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Constructionist vs. Positivist Perspectives on Deviance, 2006.
An explanation of both positivist theory and constructionist theory in terms of deviant behavior.
1,592 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explores aspects of both positivist theory and constructionist theory in terms of deviant behavior, and argues that constructionist theory offers better perspectives, overall, toward explaining such behavior. It also explains why deviant behaviors including alcoholism, suicide and murder are better understood under constructivist theory, and phenomenological theory in particular, than under any of the positivistic or deterministic theories.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positivist Theory
Anomie-Strain Theory
Social Learning Theory
Control Theory
Constructionist Theory
Labeling Theory
Phenomenological Theory
Conflict Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Phenomenological theory. Phenomenological theory holds that individuals commit crimes due to the experiential features of the crime itself (Phenomenology, December 1, 2005; Labeling theories of crime, April 15, 2005). Incentive for criminal or deviant acts, under this theory, lies in the essence of what is experienced, and/or what the individual anticipates experiencing, before, during, and after the crime. Katz (1988) suggests "the causes of crime are constructed by the offenders themselves". A phenomenological approach to studying social deviance and/or criminality, then, offers a counterpoint to positivistic theories such as Merton's."
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Goldratt and Cox's "The Goal", 2004.
Book review of Goldratt and Cox's "The Goal".
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews "The Goal" by Goldratt and Cox. The paper discusses "Theory of Constraints", a philosophy for improving production throughput presented in "The Goal", and looks at the concept of throughput accounting, a concept embraced by Goldratt and Cox in "The Goal".
From the Paper
"In The Goal, (Goldratt and Cox, 1986) Alex Rogo manages a troubled manufacturing plant. When his district manager informs Alex that profits must increase or the plant will be shut down, he turns to Jonah, a former professor. With Jonah?s help, Alex turns the plant around while at the same time abandoning traditional management principles in favor of Jonah?s Theory of Constraints and Throughput Accounting practices."
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Eliyahu M. Goldratt's and Jeff Cox's "The Goal", 2006.
A summary and analysis of Goldratt and Cox's novel, "The Goal".
1,028 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the novel "The Goal" by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox, explaining that, while written as a novel, "The Goal" also teaches sound business practices. The paper also summarizes the plot of the story, introduces the characters and outlines the problems that the characters in the book must face.
From the Paper
"The Goal by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox takes the form of a novel. However, this novel also teaches sound if somewhat unconventional business practices. The novel ultimately aims at improving business management through practicing common sense thinking. The main character in the novel is Alex Rogo, the Bearington plant manager of the UniWare plant of the UniCo Company. The approach in the novel is rather different from the conventional, in that it takes a scientific, rather than a business oriented view of managing practice. Standard practice is discarded in favor if a scientific analysis of what is wrong, and taking steps according to a previously set goal: making money. The novel also addresses Alex Rogo's personal life with his wife and children, who feel neglected because of his increasing work demands."
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Purity of Spirit In Archibald MacLeish's " J.B.", 1996.
A detailed look the play by MacLeish.
2,146 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This is a paper about Archibald MacLeish's "J.B." a post-WWII verse play. The author looks at the play in-depth. MacLeish displays the main character's purity of spirit through his relationships with his children, his wife and his friends. While others around him falter as their world crumbles, J.B. is able to maintain his purity.
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of time, a troubling enigma has plagued mankind. Man has always asked his God why humanity must be stricken with suffering. If God is a fair and righteous God, then why does He punish us for paradoxical reasons? Some have concluded that human suffering is due to unholy sin, while others believe sin to be one small step in God's ultimate plan in one's life. Others determine that God reveals one's true character by testing them. Great philosophers and scholars have debated this distressing issue for centuries. This topic has been fully explored in all areas of life, especially in the written word. Literature's dominant theme is usually about human suffering in some form or another, whether it be the Book of Job in the Old Testament or Dostoyevsky novels or soap operas (Corliss 75). Archibald MacLeish, a noted American poet and playwright, explores human suffering in most of his works. However, his "post-World War II verse play," J.B., fully searches the topic (Adler 128)."
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"The Goal" by Eliyahu Goldratt & Jeff Cox, 1996.
Critical review of work on plant management, leadership, communication & decision making presented in novel form.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Goldratt constructs The Goal as a split-track narrative which focuses on Al Rogo, a plant manager, who is presented as struggling to salvage both his ailing manufacturing plant and his expiring marriage. By juxtaposing two tales where collapse appears imminent, Goldratt heightens the story's narrative suspense while showcasing multiple instances where his innovative crisis management skills would be best applied. His twin focus reinforces his only slightly camouflaged attempt to establish philosophical underpinnings as the basis for all acts of problem solving. While The Goal centers upon developing improved management skills in the midst of crisis, equally it invests itself within the classical format of a quest narrative."
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"The Goal" by Eliyahu Goldratt & Jeff Cox), 1996.
Critical review of novel designed to develop theory of production management.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The novel The Goal, by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox, is undoubtedly one of the most unusual business books of recent years. The intention of co-author Goldratt in conceiving the book is to introduce and develop a theory of production management based on the principles of physics. The authors, however, chose to develop this view by presenting what amounts to a hypothetical case study. To that point, the exercise is not uncommon in the literature of business.
However, in developing a hypothetical case study in the length and detail required for the argument presented--the book runs to 337 pages--the authors chose to present their work in the form of a novel. The book centers on Alex Rogo, the plant manager of the Bearington manufacturing plant of UniCo; town and corporation are both fictitious, as are the machines in the plant..."
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"Ars Poetica" by Archibald Macleish, 1994.
A line-by-line analysis including rhyme scheme, structure, images, tone, theme and meaning.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Archibald MacLeish's poem "Ars Poetical' is an ironic work because it makes declarations about poetry and what poetry "should be," but it contradicts those declarations at the very moment it makes them. For example, we read that
A poem should be wordless
As the flight of birds (7-8).
But, of course, these lines are made of the very words of which the poet says a poem should be free. What MacLeish is saying in this and other declarations of irony and apparent contradiction is that a poem, if it is successful, appeals to a part of the reader that transcends rational, analytical thinking which seeks a linear "meaning" from life, experience and poetry. The true "meaning" of a poem, then, according to MacLeish, is more like a mystery unsolved than an object defined. The object..."
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The Saturday Night Massacre, 2006.
A chronological review of events leading up to the Saturday Night Massacre.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the crucial events of October, which culminated in the infamous Saturday Night Massacre, were triggered by Archibald Cox's demand for White House tape-recordings that might resolve the conflict between President Nixon's claims of innocence and the testimony of former counsel John Dean, which implicated the President in the Watergate cover-up. The paper further discusses how ultimately, the existence of these tape-recordings, which had been revealed by Alexander Butterfield during the Senate Watergate Hearings in the summer of 1973, provided Cox with a definitive means determining who was telling the truth and who was lying.
From the Paper
"Watergate unfolded over a period of two years against the tragic backdrop of the Vietnam War, which produced a powerful anti-war movement across America in the late nineteen-sixties and early nineteen-seventies. Richard Nixon's Watergate crimes were a direct result of his fear that he would lose his reelection bid in November of 1972 to an anti-war Democrat, and a product of his rampant paranoia about leaks and obsessive penchant for secrecy. Ironically, the break in itself in June of 1972 was a minor crime compared to the massive cover up concocted and carried out by Nixon and high White House officials. "
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The Watergate Scandal, 2005.
This paper discusses the Watergate Scandal, which forecasted the possible impeachment of President Richard Nixon and led to his resignation on August 9, 1974.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Watergate Scandal refers to a series of events spread over several years surrounding President Richard Nixon's administration and his alleged abuse of power while in office which encompassed the political undermining of the anti-war movement (Vietnam), the Democratic political party, embarrassing and inculpatory behavior by the administration and subsequent reporting by the press. The author reviews the timeline, events and major players in this scandal including President Richard Nixon, Vice President Spiro Agnew, Special Watergate Prosecutor Archibald Cox, White House Counsel and possibly the original architect of the cover-up John Dean, Attorney General John Mitchell, Judge John Sirica and Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, the "The Washington Post" reporters who uncovered the scandal. The paper concludes that the Watergate Scandal, which produced the first dual resignations of a president and vice president, indictments of forty prominent citizens and scarred the nation throughout the process, is the benchmark and term often applied to scandalous political behavior.
From the Paper
"John Mitchell as the Attorney General was a loyal supporter of Nixon. In September 1972, stories published by "The Washington Post" linked Mitchell with a $250,000 slush fund that paid for the Watergate burglaries. He made a famously vulgar remark about the fact that if the stories were published, there would be political repercussions. He was right and later prosecuted for perjury, obstruction of justice, and conspiracy. Elliot Richardson, the Attorney General (after Richard Kleindienst), appointed Archibald Cox as special prosecutor and later refused to fire him. Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William D. Ruckelshaus both resigned during the "Saturday Night Massacre". John Sirica presided over the Watergate trials, while he was the Chief Judge of the US District Court for the District of Columbia. He was considered a maverick on the bench and actively questioned the witnesses and defendants during this trial. He surmised that the participants in the Watergate trial were not being truthful in their assertions. He ordered that the original audiotapes containing the recorded conversations be presented to the court, not the transcripts. The Supreme Court upheld this ruling in July, 1974, thus leading to the resignation of Nixon in August, 1974."
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Two Classic Teen Novels, 2005.
This paper compares the protagonists in two classic teen novels: Katherine Paterson's "Jacob Have I Loved" and Chris Crutcher's "Running Loose".
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the protagonist in Katherine Paterson's "Jacob Have I Loved", Sara Louise Bradshaw, who has a favored twin sister, throughout the book, grows more distant from her family and friends; whereas, the protagonist in Chris Crutcher's "Running Loose", Louie Banks begins as the idealized youth who has a promising academic career, an athletic prowess, good friends, two part-time jobs and parents who love and respect him. The author points out that both Sara and Louie's reactions to the people in their lives, such as Sara's grandmother and Louie's Coach Lednecky, offers them the opportunity to learn about themselves and to gain strength of character. The paper concludes that Louie finds better role models that offer him support and Sara Louise discovers how to escape the isolation in her soul.
From the Paper
"Coach Lednecky and Jasper are racists without a conscious and who Louie had the courage to face up to and this taught Louie about who he was and what he believed in and it cultivated an inner strength that he did not have before when his world was so perfect. Like Sara Louise, Louie did not just lie down but he chose to find another sport to pursue so he became a runner. The other character that helped Louie's character to develop was Coach Madison, who is how more coaches and teachers should be. Louie believes that the worst of things he has endured until he loses Becky."
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Change in the Concept of Power in a Modern Organization, 2002.
Suggests that the modern concept of power in today's organizations has been transformed from a traditional superior-subordinate relationship to one that is more loose and informal.
4,935 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the modern concept of power in organizations has changed the role of the manager and the role of employees. The paper goes on to suggest that in today?s workplace, a manager is no longer one who exercises absolute authority. The manager's role is now that of a facilitator and catalyst. As a result of this change in the concept of power, the controlling function of leadership has evolved. Today?s employees enjoy a greater degree of control and power that was unheard of ten years ago.
From the Paper
"In today?s society, human beings are exposed to and strongly influenced by many types of power. As a result of globalization and innovative technology, managers and employees alike are seeing rapid changes in their workplaces. The changes affect millions of people personally, as they have to deal with company downsizing and learning new skills."
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Kawabata: "Snow Country", 1993.
Reviews the Nobel prize winning Kawabata's most famous novel, "Snow Country", written as a loose serial over 14 years, but nonetheless retaining unity of purpose and structure.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Yasunari Kawabata's Snow Country ranks as one of the most widely read and influential novels in contemporary Japanese literature. It has also been cited as the novel which more than any other gave Kawabata the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1968. It has been called a "nihilistic fairy tale" and remains one of the most widely read texts in modern Japanese literature (Rimer 154). The story tells of a love affair between an urban man and a country geisha, and what is most remarkable about the book is its unity of purpose and structure. The book was written over a fourteen-year period (from around 1923 through 1937), though it does not read as if it were in any sense disjointed or divided into sections from different periods of time. Indeed, this is all the more remarkable given that the different sections of the book were published in different periodicals with no real ..."
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A Line in the Sand, 2002.
Examines the history of the disputed Kuwait-Iraq boundary, from its instatement by Percy Cox in 1922 to the present day conflict in the Gulf.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In 1922, the year that Iraq became a British mandate, the British High Commissioner to Iraq - Sir Percy Cox - held a tent meeting in the Arabian desert with representatives of regional leaders, including the man who would become King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. At this meeting Cox arbitrarily set out the lines marking the desert boundaries of Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Almost seven decades later the lines that Cox drew in the sands of the region were reinforced by the orders of an American President.
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The Difficulties of Conservation Between Cultures, 2002.
A review of Cox's "A Tale of Two Villages: Culture, Conservation and Ecocolonialism in Samoa".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay will examine Cox's "A Tale of Two Villages: Culture, Conservation and Ecocolonialism in Samoa" in order to crystallize what Cox is describing, his motives and intentions in writing the chapter, and how well he carried out his argument.
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The Cold War, 2005.
A discussion about how Robert Cox's view can be used to explain Cold War theory and ideology to different audiences.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper makes use of Robert Cox's view of theory serving different audiences to explain Cold War ideology, and realist/neo-liberal views of the Cold War that have prevailed. Binary thinking continues despite the fall of communism, and is seen again in discussion of China, and more, in approaches to Muslim fundamentalist movements employing political violence. Events explained in one view in this paper and then the other, shows Cox's model to be correct. All phenomena addressed theoretically will produce views that suit one agenda and population, or another.
From the Paper
"All theory points to the benefit of someone, and a purpose, as expressed in Robert Cox's work. (2000) Cox's view of the Cold War is interesting for his emphasis on how ideas tend to be repeated in public or official debate, and on how very different analyses of the same event can be produced. Since 1989, and the dissolution of Soviet Europe, people have no longer been caught up in the ideological and strategic war between communist and capitalist camps."
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