| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "LOW INCOME WORKERS": |
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Low-Income Workers, 2006.
A discussion regarding low-income workers and 'Nickel and Dimed' by Barbara Ehrenreich.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of low-income workers, said to be - victims of growing prosperity in the USA. The paper reviews Barbara Ehrenreich's book 'Nickel and Dimed' which discusses this subject. According to the paper, Ehrenreich's makes a convincing case against America's self-proclaimed democratic status when it calls the country a "dictatorship" where low-wage workers "dwell in a place that is neither free nor in any way democratic".
From the Paper
"In response to severe workplace abuses witnessed by immigrants at the turn of the 20th century prompted the federal government to take some serious steps. This included the passing of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA). This and other applicable regulations were meant to ensure healthy working conditions and better wages for workers. However over the years, several violations of the provisions of FLSA have surfaced including the violations connected with record keeping. Section 11a of the legislation requires employers to maintain a record of wages, hours and other conditions at the workplace or factories. These records serve as an important tool for checking if any violations of FLSA took place and to ensure that FLSA is properly followed. However the reasons violations of record keeping are rampant is because of a lack of monetary penalties in case of violation. "
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Impediments to Health Care Access for Low Income Visible Minorities, 2002.
Identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access for lower-income Americans and visible minorities and the more affluent members of America's majority.
29,350 words (approx. 117.4 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
As the American population continues to become more diverse racially, members of visible minority groups within the population become more prominent. Simultaneously, with the increase in diversity, income distribution in the American economy has become more distorted. While economic growth in the United States has surged over the past decade, the income gap has widened; not only between the richest and poorest Americans, but also between moderate-income and low-income Americans. Members of visible minorities in the population tend to be represented disproportionately in the low-income and poverty classifications in the United States. While there is an abundance of implications of this state of affairs, one of the more crucial ones is access to health care. Individual and household financial capacity, the scarcity of employer-paid health insurance among small businesses, cultural differences based in social psychology and other factors frequently act as impediments to health care access for low-income individuals and households among visible minority population groups in the contemporary United States. This problem and these issues are investigated in this study. The study identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States, on the one hand, and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population, on the other hand. The initial chapter of this study delineates the problem investigated. Specific research questions are formulated and stated to provide greater focus for the investigation.
Social psychological theory and applied social psychology literature are reviewed in the second chapter. Literature relevant to the functioning of low-income and visible minority population groups in the United States within a social psychological context are reviewed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to a review of literature relevant to both the health care system in the United States and the experiences of low-income and visible minority population groups in relation to health care access and health care delivery in the United States. An assessment of the problem investigated, performed within the structure of the research questions, is presented in the final (fifth) chapter. Conclusions drawn from the study findings are stated and recommendations for further research are made. The summary conclusions reached through the conduct of this study relate both to health care access and health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities. With respect to health care access, the summary conclusion reached is that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. In relation to health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities, the summary conclusion reached is that extensive education is required for both low-income persons and members of visible minorities, on the one hand, and health care providers, on the other hand. Low-income persons and members of visible minorities require education on the benefits and function of health care services, while health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care
Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and the Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Health Care
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem Discussion, Recommendations for Further Research
Appendices
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Social Cognitive Theory [self-efficacy] emphasizes the role of expectancies, self-efficacy, peer normative influences, and social competency skills as key components affecting adolescents? behaviors (DiClemente, Lodico, Grinstead, Harper, Rickman, Evans, & Coates, 1996). The applicability of models based on social psychological principles for understanding African-Americans? decision-making and sexual behavior has been questioned because most such models tend to be individually-focused and do not take into account the social context in which the behavior is embedded (Cochran & Mays, 1993). Social cognitive theory, however, explicitly integrates behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors as reciprocally interactive. Thus, given the hypothesized multi-factorial nature of sexual decision making and the potential impact of the high-risk social environment of the study population, approaches based on social cognitive theory are thought to be particularly relevant for understanding the myriad factors that may affect African-Americans? sexual behavior."
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Health Care Access for Low-Income Minorities, 2002.
This paper is a qualitative thesis, which assesses the impediments to health care access for low-income visible minorities in the United States.
30,578 words (approx. 122.3 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper, based in sociological and social psychology concepts, identifies the causal factors for the gap between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population with respect to health care access. The author concludes, after an extensive review of the literature, that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. The author suggests that an extensive education is required for low-income persons and members of visible minorities to know the benefits and function of health care services, and health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and The Health Care Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Delivery of Health Care to the Poor
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Delivery
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem
Discussion
Recommendations for Further Research
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"One of the major impediments to the attainment of universal access to healthcare in the United States is the functioning of for-profit Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and managed care organizations (MCOs). These organizations are investor-owned organizations that are in business to make a profit on healthcare delivery. Non-for-profit healthcare organizations also must earn a profit on their operations in order to be able to compensate and train staff, acquire new technology, and generally improve the quality of their services. Unlike investor-owned healthcare companies, however, non-for-profit organizations are not driven by share prices and the bottom-line mentality of for-profit companies. Thus, patient-centered care in not-for-profit healthcare organizations may be contrasted with the investor orientation of the for-profit healthcare companies. Recent decisions by for-profit healthcare companies to drop their Medicare healthcare groups because of substandard profit growth illustrates as no amount of rhetoric can the precedent of investor concerns over patient concerns in the for-profit healthcare companies."
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Residential or Low Income Housing Construction, 2006.
A market analysis of four low-income housing developments constructed in four growing Chicago, Illinois, suburban market areas.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a market analysis and assessment of four low-income housing development projects in Chicago and their impact on surrounding residential neighborhoods. The study conducted was designed to determine whether or not such housing projects have negative effects on surrounding neighborhoods and considered such factors as design and construction quality, building density, the presence or absence of litter, landscaping, ages and conditions of parked cars and window treatments. Also considered by the study were the number of children in the complex and their ages. The study was conducted assuming that the projects were adequately managed and fully occupied and the residents occupying the development project met government-established income criteria. The study found that the stereotype that low income housing projects negatively affect surrounding residential neighborhoods is not necessarily true and, moreover, low-income housing built right in our backyards might have no effect at all on property values.
From the Paper
"Although the specific loan guarantees, tax credits, or rent subsidy programs varied between the four projects, all were entirely either low-income or very low-income family housing developments in developing suburban areas. The quality of the management of the projects chosen could not be determined in advance. As it turned out, all of the projects chosen for the study appeared to be adequately managed and were fully occupied. Therefore, the conclusions assume competent management-not an insignificant factor. Because of the prevailing image of low-income housing, some measurable negative impact was expected; the method developed for analyzing the projects attempted to account for this impact."
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HMOs and Poor and Low-Income Communities, 2002.
This paper assesses the effectiveness of HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) in the delivery of health care to poor and low-income communities.
8,018 words (approx. 32.1 pages), 42 sources, APA, $ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an extensive review of the effects of HMOs to medical care in the U.S. and England. This paper concludes that HMOs demonstrated that they can be effective in the delivery of health care to any population group, including poor communities and low-income persons and households who live outside of poor communities. The author states that HMOs and other managed care organizations have in the past, are now and likely will continue in the future to sacrifice the care required by any population group that threatens to impinge on the bottom-line of these organizations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
HMOs as Health Care Providers
Access to Care through HMOs
Effects of HMOs and Managed Care on Hospitals and Low-Income Patients
Capitation
Purchaser-Oriented Management and Practice Guidelines
Case Management
Performance Analysis
Medicaid and HMOs: A Direct Impact on Poor Communities and On Low-Income Persons and Households
HMOs and Care Quality
Health Care Delivery in the United States Compared With the United Kingdom
National Health Care System in the UK
Similarities & Differences between the National Health Care Systems in the United Kingdom and the United States
The Case for Universality
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Over the past 50 years, managed care programs have existed such as the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (California) and the Health Insurance Plan of New York City. These programs only affected a minority of patients and physicians, until the past six or seven years during which managed care has grown significantly. Rising costs of health care, particularly in industry, and the fact that approximately 15 percent of the United States population lacks health insurance, have provided stimulus for this growth. Health care expenditures account for over 14 percent of the gross domestic product in the United States. Management of medical services is attempted through managed care. It is estimated that around 100 million individuals are now covered by a managed care plan and that 77 percent of employers offer a managed care program."
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Home Ownership for Low-Income Households, 2008.
An analysis of consumer choice and low-income housing.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper establishes a model to elucidate how low-income heads-of-households (LIHOH) decide to purchase a home. The paper explains that after the decision is made, the model will predict the outcome for the homeowners when certain variables are changed, such as interest rates and income. The paper then establishes a hypothesis, proposes a way to prove the hypothesis using social science work done in previous studies, and then examines the outcome. Next, the paper examines what additional evidence might be collected in new quantitative studies to bolster or challenge the hypothesis. This paper also argues that the boom in housing ownership in the United States during the 1990s was largely driven by lower-cost loans, rather than changes in consumer preferences amongst lower-income heads of household. The paper points out that recent interest rate rises and changes in the job prospects of low-income earners in the US should predict a lower rate of house ownership in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Methodology
Income
Expectations of Income Continuation
Previous Home Ownership
Down Payment
Interest Rates
ARM's (Adjustable Rate Mortgages)
Reverse Mortgages
Increasing Housing Prices
Non-Financial Home-Buying Incentives
Completing the Model's Assumptions
Results Analysis
Critiques of this Model
Need for Further Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Heads of household in poor households--defined as up to two times the official US poverty level of $16,000 per household (2004) in the US, or $32,000 (DeNavas-Wait). The rate of home ownership has increased in this segment of the US population during the 1990's (Belsky E. S. and Duda 1-45). Although many LIHOH figures are clouded by the mix between Hispanic, Black and other lower-income classifications, the trend towards higher homeownership in the 1990's is clear. According to the Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances, more than 55 percent of lower-income households held debt in 2004, up from 45% in 1989."
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Low Income Families and Language Development, 2005.
A discussion on children from low-income families and the effect this has on their language development.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses children from low income families, and language development in modern society. The paper examines the societal contention that children raised in poverty will develop inadequate language patterns as well as be candidates for special education programs when their school years commence. The research provides evidence that low income children may develop language complications because the resources for learning are not available to them.
From the Paper
"Children learn language by sound or phonology that allows them to begin to form words, sentences, and structures that serve them in communication (Wright, 2004, p. 61). Children, by nature have a strong inclination to attempt to understand what things mean in order to function within their lives, and relate to the world around them (Athey, 1983, p. 197). It has been contended, however, that children of low-income families have historically suffered from language problems that begin in early childhood, and then progress throughout life because the society in which poor children are reared is absent of the verbal intricacies that children of higher income households are accustomed to."
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Low Income Families, 2005.
A look at the impact of low income families on society and children.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses research on the societal problem of low income families and the significant impact this place in society has on children specifically. The paper further discusses the issue in detail and discusses the effects that society, culture, health, and economy have on children within low income households. The paper further provides intervention information for social workers that is obtained through research.
From the Paper
"Low-income families comprise 37% of our current population. "Low income" is defined by The National Center for Children in Poverty (2004) as a family of four that earns less than $18,850 per year, and/or $1,570 per month ("Low Income"). Since the industrial revolution the plight of low-income families has been a concern for social workers across the United States because low-income families make up the majority of the populations in America's urban areas. The development of low-income households is further of great significance due to the fact that elements within society, such as low wages, housing, and health issues have created for many families a world that is severely crippled by hardships without the intervention of those within the social work field. "
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Treatment of Alcoholics in a Low-income Area: A Grant Proposal, 2006.
A marketing plan that focuses on obtaining a grant for a treatment facility for alcoholics in a low-income area.
2,843 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This work is a demonstrated application of a selected health promotion/disease strategy. Included is a description of the population group; the desired intervention, strategy and rationale. The goal of this grant proposal is to obtain a treatment facility for alcoholics in low-income areas. The researcher explains that low-income neighborhoods are subject to experiential difficulties associated with alcohol use and abuse by members of the community and that is why it is the chosen area for this improvement strategy. The writer concludes that a treatment facility in this area is a vital element in a poor community where many have not had many benefits, such as education.
Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Strategies of Marketing to the Community
Demographical Data in the Area of the Proposed Community Alcohol Treatment Center
Intervention
Rationale
The Outlook Relating to Future Funding Provisions
Treatment Program Community Marketing Process
Medicaid EPSDT and AOD Treatment Services Policy Brief
Screening Process: A Behavioral Healthcare Issue
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"Stated within the report is the fact: "Alcoholism and its negative social, economic, and medical consequences increasingly pose major problems in the American society and important challenges in doctor offices, especially in rural settings where there are few available resources. It is the objective of this study to attempt to assess the needs for, the access to, and the barriers against alcoholism treatment in Grant County, Oregon.". In the report of the design of the study stated is: " the design of the study includes multiple facets of researching work on available literature and published reports, reviewing medical records in medical facilities, meeting with personnel involved in alcoholism treatment programs, and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, all of which focus on the population of Grant County, Oregon."
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Low Income Tax Credit, 2002.
This paper discusses the debatable issue of low income housing tax credit.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the low income tax credit and how many believe that the federal government should do more to help the working poor gain access to affordable housing. It defines and describes the low income housing tax credit in order to explore the advantages and disadvantages presented by such a system.The author discusses how the current plan is extremely convoluted, making it difficult for developers and tenants to comply with.
From the Paper
"According to a report entitled The Low Income Tax Credit published by the Internal Revenue Service the low-income housing tax credit was created by Congress to promote the construction and rehabilitation of existing rental housing for the working poor in various neighborhoods throughout the United States. Congress also believed that the credit would raise the quantity of rental housing for individuals whose income is at or below certain income levels. 1 The report also states that another purpose behind the advent of the tax credit incentive, was the realization that it may be difficult for a private developer to collect rental income that was adequate enough to, pay the expenses associated with the development and maintenance of the housing, or to generate a return on investment adequate enough to produce the capitol needed to fund real estate projects."
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The Low Income Housing Crisis in America, 2008.
A research proposal to determine how affordable and accessible housing can be provided for low income individuals and families across the nation.
2,186 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
Throughout the nation, America's poor are facing a serious housing shortage. Not only are there too few housing units available for those below the poverty line, the housing that is available is often out of the price range of those that need it. This paper presents a research proposal aimed at determining what can be done to help low income families have affordable and accessible housing. The writer presents the current issue, a literature review about the problem, a methodology section in which a research method is recommended, and a conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of Problem
Methodology
Questionnaire
Structured Interview
Population (Sampling)
From the Paper
"There are many factors that contribute to the problem according to experts, including lack of land, lack of funding and lack of public support, but in the meantime low income or poverty level families scramble to figure out where to go or how to live. The cost of not providing affordable, accessible housing to low income families impacts taxpayers across the county in the way of providing shelters, children not getting educations, children being taken into publicly funded foster care when parents can no longer provide for them and health costs for family members who are battling the elements without a place to live. "
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Parental Involvement in Low-Income Minority Students, 2005.
An in-depth discussion of the significance of parental involvement in education among low-income minority students.
5,987 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the importance of parental involvement in education. The paper first begins with the design of parental involvement and then discusses types of parental involvement. Various factors are analyzed such as language and cultural differences and time constraints. The effects of parental involvement in family literacy programs is explored and extent of parental participation in low-income schools is also examined.
Abstract
Chapter One
Introduction
Background
Statement of Purpose
Significance of Project
Methodology
Delimitation of Project
Definition of Terms
Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Rationale for the Project
Summary
Chapter Three
The Data
Introduction
Survey Results
Administrator
Teachers
Parents/Community
Students
Explanation of the Group
Chapter Four
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The purpose for writing this paper was to scrutinize recent research on the significance of parental involvement in education among low income minority students. Another purpose was to see whether or not minority parents' participation in schools would enhance student test scores and other school related activities. Parents involved in workshops designed to teach homework tips for reading and math had students with greater academic achievement. In addition, it was important to find out if parental involvement negated language differences, cultural differences, and other caste barriers of minority students. In order to do this the researcher needed to study several individuals in a particular and chosen school district including parents, students, and teachers.
Reviewing the literature for this issue was also important because the information contained in the literature review provided a great deal of insight into what had been done in the past. This past information is vital for a complete understanding of what has been going on in the academic world when it comes to whether the involvement of the parents has anything to do with the way that children perform on tests and the kinds of grades that these children receive. Not all school districts may find that having parental involvement makes any kind of significant difference in how well their children perform, but since it seems logical that this would be the case, further studies are clearly needed to examine this issue more closely."
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Jay MacLeod's "Ain't No Makin' It Aspirations & Attainment in a Low-Income Neighborhood", 2002.
This essay discusses Jay MacLeod's "Ain't No Makin' It. Aspirations & Attainment in a Low-Income Neighborhood" which examines the author's contention of how different factors affect aspirations and occupational outcomes.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies three major factors shaping the aspirations of the Hallway Hangers and Brothers. The author points out three major factors affecting their occupational outcomes.
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Improving Health Care for Low-Income Communities, 2002.
This paper examines the approaches of medical social economics and ethics to improving access to adequate levels of health care for the poor and for low-income communities.
7,642 words (approx. 30.6 pages), 44 sources, MLA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
A significant proportion of the population in the United States cannot afford health care insurance. Most estimates place this proportion of the population at approximately 12 percent. In this paper, the writer employs scientific reasoning, moral authority and applied ethics in a professional role to analyze the ways in which the situation can be improved.
From the Paper
"The interactionist model posits that social factors "enter not simply before and after but interactively during the experience of emotion" (Hochschild, 1990, p. 119). Thus, the interactionist model recognizes several "points of social entry" (Hochschild, 1990, p. 119). According to the interactionist model, social factors help to shape feeling as feeling is being experienced by a person. As emotions are conceived in the interactionist model, social forces provide shape to biological sensations, thereby creating "a strip of experience with a name, a history, a meaning, and a consequence of a certain sort" (Hochschild, 190, p. 120)."
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Teaching Low-Income Children, 2002.
Discusses ways in teaching disadvantaged children by using old methods to solve modern problems.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper presents some methods for teaching disadvantaged or low-income students. The paper separates strategies used in low-income schools (strengthening academic basics) from those used in middle-income districts with some low-income students (social support). All appropriate methods are based on the principle of tangible achievement as the primary motivator of student success.
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