| Papers [1-13] of 13 | Search results on "MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE": |
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Magnesium Chloride, 2004.
A discussion of the pros and cons of the use of magnesium chloride as a de-icing agent.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how magnesium chloride has become the de-icer of choice in snowy regions such as Colorado and how supporters of the product claim that magnesium chloride is an environmentally safer option for de-icing than some of its predecessors, namely, sodium chloride. It examines how the use of magnesium chloride in liquid and modified cold-pressed form has been shown to be highly effective as a tool for de-icing in Colorado. It also looks at how supporters of the use of magnesium chloride in Colorado have stated that the de-icer has proven beneficial to the environment, while others claim the use of magnesium chloride has been shown to possibly increase electrical outages and pole fires, as well as corrosion.
From the Paper
"Another environmental issue facing Coloradoans resulting from the use of magnesium chloride is corrosion. The use of sodium chloride or rock salt in the past presented a much greater problem in this respect. Magnesium chloride however, is also by nature corrosive; however proponents of its use point out those chemical agents are added to it to minimize the corrosive effects (Pavek, 2002). Highway departments in the state of Colorado have noticed that the use of magnesium chloride as a de-icer has reduced much of the major corrosion on trucks and equipment, as well as steel enforced bridges compared to sodium chloride (Pavek, 2002). However, some reports are also indicating that aluminum components and electrical components in their vehicles are actually showing increased evidence of corrosion at a more rapid rate (Pavek, 2002)."
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Consequence of Magnesium Chloride on Wound Closure, 2008.
An experiment carried out to determine how Plantaria behaves when cut.
1,719 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper describes an experiment designed to determine the fate of Planaria that had been cut in half, while immersed in varying concentrations of MgCl, as Magnesium has been shown to relax smooth muscles, inhibiting wound closure. The experiment had fatal results for the Planaria that were in the two highest concentrations of MgCl. It should also be noted that the experiment had to be halted after just five days, due to another student mishandling and spilling the Planaria. The data gathered leading up to the halt of the experiment showed that Planaria which are in the highest concentrations (provided that the concentration is not high enough to be fatal) of MgCl will have the slowest rate of regeneration and wound closure.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials & Methods
Results
From the Paper
"The class of Turbellaria contains the phylum Platyhelminthes, and the family Planariidae to which Planaria belong to. Planaria are free-living flat worms that can be found in marine, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. The planarian has very simple organ systems. It consists of a small brain, perceptual organs and digestive system that comprises of a mouth, pharynx, and an intestine (Pitt-Bradford, 2002). However, it is a planarian's morphogenesis that can be mysterious and is of interest. Planaria have highly robust regeneration systems with the ability to re-grow lost body parts (Brooks and Rodney, 1999). When part of its body is excised, each piece of the part has the ability to regenerate itself (Reddien and Alvarado, 2004). During regeneration, muscle contractions in the Planaria close the wound, followed by the spreading of epithelial cells. Regeneration in planarians depends on a population of adult stem cells called neoblasts that have the potential to turn into any type of planarian cell (Reddien et al, 2005). By studying this process, one can expand their scientific knowledge and perhaps develop ways of helping out other people and animals that have lost their limbs by finding a way of having their body regenerate the missing appendage back."
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The Regeneration of Planaria, 2008.
This paper describes an experiment where transected planaria were exposed to 0.05%, 0.01% and 0.001% magnesium chloride (MgCl) concentrations.
1,418 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that magnesium chloride (MgCl) plays a role in wound closure of flatworms, so it was hypothesised that the higher concentrations of MgCl would decelerate the healing process, preventing the two planaria head halves from reattaching and thereby leading to the generation of two complete heads. The paper discusses the results and relates the purpose of the experiment that is to help people recover lost limbs and regenerate nervous tissue.
Outline:
Materials & Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"Planaria are free-living flatworms that can be found in marine, aquatic, and terrestrial environments [1]. The planarian is a member of the phylum Platyhelminthes, and class Turbelleria which is known for having simple organ systems. It consists of a small brain, perceptual organs and digestive system that comprises of a mouth, pharynx, and an intestine [2]. Planaria are known for having a highly robust regeneration system [3]. When part of its body is transected, each piece (as little as 50mm3) of that part has the ability to regenerate itself [4,5]."
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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), 2005.
An analysis of the chemistry make-up of PVC and the controversies surrounding the health and environmental effects of the chemical.
2,296 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), a very strong and rigid plastic, which is found in a wide range of consumer products, such as packaging and plastic wrap. In particular, it looks at how PVC presents an array of problems from its production to its disposal.
Outline
History
Structure and Properties
Production
Health and Environmental Hazards
Alternatives to PVC
From the Paper
"It has been claimed by many groups that PVC is damaging to peoples health. This is especially true in the production phase of PVC. Many of the components and by-products in the manufacturing of PVC have been known to cause cancer or other health effects. The vinyl chloride monomer itself is considered a Group 1 Carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a branch of the World Health Organization (IARC). More than 30 million pounds of VCM were emitted in 1974 from PVC product manufacturing solely in the US. Another big part of the reason that PVC could be so detrimental to ones health is the fact that it contains large amounts of chlorine."
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Polyvinyl Chloride, 1996.
Development of this plastic & uses in industry & home, physical properties, manufacture, environmental issues, polymerization, costs.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Compared to most other materials, plastics have been introduced relatively recently. In fact, many of the major developments in plastics technology have occurred over the last 50 years. One plastic that currently finds widespread application in the construction industry is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Although PVC has been around for over 100 years, it wasn't developed commercially until about the 1930s. The pure resin consists of a linear polymer. The compound's chlorine atoms cause considerable inter-chain attraction. Hence, in its pure state, the material is hard and rigid. With modifying agents, however, PVC can be softened to produce an entire array of flexible products. Indeed, the substance may be the most versatile of the plastics. PVC is currently found in cable..."
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Water Content, 2005.
Describes a chemistry experiment for calculating the water content of hydrates.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at hydrates, and how to calculate their water content. It calculates the water content for copper sulfate hydrate and magnesium chloride hydrate.
From the Paper
" A hydrate is a type of salt containing water within its crystal structure. In this experiment the mass percent of water in a hydrate was determined by heating a sample of the hydrate to remove the water and then comparing the mass of the sample before and after heating. From this the empirical formula of the hydrated salt was determined. This was carried out for copper sulfate hydrate CuSO XH O and for magnesium chloride hydrate MgCl XH O. A crucible was weighed to the..."
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Medication Errors in Hospitals, 1999.
Examines causes, statistics and prevention; focusing on potassium chloride.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"In hospitals in the United States, over one million medication errors occur each year, resulting in 120,000 deaths.
The problem is so prevalent that the American Medical Association has launched a Medication Error Reduction Initiative (Voelker, 1996, pp. 1537-1538). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has reviewed more than 200 sentinel events and found that the most common category of such events was medication errors. Of these, the most frequently implicated drug was potassium chloride according to the Sentinel Event Alert (1998). This paper will look at ways in which hospitals are responding to reduce these mistakes.
A recent study of two hospitals found four major causes for medication errors (Davis, Leape, Nightingale, Weart, & Galper, 1997, p. 30). The four causes were: lack of adequate knowledge.."
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Depression and Nutritional Deficiency, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the correlation between depression, suicide and nutritional deficiency.
13,154 words (approx. 52.6 pages), 75 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper is a comparative analysis of the symptomatic cluster used by the DSM-IV in the establishment of an Axis I diagnosis of depression and the psychological symptoms associated with nutritional deficiencies. The writer of this in-depth paper examines numerous published studies and literature between 1995-2004 regarding deficiency symptoms of B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, magnesium and zinc and compares the findings with the psychological symptoms found in depression. While low self-esteem and suicidal tendencies were not listed in any of the texts, the writer contends that these were in fact substantiated when analyzing the studies detailed in this paper. This paper delves into the findings that prove magnesium and zinc deficiency may be involved in the psychopathology of suicide.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Nutritional Deficiencies and Depression
Nutrition, Culture and Depression
Nutrition and Rule-Out Diagnosis on DSM-IV Axis III
Review of Literature
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Magnesium (Mg)
Zinc (Zn)
Summary
References
From the Paper
"Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin with limited body storage capacities and must be replenished regularly through the diet. It acts as a coenzyme in the oxidative metabolism of glucose and partakes with niacin and riboflavin in glucose oxidation to yield useful metabolic energy in the form of adenoside-tri-phospate (ATP). The nervous tissue is dependent solely on glucose for energy and as such these tissues are very sensitive to fluctuation in thiamin levels. Thiamin's role as a cofactor in conversion of glucose to sugars may explain why a diet high in carbohydrate could deplete the thiamin reserve. Classic thiamin deficiency, beriberi, is rare, whereas Wernicke-Korskoff Syndrome, a condition often found in alcoholics, is commonly encountered as clinical manifestation of B1 deficiency."
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Acid-Base Trilogy, 2005.
A write-up of a chemistry lab about acid-base titration.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a chemistry lab about acid-base titration, using milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) and vinegar (acetic acid). The graph of the titration is drawn, and questions answered about the slope and plateau of the graph. The paper also gives the point of equivalence and the dissociation reaction for magnesium hydroxide.
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The Law of Definite Proportion, 2005.
Examines the law of definite proportion through a chemistry experiment.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This is a report on an experiment in chemistry on the law of definite proportions. It looks at the decomposition of potassium chlorate to potassium chloride with heating.
From the Paper
"The law of definite proportion states that different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass. For example, sodium chloride always contains sodium and chlorine by mass. In this experiment a sample of potassium chlorate was thermally decomposed to determine the mass percent of oxygen in the compound. A crucible containing g MnO catalyst was weighed and g KClO was added and the crucible and contents reweighed. A thermometer was placed in the crucible and..."
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Lead Halides, 1998.
A paper analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the lead (II) and lead (IV) halide compounds. Comparisons between compounds and applications are also discussed.
5,644 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
After a brief historical introduction to lead compounds, it explains what +2 and +4 cations are and examines their uses. The physical and chemical properties of the lead (II) halides are also discussed, with mention of "mixed" halides (e.g., PbFCl).
Outline
An Introduction to Lead
General Lead Dihalide Trends
Mixed Lead Halides
Lead Chloride
Lead Bromide
Lead Iodide
Lead Fluoride
Lead Tetrahalides
Lead Tetrafluoride
Lead Tetrachloride
Possible Lead Halide Application
From the Paper
"Lead, located at the bottom of group IVA on the periodic table is well known for being a massive (atomic mass is 207.2 amu) and dense element. The density characteristics associated with lead arise from its rather compact structure despite its large size. This occurs in accordance to the periodic trend that atom size decreases as one moves left to right across a period. This trend, in conjunction with the massive properties found among the period six elements, accounts for the elements ranging from osmium to lead in that row being the densest (osmium does have the largest density) known to exist."
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Enthalpy Change of a Chemical Reaction, 2005.
Describes a laboratory exercise studying the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a chemistry experiment in enthalpy change during chemical reactions. It looks at the enthalpy change in the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. The experimental method is described and the results analyzed. The write-up shows details of the experiment recorded and how the calculations are made.
From the Paper
"This laboratory exercise studied the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction between magnesium (Mg) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) The experiment is designed to calculate the energy released from a single replacement reaction. The reaction is exothermic, i.e., it gives off heat. An empty calorimeter was weighed and the temperature of the calorimeter recorded. A g sample of Mg was added to mL HCl an the calorimeter with a thermometer attached. The maximum temperature reached during the reaction was recorded. The final weight of the calorimeter..."
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Voltaic Cell, 2005.
An analysis of a laboratory experiment with a homemade voltaic cell.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper describes an experiment with a homemade voltaic cell using a piece of citrus fruit. The paper explains that pairs of metals were inserted into the fruit and the potential was recorded. The metals -- zinc, copper, aluminum, iron, tin, magnesium, lead and nickel -- were paired in all possible combinations. The paper includes equations for the reactions and calculations of Eored.
From the Paper
"This laboratory used a piece of citrus fruit as a voltaic cell to determine the relative positions of a series of different metals in a series of electromotive forces by a qualitative comparison. A quantitative comparison was also determined by using..."
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