it has been wrongly decided, namely, that on the merits, the decision was one which should not have been rendered, but it can be set aside if the court was imposed upon or tricked into giving the judgment."
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Starbucks and the Move into Malaysia, 2002.
An overview of the necessary knowledge for Human Resources personnel in reference to Starbucks' expansion into Malaysia.
6,818 words (approx. 27.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
The writer explains the background policies of Starbucks when entering Asian markets, showing how this complies with Starbucks' mission statement. The paper details the prospect of entering the Asian market with reference to economics, the market, religion, political stability, and other details which foreign investors need to be aware of. In conclusion, the writer describes the basic plan for entry into the Malaysian market and briefly discusses some problems that were encountered in doing so, and the solutions that were decided on.
Table of Contents:
Mission Statement
Our Operation
Malaysia - A Prospect in Capsule Form
- The Economic Base
- Consumer Market
- Political Stability
- Religion and Ethnicity in Relation to Politics and Marketing
- Foreign Operations and Business Practices
- Malaysia's Financial Strength and Prospects
- Indicators for Our Success in Malaysia
- Malaysia Banking Service
- Telecommunications
- Other Background Notes from U.S. Agencies Affecting the Plan
- The Plan and Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The last ten years of fast growth, a factor we recognized early on, has created and increasingly wealthy Malaysian middle class, and more progress has been made in reducing poverty than in several Asian countries. This factor is likewise in our favor where Starbuck's expansion program is concerned.
"Demand for Western commodities were high until the recent Ringitt devaluation, but will certainly decrease for a couple of years. The government encouragement to buy Malaysian is another motivating factor for Starbuck's expansion into the country with our planned new facilities. As the SBI teams shall be hiring, training, integrating and blending Malays we shall very quickly become known more as a local rather than international presence in our expansion areas.
"Moreover, Malaysians are very brand and "prestige," conscious, and often base purchasing decisions on information from close associates and family. Special deals free gifts, and discounts - the deeper the better - also have some measure of success in marketing campaigns. Our recent historical research bears out this aspect of the typical Malaysian customers we seek and therefore contribute heavily toward the need for this expansion into this nation."
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The Foreign Policy of France, 2008.
An analysis of French foreign policy over the past ten years and a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years.
1,828 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper is written from the perspective of a senior analyst in the National Interests and Foreign Policies Group. It provides a foreign policy analysis and evaluation which focuses on French foreign policy over the past ten years. It also provides a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years. The paper examines the attitudes of other member countries and international organizations towards French foreign policy.
From the Paper
"Because of deteriorating relations between the United States and Muslim governments throughout the Middle East, France and other European powers such as Germany and Russia are recognizing that they must demonstrate leadership in the international community and make every effort to pursue diplomatic solutions. According to my analysis, Democratic control of the U. S. Congress, and recent calls by American leaders for a diplomacy and political solutions are providing France with an opportunity to take the initiative and play a leading international role in brokering peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, and some form of ceasefire in Iraq."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy in Latin America.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the U.S. foreign policy towards Middle Eastern and Latin American countries before 9/11 and post 9/11. The foreign policy is analyzed, its inherent problems are highlighted, and a comparison of U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America is made.
From the Paper
"With all eyes turned toward Iraq and the Middle East, South America rarely makes the headlines in the United States. Except for perhaps tighter controls and security on U.S. borders and waterways since September 11th , it seems Latin foreign policies are not top priorities for Washington. However, recent events in October in Bolivia led to ?a massive mobilization of Indians and peasants?military crackdowns that left as many as 70 people dead?and led to the demise of the conservative Gonzalo S?nchez de Lozada government on Oct."
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Politics and U.S. Foreign Aid Decisions, 2002.
An examination of the foreign policies of the Bush administration and how they determine foreign aid decisions.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
As fiscal year 2004 budget proposals are clogging up the legislative hopper, this paper reviews the Bush administration's foreign aid policies and payouts. It looks at how Bush?s conservative political philosophy effects foreign aid and why it is nearly impossible to reach an approximate figure on total U.S. foreign aid disbursements.
From the Paper
"To begin with, how much does the U.S. spend on foreign aid? According to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB, 2002), the U.S. government poured some $23 billion into international assistance programs of one kind or another last year. Of that, $9.9 billion was ?official development assistance? to foreign nations; $12.7 billion went for ?other government assistance? to foreign nations. But those numbers do not reflect the $9.3 billion that it costs to run the U.S. Department of State (which interacts with foreign governments at many levels), nor do the numbers include the billions in secret military hardware and technologies given to nations ?friendly? to the U.S. by the Bush Administration. After all, when it comes to definitions, foreign ?aid? is foreign aid whether it is rice, milk, medical supplies, equipment for drilling wells for fresh water in Africa munitions for the Columbian government to do battle with drug lords, or millions to oil drilling companies to restart Iraqi energy facilities."
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Foreign Direct Investment.
This paper discusses the major costs and benefits for host countries of foreign direct investment.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that foreign direct investment includes equity investment, both wholly foreign-owned and joint venture investment; contractual investment, including contractual joint ventures and oil exploration ventures; and other forms of activities, such as compensation trade, processing and assembling arrangements, and international leasing. The author points out that the purpose of foreign direct investment is to boost the economies of the host nation while providing the foreign nation with a means of investment, which is both lucrative and efficient, allowing countries to share ideas, increasing awareness of foreign markets, and developing valuable business skills. The paper relates problems involved in assessing the impact of inward investment on any individual host nation and states that the main reasons for such problems are strict labor, product, and market rules.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Foreign Direct Investment
Cost and Benefits Associated with Foreign Direct Investment
The Stability of Foreign Direct Investment
Benefit
Costs
Stimulation of National Economy
Benefits
Costs
Development of Infrastructure and Shared Technology
Benefits
Costs
Crowding In and Crowding Out
Benefits
Costs
Assessing the Impact of Inward Investment on Any Individual Host Nation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the transfer of technology can be beneficial to the economy of the host country, it can also be detrimental if the businesses in the host country or the culture of the host country are not prepared to deal with these new technologies. The Earth Summit report explains that the technology that foreign firms utilize may be inappropriate for the local needs of the host country. These technologies may also require a great deal of investment capital and negatively affect small businesses because they will not be able to adapt to the changing technological climate. In addition, the external changes that may occur may not be an improvement over the already existing approaches."
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Game Theory and Foreign Policy, 2003.
Examines the importance of game theory in analyzing foreign policy decision-making and outcomes and its compatibility with other foreign policy models and systems.
2,869 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
Game theory is the use of mathematical models to predict the outcome of a dispute or interaction between two or more independent actors. It has been applied in a wide range of contexts, including gambling, business and international relations. This essay examines the importance of game theory when analysing the foreign policy decision-making process. It argues that while simple games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma may not illuminate the process on their own, more complex models can offer a systemic device by which foreign policy can be analyzed more accurately.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most widely recognised game is the Prisoner's Dilemma, which examines the choices faced by two people arrested for the same crime, and observes the likelihood that they would both accuse the other one, and thus both go to jail. When used in foreign policy analysis, it is often used to describe the nature of arms races, or the possibility of nuclear fallout. This is a non-zero-sum game, a game where it is possible for both players to lose, or to win (as opposed to a zero-sum game, where one actor's gain is always equal to another actor's loss)."
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Is U.S. Foreign Policy Moral?, 2008.
This paper discusses whether considerations of morality have a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy.
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at America's past foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union and Communism. The paper also discusses the war against terrorism today and reveals that the true incentive behind the war in Iraq may have been financial, although there were moral victories attained as a result. The paper concludes that while morality should certainly have a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy, in recent years, the financial goals of the United States seem to outweigh the altruistic ones.
Outline:
Introduction
The Past and U.S. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy and Communism
Morality, Foreign Policy, and Terrorism
Moral Victories May be the Outcome of Financial Gain
Conclusion
From the Paper
"United States foreign policy has always been about political relationships for financial gain combined with moral idealism (Fox 2000). Therefore, morality has played a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy, and should continue to do so. Whether this "morality" is genuine is questionable, and lately the U.S. has appeared to many to be the equivalent of a greedy bully, seeking financial benefits with no care for assisting the impoverished, oppressed, and/or those who may benefit from a morality driven U.S. foreign policy. These U.S. foreign endeavors are done under the guise of morality, which often result in more harm than good for the citizens of nations that such U.S. foreign policy is choosing to target, which is immoral in its very nature."
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U.S. Foreign Policy During the Vietnam War, 2000.
A look at how pre-Vietnam War U.S .foreign policy had strong links to the foreign policy in the Vietnam War.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American foreign policy before Vietnam and foreign policy in Vietnam, and shows how a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades.
From the Paper
"Though the foreign policies decisions that were instrumental in the Vietnam War were different from the policies that supported other international actions during the 20th century, including World War II and the Korean War, a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades. One of the most significant influencing factors in the policy developments of the Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations was the perceived threat of communism and the necessity of action to prevent its spread. This factor had been present in the development of foreign policy since before the First World War, and led to the perception of the necessity of force to stomp out its proliferation."
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Terrorism: Why Do So Many Foreigners Dislike the U.S. ?, 2002.
A paper which examines the reasons why foreign countries and their people dislike America and its foreign policies, yet reject the September 11 attacks.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the reasons why many foreigners dislike the U.S for the foreign policy it carries. Topics that are discussed are America's support of Israel, repressive regimes, and its support of U.N sanctions on Iraq.
From the Paper
"U.S support of Israel is undoubtedly the most influential factor in the dislike of America. Israel declared its independence in 1949 and it has since been involved in five wars with neighboring states. Israel plays a crucial role in the Middle East due to its strategic location amongst many of the world?s Arab nations. The U.S has been a major supporter of Israel since Harry Truman recognized it as a sovereign country in May 1948. It is quite obvious why U.S foreign policy has always favored Israel. Factors such as long-standing congressional support for Israel, the clout of the pro-Israel lobby as well as guilt over turning away Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany have caused the U.S to form a strong relationship with Israel."
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Russian Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares Russian foreign policy from the period 1950 to mid-1980 to the foreign policy of Russia from 1985 to the present.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the difference in Russian foreign policy between the periods of 1950 to 1985 and 1985 to the present. The paper explores the Cold War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the dynamics of Russia today, as well as how these factors influenced foreign policy.
From the Paper
"From an early age, Russia has always been different than its European counterparts. The geographical aspect of the country, especially, lends to its inherent differences. Located in the barren North of both Europe and Asia, Russia has always been faced with geographical and cultural barriers. These differences were accentuated in the early 20th century when Lenin and the Communist party overthrew the ruling Czar?a move that would change the political landscape of the country for almost a decade to come."
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