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Why We Can Only Live on Earth, 2005.
A look at why Earth, as far as our technology can determine, is the only planet that can sustain human life.
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at why life forms on Earth can live on the Earth but cannot survive on other planets. In exploring this fact, this essay discusses scientific theories about the creation of the universe, how conditions on Earth support life, and how the conditions on other planets are hostile to it.
From the Paper
"The current scientific theory about the creation of the universe states that at one time all the matter and energy in the universe was condensed in a very small and infinitely hot mass. About 10 and 15 billion years ago, a huge explosion, termed the "Big Bang," took place that sent matter and energy expanding in all directions, and the universe was born. The formation of the stars (including our sun), the galaxies, and the planets are all explained by the Big Bang theory. This hypothesis about the creation of the universe was developed following the observation by an American astronomer, Edwin Hubble, in the late 1920s that distant stars and galaxies are receding from Earth in every direction-indicating that the universe was expanding."
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Comparative Concert Review, 2007.
A comparison of two performances, "Stomp" and "Live Earth Concert".
3,430 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the functional, operative and practical aspects of "Stomp" (a physical theatre and musical performance) and "Live Earth Concert" (a series of worldwide concerts held on the same day). It explains and compares different facets of these two performances, including the venue; atmosphere; musical aspects; lighting and sound enforcement. The writer reflects on the overall performances and notes that most people who attended both performances enjoyed "Stomp" (the relatively low budget unique creation) more. The writer concludes that both events were worth the price of the tickets, as "Live Earth Concert" was a great opportunity to see several artists performing on one stage and "Stomp" was a purely entertaining and exclusive show.
Table of Contents:
Preface
Introduction
Concert Summaries
Venue
The Performances
Sound and Acoustics
Music Aspects
Instruments and Equipment
Stage Lighting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A concert or as some colloquially call it a 'gig' or 'show' is a performance, that has music as the central entertaining premise. The performers and entertainers such as solo artists or bands, aim to generate a vigour, power and energy that in a sentence leave their audiences in rapturous admiration and awe at the vertical depth and wide coverage that they are able to generate in just a short space of time. The musical masterpiece 'Stomp' which is currently being staged at Vaudeville Theatre in London; and the benevolent global 'Live Earth Concert', which was held on the 7th of July 2007 and had Wembley Stadium London as one of its many venues; model two such concert performances."
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Earth Odyssey: A Review, 2001.
This is a book review of Mark Hertsgaard's book, "Earth Odyssey: Around the Earth in Search of our Environmental Future."
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion and analysis of the environmental issues that are discussed in Mark Hersgaard's book, "Earth Odyssey." Some of the topics examined are nuclear technology, humanity's addiction to the automobile, the health of the planet and the affects of unbounded capitalism. The author also discusses poverty, and some of the reasons for the disparities between the richer and poorer countries and their populations. The author also poses several solutions to some of these problems.
From the Paper
"But Hertsgaard also brings up other ways we are destroying our environment, that beyond our own selves. According to Hertsgaard, "the automobile may well be the ultimate symbol of the modern environmental crisis" (p.90) The world's fleet of cars contributes " between 20 and 25 percent of current greenhouse gas emissions; only electric power plants, with 25 percent, and deforestation, with 25 percent, are as damaging." (p.94) And then there's health effects: "A study released by Harvard University researchers in 1995 found that 30,000 Americans die every year from respiratory illnesses related to car exhaust, while another 12,000 people die prematurely because of such exhaust" (p.95) Clearly, this is a point in his argument he feels especially strong about. And more importantly, it's one we as a population can control."
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The Gaia Theory of the Earth and Plate Tectonics, 2001.
An examination of the Gaia theory which maintains that soon after the formation of life, organisms began to change the environment, as well as adapt to this environment.
1,237 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Gaia and the plate tectonics; is the Earth alive?
This paper examines the Gaia theory that has emerged concerning the earth, its formation, and the living and non living creatures that adorn it. The paper also examines plate tectonics, living organisms, formation of water, etc.
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The Snowball Hypothesis for Earth, 2005.
This paper discusses the Snowball Hypothesis for Earth theory, which proposes that the Earth has a history of temperature cycles.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Snowball Hypothesis for Earth, which is a theory speculating that the earth has experienced consistent cyclical hot and cold periods, can be considered a possible cause of the current trends toward warmer climates and rising seas. The author points out that the theory encompasses tropical sea-level glaciers, distributions of continents, carbon dioxide levels, solar input, banded iron formations and early bacterial life. The paper states that scientist speculate that approximately twenty thousand years ago, our deep ocean waters moved towards the freezing point, but those water temperatures were not near the equator as was the case during the Neoproterozoic period.
From the Paper
"As we currently fear global warming, evidence may be pointing to eventual temperature shifts that follow the Yin and Yang of life. First, there are opposites hot and cold. The planet is merely going through its normal cyclical changes so we should not fear global warming any more than we should expect it as we should also expect another future snowball. "For the last million years, the Earth has been in its coldest state since the Neoproterozoic. We are now living in a relatively warm episode, some 80,000 years from the next glacial maximum, but some evidence suggests that each successive glaciation over the last several cycles has been getting stronger and stronger.""
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"Living Religions", 2004.
A review of the book, "Living Religions" by Mary Pat Fisher, with an emphasis on Judaism.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the book, "Living Religions" by Mary Pat Fisher, and specifically explains how and why Judaism evolved into separate groups from its original foundation. It looks at how the Jewish religion is one of the oldest on earth, and from its beginnings, there have always been different groups of Jews who believed in different ways. It examines how the Jewish religion has split into many factions over the years, including Christianity, and how, because of this, the Jewish religion may be one of the most important and essential religions still practiced today.
From the Paper
"As the author notes, the Jews, who had lived in many different cultures and under many different foreign rulers, including Hellenistic (Greek) Alexander the Great, also "became somewhat open to cross-cultural religious borrowings." Some of the beliefs of others became accepted by the some of the Jews, but not all of them, and so another basis for different believing groups was established. As Fisher writes, "...and the rationalistic, humanistic influences of Hellenism led many wealthy and intellectual Jews, including the priests in Jerusalem, to adopt a Hellenistic attitude of skepticism rather than unquestioning belief." They called these two different groups the "traditionalists" and those who "embraced the Greek ways," and the two groups had trouble getting along together."
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The Origins of the Earth, 2002.
A look at the different theories on the creation of the Universe and the development of the Earth.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper is about the creation of the universe, and more particularly about the earth and its early development. To date, no conclusive answer has been drawn about the events of 10-20 billion years ago when the universe came into existence. The whole idea of the 'big bang' is still a matter of debate for scholars, and this paper will attempt to do no more than touch on some of the commonly held ideas about the origins of the universe and the earth. The paper will discuss a few of the events that followed the creation of the universe and the earth, and to explain events as they are currently understood. The format of the paper will be as follows: first, it will discuss the formation of the universe; second, the earth in some detail, looking at the creation of the oceans and the atmosphere; third, it will conclude with an overview of the topic at hand.
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"Living Within Limits", 2002.
Review of Garrett Hardin's work, "Living Within Limits", and the message it delivers about conservationism and environmental awareness.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the focus on population control in Hardin's book, "Living Within Limits". Hardin's theme about the Earth's limitations on its ability to sustain life, and the technological advances that are placing more and more demands on this ability, is reviewed and critiqued. The paper discusses the data Hardin gathered to give credence to his theory and his conclusions and findings. Several different arguments of Hardin's critics are also presented.
From the Paper
"Garrett Hardin's work "Living Within Limits" was created to send a message of conservatism and awareness to people. Garrett Hardin's central theme in his work is that human beings need to live within their limits. His point in writing the book is to emphasize that the world naturally adjusts to population growth by impeding it or helping it thrive, depending on the current state of it's carrying capacity. According to Hardin, people need to be more conscious of the world's carrying capacity, which is reaching critical limits. Modern technological advances have allowed populations of people who might ordinarily have passed away, to survive. This de-naturalization of the order of nature has caused a critical crisis. Hardin very selectively in his work points out what he would refer to as the "superfluous population" of poor people, that are now living longer and expanding due to international relief efforts. He frowns upon such activity, claiming the environment can't support such unchecked growth."
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Inquiry-Based Education in Earth Science Instruction, 2005.
A discussion of a teacher's experience when presenting Earth Science coursework in the secondary school setting.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the experience of a secondary school teacher presenting Earth Science coursework, covering the various teaching related tools and skills necessary for teaching science in the secondary school setting.
Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Inquiry-Based Instruction Defined
Development and Demonstration of Inquiry Based
Learning Activities in Science Instruction
National Science Education Standards and Grade Appropriateness
Classroom Dynamics for Secondary School Instruction
Assessment in Earth Science Teaching
Design of Curriculum
Example: High-School Earth-Science Activity
Original Middle-School Earth-Science Activity
Teacher Presentation
Lesson and Activity Objectives
Grading for Science
National Norm Referenced Testing for Science
From the Paper
"Earth Science is particularly complicated in relation to instruction in the contemporary classroom. This is because of the many political and social issues involved in this area of study which, in the eyes of many, is an area of religious import as well. Furthermore, the initiative to teach in an inquiry-based manner further expands the research and examination in relation to providing instruction in Earth Science. When considering a method of instruction it is critical to take into account the grade-level appropriateness in relation to the curriculum and inclusive classroom activities when planning the instructional lessons and accompanying activities."
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Ecological Footprints: Sustaining Our Earth, 2002.
Explains the effects ecological footprints have on sustaining our country and the planet Earth.
2,406 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how ecological footprints, effective ecological tools used to help maintain our world, impose many questions in sustaining the earth's life. Charts are included with the paper.
Defining Our Ecological Footprint
Dependency on Nature
Carrying Capacity of Cities and Earth
Comparison between Countries
Natural Capita: Effects on the Earth
Impact of the World Economies
Solutions
From the Paper
"The world economy has a great impact on the ecological footprints of the world. Every country wants to obtain economic growth to produce more money. But in doing this, they have to deplete their natural capital, which in turn, is not helping in sustaining this world. As William Rees states, "there is simply not enough on the planet to sustain present international development trends using prevailing technologies" (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). So something drastic has to be done. As the ecological footprints of humans are already too large for the earth to handle, how can we accommodate the rising materials and rising in population, while trying to sustain the earth. Most analysts agree that it can happen in two ways: through a reduction in the standard of living or through the increase in material and energy efficiency (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). These two issues also apply problems, through cultural, economic, and social values. Especially in the more developed countries. To lower the standard of living would be outright rejected in the more developed countries such as Canada and the U. S. So indeed, most people agree that "global sustainability is achievable only through large increases in the consumption of goods and services in both poorer and richer countries" (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). But still a problem arises. There will still be inequity in the growth of the more and less developed countries. It seems the richer get richer and the poorer get poorer. A consensus seems to be emerging though. They say that the needed consumption will work if there is a reduction in the material energy costs of goods and services. "
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Earth's Diameter, 2002.
An insight in how to measure the diameter of the Earth.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Eratosthenes' calculation of the Earth's diameter, based on one assumption and two measurements, that the Earth was a sphere and that the two measurements made are the degree of the Earth's shadow at noon at two points and the distance between those points. It outlines how this experiment can be repeated by measuring the degree of the shadows cast at two locations either directly north or south of each other at noon on the same day and details the equipment required, the measurements to be taken and the mathematical equations involved.
From the Paper
"Eratosthanes used the city of Syene in Egypt as the first point. This point was selected because it was known that on noon on the first day of summer the sun was directly overhead. This was known because people observed that at this time, the buildings cast no shadows (York University). Therefore, the degree of the shadow at Syene was 0o.
Eratosthanes then needed to know the degree of the shadow at another point either directly north or directly south, at the same time of day. Eratosthanes selected Alexandria as the second city. The degree of the sun's shadow was measured and found to be 7.2o (HEASARC)."
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The Planet Earth, 2007.
A look at Earth as compared to the other planets in our solar system.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why Earth is the only planet in our solar system capable of sustaining life and how it is the only planet that has plentiful liquid water and an atmosphere that can protect the planet from the harmful ultra-violet rays of the Sun. The paper attempts to determine what makes Earth so special by using comparative planetology to understand what makes Earth a habitat for life and what makes it so different from the other planets in our solar system.
Outline:
Terrestrial Planets
Jovian Planets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"If we were to look at Earth as a starting point to compare the other eight planets in our solar system, the first thing we notice from space is the magnificent blue color and swirls of clouds. This is an inviting sight and is the first hint at why life is found on our planet. Earth has many features that the other planets do not have. Earth has many features that make it unique. Earth is made of rock and metal. It is one of the four terrestrial planets and has the largest Moon in the solar system. Earth has abundant volcanic activity because of its size in comparison to the other terrestrial planets. With the abundance of water and oxygen, Earth's atmosphere stays in balance and is able to continue supporting life. The liquid oceans help to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the presence of a stratosphere helps protect the surface from the deadly ultra-violet rays of the Sun. Another unique feature of Earth is plate tectonics. Plate tectonics acts as giant conveyor belt that moves the mantle of Earth around, which constantly changes the look of our planet. Although Earth's interior needs much more exploration, scientists can tell about the composition of the deepest regions of Earth by using seismic waves following an earthquake. By reading this seismic data carefully, scientists get a better understanding of interior Earth."
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The Geology of Earth, 2002.
A history of the geological development of the Earth.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the evolution of the Earth, with a brief explanation of how this process was started and how it continues. By understanding the growing process of the Earth structural growth, we can get a good look at the geological proof it has to offer. In the many faceted view of the Earth's history in geology, the growth of the planet can explain many structural changes involved.
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David Orr's "Earth in Mind", 2005.
This paper discusses the environmental issue of ecology education in "Earth in Mind: On Education, Environment and The Human Prospect" by David Orr.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the environmental issue reflected in the cross-disciplinary theory for ecological education within the junior high and high school levels of education. The author points out that, by understanding the problem of traditional disciplinary methods of education, a comparative analysis can help one understand the ramifications of separate fields of study for ecological school curricula. The paper relates that David Orr in "Earth in Mind: On Education, Environment and The Human Prospect" presents critical issues in cross-disciplinary education to forge a new cooperation between branches of science in relation to understanding the Earth's ecological systems.
From the Paper
This educational study will focus on the use of cross-disciplinary theory in environmental studies to help bring about a change to disciplinary methods within Earth in Mind: On Education, Environment and The Human Prospect by David Orr. By understanding this position within modern educational curricula, one can reflect how other theorists approach this growing problem and how it can be changed. Through Orr's perspective on education a far more cross-disciplinary application for ecology should be applied, reflecting a more collective approach in crossing boundaries within disciplinary formats. David Orr relates in his book the prime objective of learning to create a far more universal approach to education within approaching pedagogical disciplinary methods within different fields (Orr 113).
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Earth First vs. Headwaters, 2004.
Talks about the environmental group, "Earth First" and its attempt to save an old-growth, coastal redwood forest.
1,554 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the methods used by the environmental group, "Earth First", to save Headwaters Forest from logging by the Maxxam Corporation. The paper details the protest movement organized by "Earth First" and the ensuing police response to the protest. The subsequent legal battle that followed the protest is also outlined.
From the Paper
"Earth First! is characterized as a radical environmental group by its enemies and as a necessary and militant group seeking to protect the environment from illegal use and predatory actions by big business by its supporters. The group has raised objections to one project in particular, the Headwaters project in Humboldt County in Northern California, bringing it into conflict not only with the Maxxam Corporation that is pushing this project and with various employees or potential employees of that company, but also with the FBI, leading to several court cases either directed at Earth First! or undertaken by Earth First! in order to challenge the actions of Maxxam. A number of legal issues are raised in these court actions by both sides in the dispute."
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